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PROCEEDINGS

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OF THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF P II I L A D E L PHI A .

VOL. VII. 1854, 1855.

PHILADELPHIA.

1> R I N T E D F It T II E ACADEMY:
By Merrihew & Thompson, Merchant 6trect above Fourth.

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INDEX TO VOLUME VII.

Abert, Col. J. J., don. to lib., x.
Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum, don.

to lib., xii., xxix.
Acad. Royale des Sciences de Belgique,

don. to lib., xvi.
Acad. Nat. Sci. of California, don. to
mus., i.; extract from Proceedings of,
15.
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, don.

to lib., ii.
Agnew, A. G. E., don. to lib., xxxv.
Albany Institute, don. to lib., xxxi.
Allen, J. Fisk, don. to lib., xxv.
Allen, William H., LL.D., don. to lib.,

xxxvrii.
American Association for the advance-
ment of Science, don. to lib., xxxv.
American Academy of Arts and Sci-
ences, don. to lib., viii., xxxiv.
American Journal of Science and Arts,
don. of, by Editors, i., v., viii., xi.,
xv., xvii., xxi., xxiii., xxvii., xxxi.,
xxxiv., xxxix.
American Geographical and Statistical

Society, don. to lib., xv.
American Ethnographical Society, don.

to lib., xii.
American Philosophical Society, don.

to lib., iii., xii., xxii., xxix.
Annals of Science, don. of, by Editor,

i., iii., v., vi.
Anthony, J. G., don. to lib., ix.
Annaboldi, G., don. to lib., xiii.
Adams, Capt. H. A., U. S. N., don. to

mus., xxx.
Ashhurst, John, don. to mus., xxxvii.
Ashmead, Chas. C, don. to mus., xxvi.
Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., i., xiv.,
xxiii., xxv., xxvi., xxxiii. ; remarks
on having noticed the fact that Colu-
ber eximius can produce a sound like
the rattle of the rattlesnake, and that
the black snake can produce a similar
sound, 345 ; catalogue of marine Al-
gae discovered at Beesley's Point, N.
J., 410.
Avogadro, Le Comte, don. to lib.; ii.

Baird, Prof. S. F., don. to lib., viii., x.,
xviii., xxix.; descriptions of new ge-
nera and species of North American
Frogs, 59 ; descriptions of new Birds
collected between Albuquerque, N.
M.,and San Francisco, Cal., 1853-4.
on the Pacific railroad route, under
Lieut. Whipple, 118; characteristics
of some new species of Mammalia,
collected by the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, Maj. Emory, Com-
missioner, part 1, 331 ; characteris-
tics of some new species of N. A.
Mammalia, collected chiefly in con-
nection with the U. S. surveys of a
railroad route to the Pacific, part 1,
333.
Baird, Prof., and C. Girard, descrip-
tions of new species of Fishes from
Texas, New Mexico and Sonora, col-
lected by Mr. J. H. Clark and Capt.
Van Vleit,24.
Bache, Prof. A. D., don. to lib., xvi.
Barton, Dr. E. H., don. to mus., xxi.,

don. to lib., xxii.
Bavarian Government, don. to lib., ix.,

xxxii.
Bender, E., don. to mus., xxvi.
Beesley, Thomas, don. to mus., xxv.,

xxvi.
Belfast Nat. Hist, and Philosoph. Soc,

don. to lib., x.
Blake, Wm. P., notice of remarkable
strata containing the remains of In-
fusoria and Polythalamia in the Ter-
tiary formation of Monterey, Cal.,
328.
Blanding, Dr. Wm., Jr. don to mus.,iv.
Bonaparte, Prince C. L., don. to lib.,

xxi.
Boston Nat. Hist. Soc, don. to lib.,
viii., xi., xii., xv., xx., xxii., xxiv.,
xxv., xxvii., xxviii., xvxiv., yvxv.,
xxxix.
Bouchardat, M., don. to lib., xx.
Brazier, A., don. to lib., xii., xxii.,
xxiii., xxiv., xxviii.

IV.

INDEX.

Breck, Samuel, don. to mus., xvi.

Bridges, Dr. R., don. lo lib., iii.

Brainard, Dr. B. H., don. to lib., xvii.

Brinton, Dr., remarks on a new mode
recently devised by him, for the pre-
paration of anatomical specimens,
71.

Briicke, Ernest., don. to lib., xxi.

Burtt, Dr. J. L., Q. S. N., don. to mus.,
xxvi., xxx.

Byrne, Bernard M., don. to lib., xxiv.

By-Laws, amendment of, 88.

California Acad, of Nat. Sci., don. to
lib., xv. , xxii., xxvii., xxxi., xxxv.

California State Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction, don. to lib., xii.

Cabanis, J., don. to lib., xiii.

Carpenter, G. W., don. to mus., i., don.
to lib., vi.

Carus, J. Victor, don. to lib., ix.

Carret, Thos. W., don. to mus., xxi.

Camac, Dr. Wm., don. to mus., xxvi.

Carson, Dr., don. to mus., xxxvii.

Cassin, John, don. to lib., xxxvi. ; re-
marks on the appearance of Loxia
leticoptera in great numbers in this
vicinity, 203 ; list of pigeons of the
genus Carpophaga, in the collections
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. and of the Ex-
plo. Exped. (Vincennesand Peacock)
with descriptions and notices of new
and little known species, 227 ; re-
marks on Grex prate?isis, a specimen
of which had been obtained near Sa-
lem, N. J., 265 ; notes on N. Amer.
Falconidae, with descriptions of new-
species, 277 ; reference to Ganis an-
tarcticics, and several species of
geese and other birds from the Falk-
land Islands, obtained by Capt. Bern-
see, 289 ; descriptions of new species
of Birds from Western Africa, in the
collection of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of
Philada., 324 ; remarks on the in-
tended expedition of M. Duchaillu
into the interior of West Africa, and
on the results of his former expedi-
tions in that country, 410; notices of
some new and little known Birds in
the collection of the U. S. Explo.
Exped., in the Vincennes and Pea-
cock, and in the collection of the A.
N. S. of Philada., 438.

Charleston Med. Journ. and Review,
don. of, by Editors, v., xii., xv., xxi. .
xxii., xxiv., xxvii., xxxiv., xl.

Coates, B. H., don. to lib., xxii.

Coleman, Dr., don. to mus., xiii.,
xxxvii.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, don. to
lib., viii., ix.

Committee to recommend to the Go-
vernment the propriety of having Na-
turalists attached to the expedition
for the exploration of Africa, 2.

Committee to solicit contributions from
the members of the Academy, to aid
the expedition of M. Duchaillu into
Western Africa, 40.

Committees, standing,for 1854,14 ; for
1855, 264.

Committees on scientific papers : By
Chas. Girard ; on a new Entomos-
tracan of the family Limnadidae, in-
habiting the western waters, 1 ; on a
new species of Salmonidae, 71 ; a list
of North American Bufonides, with
diagnosis of new species, 72 ; descrip-
tion of new fishes collected on the
Southern Pacific railroad route, 126 ;
enumeration of marine fishes col-
lected at San Francisco, Cal., 127 ;
observations on fishes from the Pa-
cific, 128; characteristics of some
cartilaginous Fishes from the Pacific
coast of N. America, 195 ; on Fishes
collected on the coast of Chili, 195;
abstract of a report to Lieut. Gilliss.
upon R ptiles collected during the
U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedi-
tion to Chili, 202 ; observations on
viviparous fishes inhabiting the Pa-
cific coast of N. America, with an
enumeration of the species observed,
289 : By Dr. A. T. King, on the an-
cient Alluvium of the Ohio River and
its tributaries, 1 ; description of fos-
sil Trees found in the coal rocks near
Greensbuijjh, Pa., 35 ; description of
a fossil Fruit found in the carbonife-
rous rocks of Beaver county, Pa., 35 :
By Mr. Conrad, synopsis of the ge-
nera Parapholas and Penicilla, 2;
rectification of the generic names of
tertiary fossil Shells, 23; notes on
Shells with descriptions of new spe-
cies, 23 ; descriptions of new species
of Qnio, 256; observations on the
Eocene deposit of Mississippi, with
descriptions of new species of Shells
and Corals, 256; descriptions of new
cretaceous and tertiary fossils, 264 ;
descriptions of new species of cre-
taceous Shells from Texas, 264 ; de-
scription of a new species of Mela-
nia, 264 ; notes on the Miocene and
Post-Pliocene deposits of California,

INDEX.

V.

with descriptions of two new fossil
Corals, and description of a new spe-
cies of Pentamenis, 119 : By Major
Le Conte, notice of American Ani-
mals formerly known, but now for-
gotten or lost, 2 ; observations on
Vespertilio leporinus, and descrip-
tions of (our new species of Kinoster-
num, 174 ; descriptions of new spe-
cies of Astacus from Georgia ; on a
new species of Gelasimus ; remarks
on a new species of American Cimex,
399; observations on N. American
Bats; descriptive catalogue of Ra-
ninae, 419 ; description of a new spe-
cies of Hesperomys, 4 19 : By Isaac
Lea, rectification of Mr. T. A. Con-
rad's synopsis of the family Naiades
of N. America, published in Proc. A.
N. S. Philada., Feb., 1S53, 15; de-
scription of a new Mollusk from the
red sandstone, near Pottsville, Pa.,
346 : By Dr. Le Conte, descriptions
of some Coleoptera from Oregon,
collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper, &c,
15 ; synopsis of the CEdemeridae of
the V. States, 15 ; note on the genus
Amblychila, 23 ; synopsis of the spe-
cies of Platynus and allied genera
inhabiting the U. States, 34 ; synop-
sis of the Cucuiides of the U. States,
69 ; notes on some coleopterous In-
sects from the collections of the
Mexican Boundary Expedition, 70 ;
synopsis of Dermestida? of the TJ.
States, 91 ; synopsis of the Byrrhidae
of N. America, 91 ; synopsis of the
Erotylidce of the U. States, 128 ; de-
scriptions of the species of Trox and
Omorgus inhabiting the TJ. States,
202 ; descriptions of new Coleoptera
collected by Dr. Webb, of the U.
States Mexican Boundary Commis-
sion, in 1850-'2,2 f '3 ; synopsis of the
Pyrochroides of the U. States, 2C5 ;
synopsis of the Lathridiides of the TJ.
States and contiguous territories, 285;
analytical table of the species Hy-
droporus found in the TJ. States, with
descriptions of new species, 285;
notes on the Amaras of the TJ. States,
345 ; synopsis of the Hydrophilida? of
the TJ. States, 345: By Prof. Baird
and C. Girard, descriptions of new
species of Fishes, collected in Texas,
New Mexico and Sonora, by Mr.
Clark, and in Texas by Capt. Van
Vleit, U. S. A., 23 ; notice of a new
genus of Cyprinidas, 128: Bv Prof.
Baird, descriptions of new species of
N. A. Ranaeformes and Hylaeformes,

in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution, 34 ; descriptions of new
Birds collected between Albuquer-
que,New Mexico, and San Francisco,
Cal., 91 ; characteristicsof som new
species of N. American Mammalia,
collected chiefly during the U. S.
survej s of a railroad ronle to the Pa-
cific, part I., 336 ; characteristics of
some new species of N. American
Mammalia, collected by TJ. S. and
Mexican Boundary Survey under Ma-
jor Emory, TJ. S. A., 336": ByJ.W.
Dawson, on fossil coniferous Wood
from Prince Edward's Island, 35. By
W. Dudley, description of a new-
species of Crane found in Wisconsin,
35: By Lieut. Couch, TJ. S. A.,
notes on Birds observed in Texas
and in the States of Nueva Leon,
Tamaulipas and Coanuila, Mexico,
with descriptions of new species, 35 :
By Dr. Hallowell, descriptions of
new Reptiles from California, and on
a genus and species of Serpent from
Honduras, presumed to be new, 89 ;
remarks on the geographical distri-
bution of Reptiles, with descriptions
of several species supposed to be new,
and corrections of former papers, 90;
notices of new Reptiles from Texas,
174 ; contributions to South Ameri-
can Herpetology, 127: By Dr. W. P.
Gibbons, descriptions of new species
of viviparous Fishes of California, 90;
descriptions of new species of vivipa-
rous, marine and fresh-water Fishes
of California, 121 : By Drs. Evans
and B. Shumard, descriptions of new
fossil species from the cretaceous
formation of Sase Creek, Nebraska,
91 ; descriptions of new fossil species
from the fresh-water Tertiary forma-
tion of Nebraska, 127 : By Dr. Leidy,
synopsis of extinct Mammalia from
Nebraska, 127 ; description of a fos-
sil apparently indicating a species of
the Camel tribe, 167; on Urnatella
gracilis and a new species of Pluma-
tella, 174 ; notice of some fossil
Bones discovered on the banks of the
Ohio River, 195; remarks on the
identity of Bootherium cavifrons with
Ovibos moschatus, or O. maximus,
202 ; indications of twelve species of
fossil fishes, 395; contributions to a
knowledge of the marine Inverte-
brate fauna of the coasts of Rhode
Island and New Jersey, 399 ; indica-'
tions of five species and two new ge-
nera of extinct Fishes, 410 ; notices

VI.

INDEX.

of some Tape-worms, 419 : Ey M.
Tuorney, descriptions of new fossils
from the Southern States, 167 : By
James D. Dana, catalogue and de-
scriptions of Crustacea, collected in
California by Dr. Le Conte, 173: By
Dr. A. L. Heermann, additions to N.
American Ornithology, 173 : By A.
Durand and Theo. Hilgard, descrip-
tions of new plants from South Cali-
fornia, 174 : By J. E. Holbrook, M.
D., descriptions of Fishes of S. Caro-
lina, 174. By Joseph Jones, abstract
of experiments upon the physical in-
fluences exerted by living organic
and inorganic membranes upon che-
mical substances passing through
them by endosmosis, 174 : By John
Cassin, list of the species of Pigeons
of the genus Carpophagus, in the col-
lection of the A. N. S. and of the U.
S. Explo. Exped., with descriptions
of new and little known species, 203;
notes on N. American Falconidae,
with descriptions of new species, 265;
descriptions of new species of Birds
from W. Africa and Zanzibar, 289 :
description of a new species of Par-
rot, 415 ; notices on some new and
little known Birds in collection of
U. S. Explo. Ex'ped. in Vincennes
and Peacock, and in collection of A.
N. S., 419 : By Dr. Genth, Herrerite
identical with Srnithsonite, 203 ; an-
alysis of Meteoric Iron, from Tucson,
Mex., 288 : By Dr. Wetherill, Che-
mical notices, 203 : By Prof. Julien
Derby, remarks on the Cryptogamic
Flora of the State of Georgia, 256: By
Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, notice
of fossils from the carboniferous se- J
ries of the Western States, with de- j
scriptions of new species, 264: By Mr.
Durand, Plants Prattenianiae califor-
nicae with descriptions of Plants, new
or unpublished in America, 286: By
Dr. T. C. Henry, notes on the Birds
of New Mexico, 286: By W. R.
Blake, notice of remarkable strata of
the remains of Infusoria and Poly-
thalamia in the tertiary formation of
Monterey, Ca!., 336: By Wm. Stimp-
son, description of new Invertebrata
from the Chinese and Japanese seas,
345 and 385: By Dr. J. Aitken Meigs,
relation of Atomic heat to Crystal-
line form, 375 : By Jose del Solar, of
Lima, Peru, description of a new spe-
cies of Carica, 395 : By Prof. A . Ret-
zius, on artificially formed skulls

from the ancient world, 399 : By S.
Ashmead, catalogue of marine Aluae,
from Beesley's Point, N. J., with
some remarks, 409 : By Philip R.
Uhler, descriptions of some new spe-
cies of Coleoptera, 415 : By T. P.
James, an enumeration of Mosses
detected in the northern U. States,
which are not comprised in Gray's
Manual, some of which are new spe-
cies, 453.
Conrad, T. A., rectification of generic
names of tertiary fossil Shells, 29 ;
notes on Shells, with descriptions of
three recent and one fossil species,
31; descriptions of three new species
of Unio, 256 ; observations on the
Eocene deposit of Jackson, Miss.,
with descriptions of thirty-four new
species of Shells and Fossils, 257;
descriptions of eighteen new creta-
ceous and tertiary Fossils, &c, 265 ;
descriptions of one tertiary and eight
new cretaceous Fossils frm Texas,
in the collection of Major Emory,
268 ; description of a new species of
Me-lania, 269 ; note on the Miocene
and Post-Pliocene deposits of Cali-
fornia, with descriptions of two new
fossil Corals, 441 ; description of a
new species of Pentamerus, 441.
Cook, Mr., don. to mus., i.
Couch, Lieut. D. N., (J. S. A., descrip-
tions of new Birds of Northern
Mexico, 66.
Coultas, Harland, don. to lib., x.
Correspondents elected :

Adamson, Rev. Dr. J. C, 2S4.
Audubon, John W., 337.
Briicke, Prof. Ernest, 201.
Burnett, W. J., 67.
Couch, Lieut. D. N., TJ. S. A., 14.

Dearing, Dr. Wm. E., 165.

Dalton, Dr. John C, Jr., 337.
Doremy, Dr. R. O., 341.

Enderling, Dr. Chas., 22.
G. y Garcia, Jose A., 341 .

Hammond, Dr. Wm.A., U.S.A., 337.

Kirkwood, Prof. D., 67.

McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., U. S. A.,
284.

Motschulsky, Col. Victor, 126.

D'Oliveira, C. B., 341.

Pratten, Henry, 173.

Prout, Dr. Hiram A., 173,

Rathvon, S. S., 201.

Sandberser, Dr. Fredolen, 408.

Santos, C. A., 341.

Sandberger, Dr. Guido, 40S.

del Solar, Jose, 397.

INDEX.

VI 1.

Steiner, Dr. Lewis H., 454.
Suckley, Dr. George, U. S. A., 451.
Von Nordman, Alexander, 126.
Winslow, R. K., 201.
Wailes, Prof. B. L. C, 337.
Curators, report of for 1854, 252 ; for
1855, 450.

Da Costa, Dr., don. to lib., xxxviii. ;
remarks on a new process he has
lately employed in making minute
injections in anatomical preparations,
90.

Dana, James D., don. lo lib., xvi.,
xxviii. ; catalogue and descriptions
of Crustacea collected in California
by Dr. J. L. Le Conte, 175.

Dalton, Henry G., don. to lib., xxii.

De Candolle, Alph., don. to lib., xxxi.

Dawson, J. W., don. to lib., x., xxxii.;
on fossil coniferous Wood from Prince
Edward's Island, 62.

Darlington, Dr. VVm., don. to lib., iii.

Dietz, Dr. A. J., don. to mus., xiv.

Dowler, Bennett, don. to lib., xviii.

Dozy, F., don. to lib., xx.

Dock, Dr., don. to mus., xxi.

Drinker, Henry, don. to mus., xxxvii.

Duchaillu, Belloni, don. to mus., xiii.

Dudley, Wm., description of a new
species of Crane from Wisconsin, 64.

Durand, Mr., don. to mus., xxx.

Dundas, James, don. to mus., xi.

Dozy, F., and J. H. Molkenboer, don.
to lib., xxi.

Fisher, Dr. J. C, don. to mus., xi.,
xxiii., xxv.

Fisher, Thos., don. to mus., xxi.

Foulke, Wm. P., don. to mus., i. ; the
thanks of the Academy voted to, for
address delivered in commemoration
of the founding of the Institution,
33 ; remarks on a lecture by Mr.
Hugh Miller, republished in the U.
States, entitled " the Two Records
the Mosaic and the Geological,'' 69.

Franklin Institute, don. to lib., xvii.,
xxv., xxxiv.

Freeman, Dr. W. H., don, to mus..
xvi., xvii.; don. to lib., xxii.

Foetterle, Franz, don. to lib., xxix.

Fox, Rev. Chas., don. mus., xxxiii.

East India Company, Hon., don. to lib.,
xxxii.

Ecole des Mines, don. to lib., xxvii.,
xli.

Edwards, Amory, don. to mus., xi.

Emerson, Dr. G., don. to mus., vi.

Emmons, E., don. to lib., xxv.

Engleman, Dr. Geo., don. to lib., vi.

Evans and Shumard, descriptions of
new fossil species from the Creta-
ceous formation of Sage Creek, Ne-
braska, 163; descriptions of new fos-
sil species from the fresh water ter-
tiary formations of Nebraska, 164.

Entomological Society of Stettin, don.
to lib., xx., xxix.

Field, Roswell, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Geological Society of Germany, don. to
lib., ii., ix., xiii., xx., xxviii., xxix.,
xxxix.

Gilliss, Lieut., U. S. N., don. to lib.,
xxxix., xli.

Gillette, F. B., don. to mus., xxxvii.
,' Gould, Aug. A., don. to lib., xli.

Grateloup, Dr., don. to lib., xl.

Garcia, Jose Ant. G. y, don. to lib., xli.

Girard, Chas., don. to lib., vi., x.,
xviii., xxv., xxix. ; on a new Ento-
mostracan of the family Limnadidae,
inhabiting the western waters, 3 ;
notice of a new species of Salmonidae
from the N. E. part of the U. States,
85; a list of the N. American Bu-
fonids, with diagnoses of new species,
86 ; descriptions of new Fishes col-
lected by Dr. Heermann on the Pacific
railroad route, 129 ; enumeration of
the species of Fishes collected by Dr.
Kennerly at San Francisco, Cal., 141;
observations on a collection of Fishes
made on the Pacific coast of the U.
States by Lieut. Trowbridge, U.S.A.,
142 ; characteristics of some carti-
laginous Fishes of the Pacific coast
of N. America, 196 ; abstract of a
report to Lieut. Gilliss, U. S. N.,
upon the Fishes collected during the
U. States Naval Astronomical Ex-
ped. to Chili, 197 ; abstract of a re-
port to Lieut. Gilliss, U.S. N., upon
the Reptiles collected during the U.
S. Naval Astronomical Exped. to
Chili, 226 ; notice upon viviparous
Fishes inhabiting the Pacific coast of
N. America, with an enumeration of
the species observed, 318.

Gibbons, Dr. W. P., don. to mus., vii.;

Vlll.

INDEX.

Descriptions of new species of vivi- j
parous Fishes of California, 105 ; des-
criptions of new species of marine
ami fresh-water Fishes of California,
122.

Gilliams, Wm., don. to mus., xiv.

Genth, Dr., Herrerite identical with
Smithsonite, 232 ; analysis of the me-
teoric Iron from Tucson, province of
Sonora, Mexico, 317.

Geological Society of London, don. to
lib., ii., vii., xi., xv., xxv.

Geolog. and Polytech. Soc. of AV. R.
Yorkshire, don. to lib., vii.

Gibbes, Dr. Robert W., don. to mus.,
xxvi.

Goddard, Dr., don. to mus., vii., xi.

Gouhenaut, A., don. to mus.,xi.

Gray, Asa, don. to lib., ii., iii., xviii.

Guex, John A., don. to mus., xiii.,
xvii., xxxvii.

Gillou, Constant, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Haldeman, Prof., don. to mus., vii. ;
remarks on the Limnadella described
by Mr. Girard, 34.

Hall, Jas., don. to lib., iii.

Hallowell, Dr. Edward, don. to mus.,
xvii., xxvi.; descriptions of new Rep-
tiles from California, 91 ; on a genus
and species of Serpent from Hondu-
ras, supposed to be new, 97 ; remarks
on the geographical distribution of
Reptiles, with descriptions of new
species, &c, 98; notice of new Rep-
tiles from Texas, 192 ; description
of new Reptiles from Guinea, 193.

Hallowell and Leidy, Dis., don. to
mus., xxxvii.

Hanson, H. C, don. to lib., xv., xx.

Hare, Lieut. G. H., U. S. N., don. to
mus., xvii.

Harrison, Joseph, Sen., don. to mus.,
xxi. ; vote of thanks of the A. N. S.
to, for portraits presented, 255.

Hartman,Dr. W. D., don. to mus., vii.,

Hammond, Dr. W. A., U. S. A., don.
to mus., xxxiii.,

Harris, Edward, don. to mus., xxxiii.

Harrison, N., don. to mus., xxxvii.

Hauer, M. Von, don. to lib., xl.

Heermann, Dr. A. L., don. to mus.,
vii., xi., xiv.,xxxii.; additions to N.
American Ornithology, with descrip-
tions of new species of the genera
Actidurus, Pociiceps and Podylym-
bus, 177.

Hamilton, Wm., don. to mus.. vii.

Henry, Dr. T. Charlton, U. S. A., notes
derived from observations made on
the Birds of New Mexico, during the
years 1853-4, 306.

Hering, C. T., don. to mus., xxxii.

Hist. Soc. of Penna., don. to lib., viii.

Horner, Dr., don. to mus., xxv.

Horwitz, Dr. J., U. S. N., don. to mus..
iv.

Hughes, J. C, don. to mus., xxxvii.

Humboldt, Alexander, don. to lib., ix.

Imperial Acad, of Sci. of Bordeaux,

don. to lib., vi., ix., xxxv.
Imperial Soc. of Nat. of Moscow, don.

to lib., iii., ix., xxxix.
Imperial Soc. of Nat. Sci. of Cherbourg,

don. to lib., v., xxxv.
Imperial Soc. of Sci. of Lyons, don< to

lib., xxxix.
Imperial Soc. of Agriculture of Lyons,

don. to lib., xxxix.

James, Thos. P., an enumeration of
Mosses detected in the northern U.
States, which are not comprised in
the Manual of Asa Gray, M.D., some
of which are new species, 444.

Jones, Joseph, don to mus., xi., xxxiii.,
xxxvi., xxxvii.; an abstract of expe-
riments upon the physical influences
exerted by living organic and inor-
ganic membranes upon chemical sub-
stances passing through them by En-
dosmose, 204.

Jolis, M. Auguste de, don. to lib., v.

Journal of Indian Archipelago and East-
ern Asia, don. of, by Editors, i. vii.,
xv., xx., xxv., xxxv.

Kennedy, Dr. H. W.. don. to mus.,iv.,
ix., xxx.

Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., xiv.,
xvi. xxvi.

Kirtland, Prof., don. to mus., xi., xiv.

King, Dr. Alfred T., on the ancient al-
luvium of the Ohio River and its Trib-
utaries, 4 ; Description of Fossil
Trees in the coal rocks near Greens-
burg, Pa., 64; Description of Fossii
Fruit found in the Carboniferous
Rocks of Beaver County, Pa., 66.

Koninck, L. de, and H. Le Hon. don. to
lib., xxvii.

Kolliker, A., don. to lib. xxi.

INDEX.

IX.

fvrider, John, don. to mus., i., iv.. xxvi.
Kuhn, Carl, don. to lib., xxi.

Lacordaire, Theo., don. to lib., ix.;
xxvii.

Lambert, John, don. to mus., i., vii.,
xxxiii.

Lapham, J. A., don. to lib., xv., xxix.,
xxxii.

Latour, M. H., don. to lib., xv.

Latrobe, J. H. B., don. to lib., xxiv.

Latham, G., don. to mus., xxxiii.

Lawson, the Misses, don. to lib., xxxv.

Lea, Isaac, don. to mus., i., vii., xiii.,
xiv., xxx. ; don. to lib., xii., xxii.;
xxiv., xxvii., xxxiv. ; remarks on
Acostaea guarduasana of D : Orbigny,
1 ; rectification of Mr. T. A.Conrad's
" Synopsis of the family Naiades of
N. America," published in the Pro-
ceedings of the A. N. S. of Philada.,
Feb., 1853, 236 ; reference to the
tanned skin of the Walrus, used for
polishing cutlery, at Hull, England,
265 ; description of a new Mollusk,
from the Red Sandstone near Potts-
ville,Pa., 340.

Le Conte, Major, don.to mus.,xxxvii. ;
notice of American animals formerly
known, but now forgotten or lost, 8 ;
remarks on Magnolia Pyramidata of
Bartram, 174 ; descriptions of four
new species of Kinosternum, 180;
Catalogue of American Testudinata,
189 ; observations on the Vespertilio
Leporinus of Lin., 190 ; descriptions
of new species of Astacus from Geor-
gia, 400 ; on a new species of Gelasi-
mus, 402 ; remarks on two species of
American Cimex, 404 : Descriptive
Catalogue of the Ranina of the U.
States, 423 ; observations on the N.
American species of Bats, 431; des-
cription of two new species of Hes-
peromys, 442.
Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to mus.,
i., vi., xiv. ; don. to lib., ii. ; descrip-
tions of some new Coleoptera from !
Oregon, collected by Dr. J. G. Coop- j
er, on N.Pacific R. R. route, 16;
synopsis of the CEdemerida? of the U.
States, 20 ; note on the genus Ambly-
chila, Say, 32 ; synopsis of the species j
of Platynus and allied genera inhabit-
ing the U. S., 35 ; remarks on a frag-
ment of the jaw of a new Pachyderm
from the Tertiary of Virginia, 69 ;
synopsis of the Cucuiides of the U. j
S., 73 ; synopsis of the Dermestidae

of the U. S., 106; synopsis of the
Byrrhidae of the U. S., 113 ; synopsis
of the Erotylidae of the U. S., 158;
descriptions of the species of Trox
and Omorgus inhabiting the U. S.,
211 ; some corrections in the Nomen-
clature of Coleoptera found in the U.
S., 216 ; descriptions of new Coleop-
tera collected by Thos. H. Webb, M.
D., in 1850-1-2, while Sec'y to the
U. S. Boundary Commission, 220 ; re-
marks on tailless Cats, 286; remarks
on some misrepresentations contained
in the " Catalogue des larves des
Coleopteres,' J by M. M. Chapinsand
Candeze, 288; Analytical Table of
the species of Hydroporus, found in
the IJ. S., with descriptions of new
species, 290; synopsis of Lathridiide
of the (J. S. and northern contiguous
Territories, 299: notes on the Amara>.
of the [J. S., 345 ; synopsis of the
Hydrophilida? of the TJ. S.,^356.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Soc,
don. to lib., vii.

Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don v to mus., i., vi..
xiv., xxi., xxiii., xxx., xxxiii. ; don.
to lib., xviii., xxxi., xxxviii. ; re-
marks on exhibiting to the Society
four vertebrae of a huge extinct Sau-
rian from Arkansas, for which he pro-
posed the name of Brimosaurus gran-
dis, 72 ; remarks on Sus Americanus
of Harlan, or Harlanus Americanus
of Owen, which he considered identi-
cal with Bison latifrons, 89 ; remark-
on several fossils indicating new
species of extinct mammalia, 90 ; re-
marks on the dentition of a new-
species of mammal from Nebraska,
which he characterized under the
name of Dinictis felina, 127 ; re-
marks on Prof. Lindley's review o!
"A Flora and Fauna within living
animals," 128; synopsis of Extinct
Mammalia, the remains of which
have been discovered in the Eocene
formation of Nebraska, 156 ; descrip-
tion of a fossil apparently indicating
an extinct species of the Camel tribe.
172 ; on Urnatella gracilis and a new
species of Plumatella, 191 ; notice of
Fossil Bones discovered by Mr. F. A.
Lincke, on the banks of the Ohio
river, 199; remarks on exhibiting a
drawing of a species of Hydraena
found in the mantle of Unio purpu-
reus, 202 ; remarks on the question
of the identity of Bootherium Cavi-
frons with Ovibus moschatus, or O.

X.

INDEX.

maximus, 209; remarks on the so-
called Fossil man exhibited in New
Orleans several years since, 340 ;
indications of twelve species of Fos-
sil Fishes, 395 ; indications of five
species with two new genera of Ex-
tinct Fishes, 414 ; remarks on Esca-
rina variabile, 415; notices on some
Tape worms, 443.
Letters from Individuals :
Adamson, Rev. J. C, 339.
Bernsee, Capt., 287.
Borda, Eugene,202.
Brucke, Prof. Ernest, 285.
Carpenter, G. W., 34.
Couch, Lieut. D. M., 15.
Dalton, John C, Jr., 203.

Dalton, Dr. H. G., 264.

Deane, Dr., 287.

Dearing, Dr. W. E., 256.

Dock, Geo., 23, 255.

Dowler, Dr. Bennett, 202.

Dos Santos, C. A., 418.

Drinker, Sandwith, 167, 174.

Enderling, Dr. Charles, 35.

Flujjel, Dr. J. G., 195.
Foulke, Wm. P., 22.

Fox, Rev. Chas., 121.

Gibbons, Dr. W. P., 15, 90, 345.

Garcia, J. A., G. y., 419.

Hare, Lieut. G. H., 202.

Harrisom, Joseph, Jr., 255.

Hagedorn, C. F., 385.

Humphreys, W., 339.

Huston, Dr. M. H., 89.

Kennedy, H. W., 345. "

King, Byron, 339.

Kirtland, Prof. J. P., 174.

Kuntz, G. H., 23.

Landes, John, 202.

Lea, Isaac, 1.

Le Conte, Prof. John, 1.

McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., 287.

Michellotti, Giovanni, 121.

Moore, Samuel, 418.

Molkenboer, Dr. J. H., 203.

Muller, Baron J. W., von, 1 .

Peale, Chas. Wilson, 419.

Piddington, Henry, 285.

Prout, Dr. Hiram, 285.

Pratten, Henry, 174.

Rathvon, S. S., 202.

Ruschenberger, Dr., 286.

Sandberger, Dr. Guido, 415.

Sauvalle, F. A., 409.

Smith, Prof. J. L., 22.

Tarbe, Prosper, Pres. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Rheims, 339, 340.

Vernueil,Ed. de, 287.

Vauquelin, M., 15.

Wailes, Prof. B. L. C.,202.
Wetherill, Mrs. M. K., 15.
Wilson, Prof. J. L., 167.
Letters from Societies, &c.

Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curiosorum,
255, 344.

Acad, of Science of Berlin, 415.

Acad, of Naturalists of Breslau, 34.
128.

Amer. Ethnolog. Soc, 126.

Amer.Philosoph. Society, 23, 69, 89,
289, 345.^

Belfast Royal Hist. Soc, 89.

Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., 339, 341.

British Museum, 203, 419.

California Acad. Nat. Sci., 173, 385.

Entomolog. Soc. of Stettin, 339.

Geolog. Soc of London, 289, 339.

Imperial Soc of Sci. &c of Lisle, 285.

Imperial Acad, of Sci. of Bordeaux,
409.

Imperial Royal Institute of Sci. of
Milan, 409.

Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos-
cow, 15, 70, 399, 418.

Leipsic City Library, 202.

Linnean Soc. of London, 339.

Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of New York,
23, 167, 173, 285.

Minister of Public Works and Direct,
of Mines of France, 419.

Museum of Nat. Hist, of Strasburg,
127.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Prussian Rhine-
land and Westphalia, 203,419.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Halle, 15.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Geneva, 255.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Dantzic, 339.

N. York State Library, 15, 89, 127,
173, 202, 285, 348, 3S5.

Penna. Slate Library, 89, 121.

Portland Soc. of Nat. Hist., 69, 70.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Stockholm,
23, 70, 255, 409.

Royal Saxon Soc. of Sci., 88, 415.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Vienna, 88,
195, 203,339, 345,399.

Royal Bavarian Acad., 126,203, 339.
899.

Royal Imp. Geolog. Inst, of Vienna.
128,418.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Belgium, 174.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Liege, 195.

Royal Acad, of Sci. of Amsterdam,
202, 419.

Royal Soc of Sci. of Gottingen, 203,
399.

Royal Lib. of University of Gottin-
gen, 341.

Royal Soc of Sci. of TJpsala, 399.

INDEX.

XI.

Royal Mineralogical Soc. of St. Pe-
tersburg, 399.
Royal Danish Soc. of Sci., 409.
Royal Acad, of Sci., &c of Lyons,

418.
Royal Soc. of Agriculture, &c, of

Lyons, 418.
Smithsonian Institution, 70, 121, 2S5,

385.
Soc. of Nat. Hist, of Cherburg, 34,

409.
Soc. of Arts and Sciences of Batavia,

341, 415.
Wurtemburg Nat. Hist. Soc, 255,

345
Zoological Soc. of London, 264.
Lewis, E. J., don. to lib., xxiv.
Lewis, Dr. Samuel, don. to mus.,

xxxvii.
Lindsley, Dr. Berrian, don. to lib., vi.
Lichtenstein, Dr. H., don. to lib., xiii.
Liner, Dr., U. S.-N., don. to mus., xxv.
Linnean Soc. of London, don. to lib.,

xxviii.
Lombardy Inst, of Sci., &.c, don. to

lib., xxxv.
Long. Dr.E., don., to mus., vii.
Librarian, Report of, for 1854, 252 ;
for 1855, 449. .

Martins, Chas. and B. Gastaldi, don. to

lib., xvi.
Mayer, Prof., don. to lib., xxi.
McCall, Col. Geo. A., don. to mus., i.,

xiv., xvii., xxiii.
McClellan, Capt. Geo. B., don. to mus.,

xxvi.
McMurtrie, R. C., don. to mus., xxxiii.
Meigs, Dr. Charles D., don. to mus., vi.
Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, revised edition

of the "Catalogue of Human Crania,"

in the collection of the late Dr. S. G.

Morton, 420.
Mitchell, Messrs. E. & J. M., and L.

Brognard, don. to mus., xxx.
Merrick, John, don. to mus., xi.
Miller, Edward, don. to mus., xxiii.
Michelin, H., don. to lib., xxviii.
Mitchell, Dr. S. W., don. to mus., i.
Mitchell, Dr. J. K., don. to mus., xvii.
Morris, Dr. J. Cheston, don. to mus.,

xxx.
Morris, Rev. John D., don. to lib.,

xxxi.
Moore, Wm., don. to mus , xxxiii.
Moss, T. F., don. to mus., xi.
Motchoulsky, Victor, don. to lib., iii.
Miiller, Baron J. W. de, don. to lib., ii.

Muller, Dr. T. D., don. to mus., i.
Murray, Andrew, don. to mus., xxxii.
Members elected :

Barcroft, Stacey B., 395.
Barton, Isaac, 285.

Borda, Eugene, 173.

Brown, Dr. Robt. F., 418.

Cadwalader, Wm.,285.

Clements, Dr. Richard, 395.

Dock, Dr. Geo., 22.

Drysdale, Dr. Thos. M., 339.

Fassit, Francis, 201.

Freeman, Dr. Wm., 254.

Geylin, Emile, 173.

Gillou, Constant, 34.

Guex, John A., 201.

Hartshorne, Dr. Henry, 337.

Harrison, Joseph, 165.

Harding, George, 22.

Hagedorn, C. F., 397.

Hering, C. J., 408.

Hilgard, Dr. Theo., 337.

Howell, Samuel D., 418."

Humphreys, G. H., 408

Hooper, Dr. Wm. H., 254.

Hunt, Dr. Wm., 264.

Laroche, Rene, Jr., 414.

Lewis, Dr. Samuel, 414.

Luther, Dr. Diller, 337.

Mallery, Garrick, 165.

Mcllhenny, Dr. Wm. S., 88.

Merrick, J. V., 67.

Messchert, M., 337.

Moore, Dr. Samuel, 418.

Morris, Dr. J. Cheston, 337.

Negus, Jas. Engle, 34.

Newbold, Dr. Thos., 201.

Pennypacker, Dr. Isaac, 173.

Piatt, Clayton I., 34.

Rogers, Fairman, 22.

Rush, Madison, U. S. N., 384.

Smith, J. Brinton, 126.

Smyth, Samuel, 3S4.

Spackman, Rev. Henry S., 395

Taggert, J. Edwards, 337.

Tiedemann, Henry, 395.

Turner, Dr. J. W., U. S. N., 22.

Tyson, Job R., 88.

Vanderkemp, Dr. J. J., 67.

West, Hilborne, 408.

Woodward, Dr. J. J., 384.

National Institute, Washington, don. ro
lib., xxviii.

Nat. Hist. Asso. of Prussian Rhine-
land and Westphalia, don. to lib.,
xx., xxxix.

Nat. Hist. Soc. of Halle, don. to lib., ii.

XH.

INDEX.

New Orleans Med. and Surg. Journ.,' Rand, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., vi.,
don. of, by Editors, ix., xii., xvi., ! xvii. ; don. to lib., iii., xxvii.,
xxii. xxxiii. ; remarks on presenting a

specimen of Uranite from the W.
Banks of the Schuylkill River near
Fairmount, 286 ; remarks on a speci-
men of Cyanide and Nitride of Tita
nium, from the salamander of a blast
furnace, at Spring Mill, 409.
Rand, Theo. W., don. to mus., xxiii.
Rank, Wm., don. to mus., xxxiii.
Ravenel, A. H., don. to mus., xxxi.,

New York Journ. of Med., don. of, by

Editors, i., v., viii.
New York Lyceum of Nat. Hist., don.

to lib., viii.
New York State Library, don. to lib.,

x., xxxi.
New York Med. Times, don. of, by

Editors, xxiv., xxv., xxxviii.
New York Inst, for the Blind, don. to

lib., xxiv.
New York Quarterly, don. of, by Edi-
tors, xxiv., xxxi.
Norwood, J. G. & H. Pratten, don. to

lib., xxxii.
Nott, Dr. J. C, don. to lib., xl.
Nott, Dr. J. C. & G. R. Gliddon, don.

to lib., vi.

Orficers elected for 1854,253; for 1855,
453.

Ord, George, don. to mus., xiv., xxvi.
Remarks on the project of erecting
a Mo nm ent to the memory of
Alexandpr Wilson, at Paisley,
Scotland, 415.

Owen, Richard, don. to lib., xxxi.

Patent Office of the U. S., don. to lib.,

xv., xxxiv.
Patterson, Wm., don. to mus.,xxi.
Penna. Hist. Soc, don. to lib., xxii.
Penna. State Legis. Library of, don. to

lib., xxiv.
Pickering, Dr. Charles, don. to lib., v.
Piddington, H., don. to lib., ix., xxviii.
Pierce, H., don. to mus., xxxvii.
Portland Soc. of Nat Hist. A complete

sett ot the Publications of the A. N.

S., of Philada., presented to, 34.
Powel, Samuel, don. to mus., xxiii.
Powell, J. E., communication on the

habits of the Moose, as observed in

the State of Maine, 342.
Power, A. E., don. to mus., xxx.
Pratten, Henry, don. to mus., xiv.,

xvi.
Pryor, Dr. Charles, don. to mus., xi.
Pottsville Sci. Association, don., to lib. ,

xxviii.

Quevenne, M., don. to lib., ix., xxxii.
Quesnet, Edward, don. to lib., xl.

xxxii., xxxix.

Retzius, Prof. A., on artificially formed
skulls from the ancient world, 405.

Redfield, Wm. C, don. to lib., xv.

Rice, Wm., don. to mus., iv.

Riddle, Dr. J. M., don. to lib., xxi.

Ritchie, Capt. J. H., don. to mus., i.

Robeson, A., don. to mus., vi.

Royal Acad, of Science of Turin, don.
to lib., xxxv.

Royal Acad., of Science of Madrid, don.
to lib., xxxv.

Royal Acad, of Science of Stockholm,
don. to lib., ix.

Royal Acad, of Science of Vienna, don.
to lib., ix., xii., xx., xxvi., xxix.,
xxxiv.

Royal Acad, of Science of Amsterdam,
don. to lib., xviii., xxxix.

Royal Imperial Geological Inst, of Vi-
enna, don. to lib., ix., x,, xxvii.,
xxix., xxxix.

Royal Inst, ot Science of Lombardy,
don. to lib., xxxv.

Royal Saxon Soc. of Science at Leipzig,
don. to lib., ix., xxxix.

Royal Soc of Science of Gottingen,
don. to lib., xxxiii.

Royal Society of Edinburgh, don. to
lib., iii., xxvii., xxxv.

Royal Netherlands Inst, of Science,
don. to lib., v.

Royal Soc. of Liege, don. to lib., xxiii.

Ruschenberger, Dr., don. to mus., i>,
vii., xxiii-, xxxvii. ; don. to lib.,
viii., x.

Reports of Committees :

On Mr. Girard's paper on an Entomo-
stracan, 3 ; nominating Wm. P.
Foulke, Esq. to deliver an Oration on
the Anniversary (1854) of the So-
ciety, 14 ; in favor of the expediency
of assembling the members at an
Anniversary Dinner, (1854) 14 ; on
publication of Part 4, Vol. 2, N. S.
of the Journal, 22 ; on two papers by
Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, of the
Illinois Geological Survey, on new

IM-EX.

Mil.

species of Producti and on new sp- 3
cies of Chonetes, 121 ; on Dr. Hallo
well's contributions to S. American
Herpetology, 165; on Dr. Holbrook's
Description of Fishes of Florida,
195 ; to prepare a memorial to Con-
gress soliciting aid to Dr. Kane and
his companions in their Arctic perils,
255 ; on Messrs. Norwood and Prat-
ten's Notices of Fossils from the
Carboniferous series of the Western
States, 284 ; on Prof. Julien Derby's
Remarks on the Cryptogamic Flora
of the State of Georgia, 284 ; on Mr.
i'urand's paper, " Plantse Pratteni-
aniae," &c, 336; on Dr. J. Aitken
Meigs's paper entitled Relation of
Atomic Heat to Crystalline foim,
395; of Committee appointed in
1852, to collect funds for the enlarge-
ment and improvement of the Hall of
the Aead. Nat. Science of Philada.,
447 ; of Committee appointed in
J 853, to superintend the enlargement
of the Hall of the A. N. S., 449: on
Mr. Cassin's Description of a new
species of Parrot, 418.
Resolutions ; to present the thanks of
of the Society to Mr. John A.
Guex for a collection of Coleopterous
Insects, 195 ; To present a copy of
the " Proceedings " of the Academy
to the Nat. Hist. Soc. of Schuylkil
Co., Pa., 201 , to appoint a Commit-
tee to draft a memorial to Congress
to send an Expedition for the relief
of Dr. Kane and his companions in
the Arctic regions, 253 ; relative to
a proposal made by the Board of Re-
gents of the Smithsonian Institution
to change the system of Administra-
tion of said Board, 284 ; inviting The
members of the American Med. Asso.
to visit the Museum of the Academy,
289 ; appointing a Committee to re-
ceive the members of the American
Med. Asso., 336; on the occasion of
Mr. George Ord's visit to Europe,
336; granting privilege of giving
tickets of admission to the Muse-
um, to Mrs. Margaret Harlan, 341;
presenting the thanks of the Academy
to Senor S. A. Sauvalle of Havana,
for a donation of Shells, 409; pre-
senting a se't of the Proceedings of
the A. N. S., as far as published, to
Prince Charles L. Bonaparte, 422 ;
to invite the Educational Convention
about to assemble in Philadelphia, to
visit the Museum of the Academy,
422.

Sauvalle, F. A., don. to mus., xxxiii.

Sandberger, Dr. G., don. to lib., x.

Saussure, H. F. de, don. to lib., xv,,
xxiv.

Secretary, Corresponding, Report of, for
1854,264; for January, 1855,264.

Secretary, Recording, Report of, for
1854,249.

Sergeant, J. D., don. to mus., i., iv.,
xiv., xxxvii.

Sampson, Jas., don. to mus., xxiii., de-
scriptions of some new Marine In-
vertebrata, 385.

Silliman, Prof. B. Jr., on the supposed
Human Footprints in the new Red
Sandstone ot Connecticut, 409.

Shaw, Dr. A., don. to mus.,xiii

Situreaves, Capt. L., don. to lib., x.

Smith, Aubrey H., don. to mus., xiv.

Smith, Charles S., don. to mus., xvii.

Smith, Dr. F. G., don. to lib., xv.

Smith, Dr. L., don. to mus., iv.

Smith, C. E., don. to mus., xxvi.

Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus.,
iv., xxiii., xxxvii. ; don. to lib., vi.,
xii., xvi-, xvii., xviii., xxxiv.

Society of Nat. Hist, of Strasburir, don.
to lib., xiii.

Society of Nat. Hist, and Phys. of Ge-
neva, don. to lib., xii.

Society of Arts, London, don. to lib.,
vii., xx., xxii., xxiii., xxviii., xxxvi.

Societe Zoologique d' Acclimatation,
don. to lib., xxv.

Society of Nat. Hist, of Neufchate], don.
to lib., xl.

Speakman, John, decease of, 23.

Squire, E., don. to lib., xviii., xxix.

Stevens, Henry, don. to lib., xx.

Stimpson, W., Descriptions of some
new Marine Invertebrata from the
Chinese and Japanese seas, 375.

Stauffer, J., don. to lib., i.

Storer, D. H., don. to lib., xvii.

Sullivant, W. S., don. to lib., iii.

Tasgert, Dr. W. H., don. to mus.,
xxxiii.

Tappan, Rev. H. P., don. to lib., iii.

Thomas, Prof. W. H. D.,don. to mus-,
xxi.

Thompson, Zadock,don. to lib. x.

Tingley, Dr. W. H., don. to lib., ix.

Torrey, Dr. John, don. to lib., x.

Tuomey, M., Descriptions of new Fos-
sils from the Cretaceous Rocks of the
southern States, 167.

Trask, Dr. J. B., don. to lib., xxviii.

Trautwine, John C, don. to lib., xxiv

X1Y.

INDEX.

Troschel, Dr. F. H., don. to lib., ix.,

xx., xxiii., xxvii., xxix.
Trowbridge, Lieut. W. P., U. S. A.,

don. to mus., xv.

Uhler, Philip R., Descriptions of a few

species of Coleoptera supposed to be

new, 415.
University of the State of New York,

don. to lib., viii., ix., xxxi.
United States National Observatory,

don. to lib., xxii.

Van Beneden, Prof. P. J., don. to lib.,

xiii.
Vaux, W. S., don. to mus., i., iv., vi.,

xvii., xviii., xxiii., xxvi.
Vaux, Elwyn, Clay and Carpenter,

Messrs., don. to lib., xxiv.
Virginia Med. and Surg. Journ., don. by

Editors, i., iii., v., viii., x., xii., xv.,

xvi., xxi., xxii., xxiv., xxv., xxviii.,

xxxi., xxxii,, xxxiv., xxxv.,xxxix.
Wailes, B. L. C., don. to mus., xxv.;

don. to lib., xxii.
Warren, Dr. J. C, don. to lib., ix. xxxi.
Warder, Prof., don. to lib., xxi.
Watson, Dr. G., don. to mus., i., iv.,

xvii., xxiii., xxvi.
Wheatley, Charles M., don. to mus.,

vi., xxvi., xxx.

Wetherill, Dr. C. M., don. to lib., xv.,
xxxi. ; remarks on the action of char-
coal on animal substances in promot-
ing their rapid destruction, 203 ;
Chemical notices, 233.

Weitenweber, Dr., don. to lib., ix.

Whit""" ^ ^ nr - + n , " 1 * " ****

Yeates, J., don. to mus., vii.

Zantzinger, Dr. W. S., don. to mus., i.
Zantedeschi, Ab. Francesco, Cav., don.

to lib., xl.
Zoological Garden of Amsterdam, don.

to lib., xxxiv.

PROCEEDINGS

or THE

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

OF PHILADELPHIA.

January 3d y 1854.
Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Baron J. W. Yon Miiller, dated Brussels, Nov. 23d, 1853,
transmitting the works announced this evening, and also making en-
quiries respecting the feasibility of establishing a Zoological Garden in
Philadelphia.

From Prof. John Le Conte, of Athens, Georgia, acknowledging the
receipt of his notice of election as a Correspondent.

From Mr. Isaac Lea, dated Philadelphia, Dec. 30th, 1853, returning
acknowledgments for his election as a Vice-President of the Academy.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled
" On a new Entomostracan of the family Limnadidae, inhabiting the
Western waters. By Charles Girard." Beferred to Drs. Leidy, Bridges
and Buschenberger.

A paper intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled " On
the Ancient Alluvium of the Ohio Biver and its Tributaries, by Alfred
T. King, M. D.," was read and referred to Mr. Vaux, Mr. Lea, and Dr.
Buschenberger.

Mr. Lea exhibited to the Academy a specimen of D'Orbigny's Acostcea giia-
d/casa?ia, which he owed to the kindness of that distinguished zoologist, during
Mr. Lea's visit to Paris last year. This genus he reminded the members was
identical with the Mulleria of Ferussac, as he formerly suggested, and was
afterwards satisfied to be the case on seeing the original specimen, described by
Ferussac in 1823, which is now in the fine collection of Mr. Delesert in Paris.
Mr. Lea stated that although the specimen figured by D'Orbigny had quite a
length of stem connecting the young portion of the shell, the Anodonta form,
with the mature portion, the Ostrea form, yet this was not necessarily or uni-
formly so. In the case of his own specimen this was very different. It hap-
pened, as is sometimes the case with the genus Ostrea, a. dead valve was filled up
by a subsequent living individual ; and on close examination, there were really dis-
covered to exist two specimens of the Anodontiform age ; one on the old single
valve at one end, and another on the reverse end appertaining to the living speci-
men, having the epidermis on it perfect. Neither of these specimens had a stem,

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. I. 1

2 [January;

but advanced directly from the form of the Anodonta to that of the Ostrea,
leaving the young beaks directly on the edjje of the valves. Mr. Lea thought
that the difference of length of the stem, or the absence of it in various specimens
arose from the fact of the young individual finding sooner or later something
solid to commence the soldering of the under valve to, and then to spread out
the area of the valve.

On motion, so much of the communication of the Baron Von Milller'
as relates to the establishment of a Zoological Garden in this city was
referred to the following Committee : Mr. Ord, Mr. Vaux and Dr.
Bridges.

January 17 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from Capt. John H. Ritchie, U. S. N., dated Phila-
delphia, Jan. 10th, 1854, accompanying the donations to the Museum
acknowledged at last meeting.

Also a letter from J. Pemberton Hutchinson, Esq., dated Philadel-
phia, Jan. 16th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of elec-
tion as a Member.

Mr. Conrad presented for publication in the Journal, a Synopsis of
the Genera Parapholas and Penicilla ; which was referred to Dr. Ruschen-
berger, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. J. A. Meigs.

Mr. Lea exhibited a large and beautiful crystal of limpid quartz, cut
into facets, which he had obtained in Italy.

On leave granted, the Committee, to which was referred Baron
Miiller's communication relative to the establishment of a Zoological Gar-
den in this city, presented a report adverse to the same, the Committee
being firmly impressed with the opinion that the project would not succeed,
from " the difficulty of procuring a suitable locality, of convenient access,
within the city or its precincts ; the great amount of capital required in
the outset of the undertaking, and the precarious nature of the tenure,
in this country, of all that depends upon popular favor."

The Report was adopted, and a copy directed to be transmitted to
Baron Miiller.

January %4:ih.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Major Le Conte presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Notice of American Animals formerly known, but now for-
gotten or lost." Referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr.
Henderson.

On leave granted, Mr. Foulke, after stating that it was probable the
U. S. Government would fit out shortly an Expedition for the explora-
tion of Africa, suggested the appointment of a Committee to urge
upon the Government the propriety of having Naturalists attached to
the Expedition. Whereupon on motion the following was adopted :

Resolved j That a Committee of five members be appointed, whose duty

1854.] 3

it shall be to take such steps as they may deem expedient to recommend
to the Government the scientific exploration of Africa.

Committee, Dr. Ruschenberger, Dr. Leidy, Mr. Lea ; Prof. Carson
and Dr. Hallowell.

Junuary 31 si.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.
The Committees to which were referred the following papers, severally
reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings :

On a new Entomostracan, of the family LimnadidjE, inhabiting the Western

waters.

By Charles Girard.

LIMNADELLA, n. g.

Gen. Char. Eye one. Antennae subequal, provided upon their inferior side
with long and plumose setae, whilst on the upper side there are short, slender
and simple spines. Two elongated tape-shaped jaws. Eeet in twenty-lour
pairs, provided upon their extremities and sides with slender and plumose setae,
or hairs. A series of spiny processes along the posterior half of the dorsal line.
Post abdominal plate very large. Nutritive system phlebenteric.

Observations. This genus diners from Limnadia in being provided with one
eye only, instead of two. Also by its antennae, the two pairs of which are
similar in structure, whilst in Limnadia one pair is smaller than the other. The
post abdominal plate and number of feet will afford other distinguishing charac-
ters between Limnadella and Limnadia. From Cyzicus or Estheria it differs,
first, by the structure of the shell, which in Estheria resembles that of an Area,
whilst, in Limnadella, it is altogether Cyproid in its general aspect. There
is a marked difference between these two types in the structure of the an-
tennae, the joints of which are provided on their upper part with numerous spines
in Limnadella, whilst in Cyzicus there is but one single spine at the anterior
edge. The structure of the feet is likewise dissimilar, being furnished with
plumose setae in Limnadella.

Limnadella Kitet, n. sp.

Spec. Char. Shell : elongated, subelliptical, thickest anteriorly ; twice as
long as deep ; anterior, inferior, and posterior margins regularly continuous ;
upper outline somewhat irregular on account of the beaks being rather promi-
nent. Valves uniformly convex. Greatest depth one eight of an inch, greatest
length one quarter of an inch. Specimens may occasionally attain to a larger
size. Color, deep or light brown, mottled with black. Animal : antennae
composed each of twelve or thirteen subequal joints. Twenty-four pairs of
feet, the six posterior ones diminishing gradually away so as to render the last
three rudimentary. The last of all is inserted upon the last caudal segment but
one. There is a broad sub-triangular plate, terminated by two pairs of very large
spines, curved upwards; the inferior pair being longer and slenderer than the up-
per one. The concave margin of that plate is furnished with a series of quite
small spines. On the uppermost part of the post-abdominal plate is inserted a
pair of very delicate sword shaped appendages, very difficult to be observed
even with a good microscope. Along the posterior half of the back there exists
a series of sixteen processes, provided upon their upper and posterior sides with
about five or six minute curved spines, the tip of which is bent backwards.
The anterior two of these processes are but rudimentary ; the most developed
occupy the middle of the series; the posterior ones again diminish gradually as
they approximate the post-abdominal plate.

Specimens collected at Cincinnati were sent to the Smithsonian Institution by
Thomas Kite, of that city.

4 [January,

On the Ancient Alluvium of the Ohio River and its Tributaries.

By Alfred T. King, M. D., of Greensburgh, Pa.

The Ohio River, and all its tributaries which I have examined, are bounded
by an ancient alluvial deposit, rising from one to two hundred feet above the
present beds of those streams, and extending from half a mile to nearly two
miles in width.

In the brief description which I design to give of these deposits I shall com-
mence with that extensive and remarkable one at the mouth of the Beaver
River.

This is a beautiful and romantic stream, rising in the northern part of Beaver
County, Pennsylvania. It runs nearly south, and empties into the Ohio river
about thirty miles below Pittsburgh. At its mouth are two small towns,
Rochester on the east and Bridgewater on the west. The town of Beaver, which
is the seat of justice of Beaver county, is situated on the hill immediately above
and west of Bridgewater, on an alluvial plain, two miles and a half in length,
one mile, or nearly so, in width, and one hundred and thirty feet above the bed.
of the Ohio, stretching along the northern shore of that river. Although wells
have been sunken, in different parts of the town, 128 or 130 feet, which would
be about on a level with the bed of the Ohio, still no one has penetrated through
this deposite. The strong probability is, therefore, that it extends many feet
beneath the present bed of the river. On the opposite side of Beaver river this
deposite stretches along the Ohio, about three quarters of a mile. At both ex-
tremities it is apparently transferred to the opposite side of the river, in conse-
quence of the present curving of the stream, which causes the water to impinge
against the base of those lofty hills which everywhere skirt the shores of this
picturesque river. Seldom does the Ohio, or any of its numerous and mighty
tributaries, flow through the centre of this ancient alluvium, for this deposite is
seen every now and then on opposite shores.

On the eastern side of Beaver river this deposite is 20 or 30 feet higher than it
is at the highest point on Beaver plain, w hich would make it there about 150 or 1 60
feet, above the bed of the Ohio. At the most eastern extremity the hills are com-
posed of fine sand and loam, containing fluviatile and terrestrial shells of the genera
A?iodo?ita, Unio, Planorbis, Paludina, Limnea and Helix. Nearly the whole of
the residue of this deposit at Rochester, Bridgewater and Beaver, is composed
of nodules of argillaceous oxide of iron, and of rounded, polished river pebbles,
from the size of gravel to the size' of a man's head and upwards.

At the town of Rochester, the Pennsylvania and Ohio Railroad Company has
made an extensive cut of about eighty feet through this mass of iron nodules
and river pebbles. Here it exhibits symptoms of stratification. Commencing
at the summit, there is first a thin seam, which composes the surface soil, of
sandy loam, then loose pebbles, below which there is a seam of eight or ten
feet of conglomerated pebbles cemented together with an oxide of iron. So-
firmly bound together are these pebbles, that the workmen, when making the
cut, were obliged to blast them, and I am told that they encountered much
more difficulty than they ordinarily do in more solid, compact rock. Below this
is a seam of ignitable bituminous coal, about one inch and a half in thickness,
extending entirely through the cut, and always preserving the same relative
position. Below this coal were loose pebbles again, and so on, alternately, from
the summit to the base.

Doubtless this tendency to stratification in alluvial, as well as in marine de-
posites, may be accounted for that streams at different periods transport different
materials, but the continuous seams, and vast masses of hydrate of alumina,
frequently seen in alluvial bluffs, particularly in those of the Mississippi river,
and the pure crystals often seen imbedded in solid sedimentary rocks, clearly
indicate the existence of chemical affinity between some of the particles of
sediment, in connection with mere mechanical deposition.

Beaver river is a small stream, not larger than the Mohawk, but its scenery
is exceedingly beautiful. Its calm and placid bosom reflects vividly like a

1854.] 5

mirror the tall mountain cliffs, and the magnificently variegated scenery of the
autumnal landscape. The deep gorges and dark precipitous ravines which cut
transversely the lofty hills which rise like mountains on each side, and the broad
alluvial plains which bound its shores, lined for miles with beautiful towns and
villas, where the sound of cheerfulness and the hum of industry are everywhere
heard, render the scenery exceeding interesting and picturesque.

From the mouth of this river to the town of New Brighton, a distance of
about three miles, the alluvium is composed principally of pebbles, resembling
those already described. Here it is about one hundred and fifty feet in depth,
at the highest point, and about three quarters of a mile wide. From this point
to a distance of from ten to fifteen miles above, this deposite is strewed over
with immense masses of transported angular rocks, derived from the neighboring
hills. These rocks are of all sizes, and, in places, very numerous, strewed
about in every direction, and piled upon each other in the most irregular manner.
There are several enormous piles of these quartzose rocks, or coal grit, about
eight or ten miles from Rochester, lying upon the brow of a hill, which over-
looks the river, and more than two hundred feet above its present bed. Some of
these masses will weigh thousands of tons.

There is one w r hich is probably in situ, which will measure twenty feet in
height, and over one hundred feet in circumference, much shattered below, where
it is grooved, rounded, and smoothed by the long continued action of running
water. This rock presents a singular aspect to the observer who attempts to
account for its present form, and its relative position with the river below. It
is surrounded by huge but smaller masses of the same character, all exhibiting
the same wearing and polishing action of running water, and piled upon each
other in the wildest confusion.

I descended with Dr. Barker, of Beaver, who kindly accompanied me, this
precipitous hill, along a narrow and winding path to the river below. All the
way we passed over and around similar piles of rocks, and for miles above this
point found a similar condition of things to exist. Most of these rocks are dis-
tinctly traceable to their parent hills, still higher up the stream.

The enormous size of some of these transported rocks, and the unequivocal
evidence of the wearing action of running water upon them, indicate that they
were carried by a long continued, turbulent and impetuous stream, which had
been, previous to this exhibition of its maddening fury, in a comparatively quiet
and placid condition, during which time the subjacent alluvial sediment, before
described, was deposited. It may be proper to mention here, that in connection
with these angular masses of quartzose grit, I found, not unfrequently, syenitic,
granitic, porphyritic, greenstone boulders, &c, &c, which were exceedingly
hard, rounded and polished, similar to the more common quartzose pebbles. The
largest which I saw connected with the angular rocks w T ould not weigh more
than a few hundred pounds. But about three hundred feet above the head of
little Beaver creek, a tributary of the Ohio river, and about twelve miles
from the locality I am now describing, there are boulders of granite and other
primary rocks lying upon the summit of a hill, which will measure thirty
feet in circumference.

Indeed the hills, which here contain the enormous cannel coal vein of from
fourteen to eighteen feet in thickness, are strewed over with boulders of primary
rocks, and the diluvial scratches and groovings are visible in places. These
hills are, in some places, 300 feet high.

At different points along Beaver river, and at heights of more than a hundred
feet above its present bed, I observed convincing indications of the grooving,
smoothing and polishing action of running water, on the solid sandstones of the
adjacent hills. These workings were unquestionably produced by the river
when it flowed over this alluvial plain.

The same kind of markings I observed in the hills which skirt the shores of
the Ohio. About fifteen miles below Pittsburgh, at a place called the Narrows,
I observed, at the height of more than a hundred feet above the river, the solid
sandstones polished and grooved, as if channelled by the moulding instrument of
a joiner, and even pot holes are worn into their sides.

6 [January,

Nearly the entire cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Cincinnati are built
upon this remarkable deposite.

From Pittsburgh to Wilkinsburg, seven miles east, it is seen stretched along
the northern shore of the Monongahela river, and nearly two miles in width.
To this remarkable locality I will now briefly direct attention.

Passing from Greensburgh to Pittsburgh, along the turnpike, it will be observed
that the last anticlinal roll of the Allegheny chain of mountains is at Grapeville,
four miles west, and the last synclinal trough, which is but imperfectly formed,
is about three miles further west. From this point the beautiful undulations
which are so characteristic of the Allegheny chain, die away, and the rocks
assume nearly a horizontal position. Their horizontality, however, is only appa-
rent, for they really rise, at an almost inappreciable angle, westward. From
this point to within seven miles of Pittsburgh the general geological and topo-
graphical structure of the country remains nearly the same.

At the summit of the hill, which overlooks the town of Wilkinsburg, standing
upon the limestone which is super-imposed upon the great Pittsburgh seam
of coal, the observer beholds, more than a hundred feet beneath him, a beautiful
and extensive alluvial plain, bounded on the north by hills, which separate it
from the Allegheny river valley, and which contain the coal and limestone to
which allusion has just been made, and on the South by the Monongahela river.

The whole of this great seam of coal and the incumbent limestone, to the
depth of three hundred feet, have been swept away by a process of denudation,
and their places partially supplied by an alluvial deposite over one hundred feet
in thickness, and about the same height over the present bed of the Monongahela
river.

As the Pennsylvania Railroad passes over this deposite I shall avail myself of
the measurements which are given in one of the last annual reports of the Com-
pany.

The elevation of the Ohio river at Pittsburgh, above tide, is given at 700
feet. The elevation above tide at Wilkinsburg is 922. There would, there-
fore, be a difference of tidal elevation between Pittsburgh and Wilkinsburg of
222 feet. After substracting 22 feet feet for the fall of the river between these
two points, we would have 200 feet for the depth of the deposite.

If we assume that the shale and limestone upon which this vast deposite re-
poses, and which will be presently described, are from 200 to 300 feet beneath
the Pittsburgh seam of coal, we will be enabled to form some idea of the enor
mous denuding process, by which this river excavated its channel, and after-
wards deposited upon its ancient bed, in some places, over two hundred feet of
sedimentary matter. This is, of course, only an approximative estimate ; but
from all the data which I have been enabled to procure, the average depth may
be safely assumed at from one hundred to two hundred feet.

In consequence of the great depth of this deposite at Wilkinsburg, I, at one
time, conjectured that the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers met, at some
antecedent period, and formed the Ohio, either at this point or at East Liberty,
which are from five to seven miles East of their present junction. To satisfy
myself on this curious point, I crossed the plain at Wilkinsburg, three quarters
of a mile, to the base of those lofty hills which separate the two great alluvial
valleys, and found that the whole region was composed of river pebbles, sand
and loam, with which were mingled fluviatile and terrestrial shells.

Near the Frankstown road, which is nearly two miles in a straight line from
the Monongahela river, I saw some men excavating a well. They had gone
down to the depth of twenty or thirty feet, and had passed through nothing but
pure river sand and pebbles, meeting occasionally only with an Anodonta or a
Unto.

Near this point I crossed the dividing hills, and descended along a narrow
path to the road which winds along the bank of the Allegheny river. Here I
found this ancient deposite presenting: nearly the same appearances, and of about
equal magnitude to the one on the Monongahela side. In the neighborhood of
Laurenceville it is of great breadth, and of not less than two hundred feet in
hickness.

1854.] 7

The hills which separate these Two ancient alluvial valleys are a continuous
chain, and of sufficient altitude to constitute an effectual barrier to the mingling
of the waters of these two rivers, at any point nearer than their present con-
fluence at the city of Pittsburgh- I observed at Rochester, New Brighton, and
at different points along the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, that this deposite
reposes on a dark colored shale, sometimes passing into more compact slate. As
I was descending a hill on the Frankstovvn road, near East Liberty, I discovered
an old acquaintance, a thin stratum of calcareous rock, on which the shale re-
poses, and which in contradistinction to other limestones, belonging to the coal
series I have denominated the ^rj^a-limestone.

This is a somewhat peculiar rock, characterised by containing a vast number
of small bivalve shells, belonging to the genus Atrypa, etc. When long exposed
to the atmosphere, its external surface readily disintegrates, and presents a rag-
ged and shaly appearance, the surface being covered with small Atrypa and pro-
jecting joints of Encrinites.

In some localities I have found in this rock the genera Terebratula, Trilobites,
Plei/.rotomaria, Productus, Spirifer, Bellerophon, Euomphalus, Ammonite and
Orthoceratite. But the joints of Encrinites and the small Atrypa are the charac-
teristic fossils, and distinguish it from all other limestones belonging to the car-
boniferous series. This limestone, in Westmoreland county, is seldom found
more than two or three feet in thickness. But near the Ohio line I found it over
ten feet, it being there a very compact and durable rock, well adapted for agri-
cultural and other purposes. It is exposed at numerous points in Western Penn-
sylvania, and uniformly presents similar lithological and paleontological cha-
racters.

I mentioned, at the commencement of this paper, that this ancient alluvium
was traceable everywhere along the Ohio river and its tributaries which I have
examined, and doubtless along those which I have not so closely surveyed. Those
tributaries to which my attention has been more particularly directed, are the
Beaver, Allegheny, Monongahela, Youghiogeny, Kiskeminitas, Loyalhanna and
Conemaugh rivers, etc., etc. But in the brief and necessarily imperfect delinea-
tion of these remarkable deposites, which I have attempted to give, I have con-
fhied myself to a few localities only, leaving a more extended and minute
description for some future period.

It is not at all improbable that those high bluffs which bound the vast alluvial
valley of the Mississippi river (which is from thirty to fifty miles in width),
were deposited at the same period. Also the alluvial terraces on which the city
of Cincinnati is built, the highest of which is 120 feet above the level of the
Ohio river; and doubtless the natural terraces and ridizes of Lake Erie and
Ontario, which were so graphically delineated by Mr. Charles Whittlesey, of
Cleveland, in the July No., 1850, of the American Journal of Science.

For, in all these localities, fossil teeth and other bones of the mammoth and
mastodon have been found imbedded in this deposite. These animals, which
were once the lords of the creation, the primates of this lower world, perished
and became extinct in that last grand revolution, during which I presume these
ancient sedimentary deposites were slowly and gradually elevated to their pre-
sent position, and which immediately preceded the advent of man.

From the whole of this investigation my mind has been convinced that
the relative position of the rivers and this ancient alluvium through which
they now pass, or along whose borders their waters deeply flow, has changed
since the period of deposition. But when, and in what manner, or by what
cause, are questions not so readily answered as proposed.

The hypothesis of local oscillations, first proposed many years ago by Sir
Charles Lyell, to account for the deposition of the Rhenish loess, will, with
slight modifications, I believe, clearly explain all the phenomena connected with
this post tertiary formation.

Indeed, from the numerous facts upon which this hypothesis is based, it may
be regarded as an exceedingly plausible theory, if not a legitimate induction.

It has lonj; been ascertained that various parts of the earth's surface are now,
and perhaps ever have been, undergoing slow and gradual oscillatory movements.

8 [January,

Parts of Sweden, Norway, and the shores of the gulf of Bothnia, have been
long gradually rising. Also extensive regions of South America have been
undergoing a slow but gradual upheaval, during a period of many centuries. On
the other hand, the gradual sinking of the coast of Greenland, for the space of
more than six hundred miles, during the last 400 years, has been more incon-
trovertibly established by actual markings and critical examinations made by
the most astute minds.

Large portions of the earth's surface have been suddenly upheaved, whilst
others have as suddenly subsided.

The whole coast of Chili was suddenly elevated several feet by the earth-
quake of 1822, producing terrible commotion in the sea, and sending vast waves
over the ocean, which doubtless transported huge masses of rocks many miles
from the shore.

In 1611, an earthquake sank the town of New Madrid, on the Mississippi
river, several feet beneath the waters, the vibrations of which continued three
months.

Many other facts of an analogous character might be adduced, but these are
sufficient to show that various parts of the crust of the earth are now under-
going oscillations, and that it is not at all improbable that the hydrographical
basin of the Ohio may have undergone, at some remote period, similar move-
ments.

First we may suppose that there was a gradual subsidence during a period,
perhaps, of many centuries, of the whole hydrographical basins of the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers, and even extending beyond che limits of their tributary
streams. This depression of the land would necessarily lessen the fall of the
waters into the Gulf of Mexico, and increase the alluvial deposite. After a cer-
tain indefinite period we can readily suppose that this process of subsidence was
reversed, and the whole as gradually upheaved, until the rocks were brought
to their present altitude, when the oscillation ceased.

During this slow upward movement the waters would necessarily cut their
channels through the alluvial deposite, which had been thrown down during the
process of subsidence.

At the commencement of this upward movement we may suppose a sudden
upheaval to have occurred in Beaver county, somewhat analogous to that on the
coast of Chili, in 1822, which would produce such commotion and recoil of the
waters in Beaver river as to cause them to impinge, with terrific force, against
the projecting rocks of the adjacent hills, rive them asunder, and pile thein
as they are now found, over its ancient alluvial bed.

Afterwards, the process of elevation may have been as gradual as that of the
shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, which amounts only to two or three feet in a
century.

In corroboration of this view I may mention, that although the rocks are
nearly horizontal, yet the hills which skirt the shores of this beautiful
stream are often seen cracked from the base to the summit, and the strata, in
places, much disturbed.

Also, the dark, yawning gorges, and broad and deep ravines, cutting entirely
through the hills, indicate, I think, that the rocks here of the ancient coal
measures have undergone great disturbance since the period of their original
deposition.

Notice of American Animals, formerly known, but now forgotten or lost.

By John Le Co.nte.

The writers of the last century have left us descriptions of several animals
which modern research has not since been able to detect. In looking over the
works of these authors, who favored the world with their knowledge so long
ago, it necessarily happens that we find their descriptions more or less imper-
fect, either from the insufficient manner in which they were made, or from that
brevity of expression which was then fashionable in natural science. Hence

1854.] 9

has arisen much confusion and indecision. I have selected from these writers of
a former age, the following animals which appear to have heen then well known,
but are now forgotten or overlooked ; I beg leave to call the attention of natur-
alists to this subject, with the hope that they may be all found and accurately
described, or else struck out from the number of those enumerated among the
productions of America.

Felis rufa, or Bay Cat of Pennant, Arc. Zool., vol i. p. 51.

With yellow irids, ears erect, tufted with black long hair; color of the head,
body, and outside of the legs and thighs a bright bay, obscurely marked with
dusky spots; the forehead marked with black stripes, from the head to the nose;
cheeks white, varied with three or four incurvated lines of black; the under
and upper lip, belly, and inside of the legs and thighs white, the inside of the
upper part of the fore legs crossed with two black bars ; the tail short, upper
part marked with dusky bars and near the end with one of black, the underside
white; fur short and smooth ; twice the size of a common cat, (that is 27 inches
long,) said to come from the interior of New York: probably erroneous. Described
by Mr. Pennant from the living animal.

The common wild cat of our country, found in all the northern, southern, and
western states, has in latter years been confounded with this species ; I think,
however, they cannot but be distinct. Mr. Pennant, the best naturalist that
England has ever produced, could never have confounded two animals so dis-
similar. It is true, in describing one, he had before him the living animal, in
the other a dried skin, but of the last, he could examine hundreds. He certainly
could not have mistaken the indistinct brownish grey of the one for bright bay,
nor could the last color have faded into the other.

The common wild cat, however, never should have been called Felis rufa,
even if it was identical with Pennant's animal, as Ray had described it in his
Synopsis Methodica Animalium, p. 169, as Catus montanus. If these two ani-
mals are the same, why has the name given so long even before the birth of
Pennant, been discarded, in defiance of the rule of priority in nomenclature ;
when it was last described, it was easy to restore the name of montanus. A
just regard for the name of Ray, if nothing else, surely demanded this.

A description follows of the Felis montana, as I knew it in Georgia, made
from numerous specimens either living or recently killed, including probably
every variation to which the animal is liable.

Felis montana. Mountain Cat, Pennant, Arc. Zool., vol. i, p. 51. Catus mon-
tanus, Ray, Synops. Method. Animalium.

Above, hair mixed dusky, and pale brown, top of the head brown striped lon-
gitudinally with dusky, cheeks with dark brown, back with dusky ; the last
sometimes wanting. Irids yellow, ears black, upright, and slightly pencilled,
especially during the winter; with a broad, transverse, cinereous bar. Cheeks
on each side with a large semicircular tuft of long hair. Legs spotted with dark
brown, sides most frequently obscurely spotted with the same, sometimes, how-
ever, not spotted; chin and throat white, with a black stripe on each side, form-
ing an angle ; sometimes these stripes are wanting, or very faintly marked in
pale brown. Belly, inside of the thighs, and hind part of the fore legs whitish,
spotted with black. Tail, above, generally very faintly annulate with brown;
these rings often disappear; tip black, beneath white, which color appears on the
upper part at the tip, whenever the hair is in any way disturbed. Feet beneath
dusky or dark brown.

Mean length of 12 specimens 31 inches, tail 6.

I have given the foregoing very full description, that it may be compared with
the preceding. Most of the marks which are common to the two, belong to al-
most every species of the genus Felis. I add two obscure species, of which but
little is known. I am not willing to pronounce them distinct from each other or
from the montana, without farther examination. The first was seen in Califor-
nia by my son, and the description and measurements were made by him ; the
other is extracted from Lewis and Clarke's travels.

10 [January,

Californian Wild Cat :

Above, mottled white, black, and fuscous, lighter on the sides, which are
slightly barred; beneath, white; legs fuscous, with black bars, much more dis-
tinct on the anterior ones, which are anteriorly white. Ears large, rounded,
black, with a white spot connected with the mastoid part, tip with a short tuft.
Tail short, blunt, barred with darker, tip black with an extreme white point.

Length 31 inches, tail 6, head 4.5, height 1.5.

Lewis and darkens Wild Cat :

Larger than the wild cat of the United States; color of the back, neck, and
sides reddish brown, irregularly varied, with small spots of dark brown, tail two
inches long and nearly white, except the extremity which is black; it terminates
abruptly, as if amputated. Belly white, variegated with small black spots, legs
of the same color as the sides. The back is marked transversely with black
stripes; ears black, on the outer side covered with short fine hair, except at the
upper part, where it is furnished with a parcel of fine, straight, black hair three-
fourths of an inch long. The hair of the animal is long and fine.

This animal was called by Rafinesque, Felis fasciata. I have declined adopt-
ing his name, as he never saw it, and was too much in the habit of describing
things by hearsay, with as much confidence as if he had himself procured them,
and had them lying before him. A drawing or an engraving was sufficient for
him to make a new genus from, as was often the case, I am sorry to say, with
authors of more credit.

Both Charlevoix and Dupratz, mention a species of Felis in Louisiana, which
appears not to have been lately seen ; they call it Pichoux; the following is a
description of it

Pichoux :

Upper part of the head, neck, back, sides, shoulders, and thighs bright tawny,
face striped downwards with black, shoulders and body marked with stripes and
large oblong black spots, the legs with small spots, breast and inner side of the
legs and thighs whitish, spotted with black ; tail long, marked with black, taw-
ny, and grey.

Size of a common cat, (about 18 inches).

Does not appear to be the Felis pardalis, from its smaller size, and probably
different markings, besides being in some of the under parts white. If this ani-
mal is no longer found in Louisiana, it is highly probable that it may be met
with in Texas or New Mexico. Animals at one time extremely common in any
particular country, will suddenly leave it without any visible cause. As an in-
stance of this : previous to the year 1820, no bird was more common in that part
Georgia where I resided, than the Conurus Carolinensis or Parakeet. They would
pass through the air in flocks of from 50 to 100. They suddenly all disappeared,
and for more than thirty years, not one has been seen where they were so abun-
dant. Travellers through Texas and New Mexico, would do well to look for
this beautiful species of cat.

The Chat sauvage, described by Dupratz, vol. ii., p. 93, is an animal well
worth enquiring about. He thus describes it :

Chat sauvage :

He says that it does not feed on animal substances, but on fruits, bread, and
other vegetables. It seems that it w r as easily and often tamed. It is gentle and
frolicsome, and not more than 8 or 10 inches high and about 15 long. The head
like that of a fox : when tamed the color is grey ; when wild, red : its paws have
long toes and short claws ; it has improperly been called a cat, as it has nothing
of the cat about it but its activity, and bears a greater resemblance to the
marmot.

1854.] 11

Silvery Fox, of Louisiana, Penn. I. c, p. 48.

With a fine and thick coat of a deep brown color, overspread with long silvery-
hairs of a most elegant appearance. They differ from most other American
species in their habit of burrowing. The description is borrowed from Dupratz,
vol. ii., p. 92.

This can hardly be the Canis velox.

Pennant in Supp. to Arctic Zoology, p. 52, mentions a whitish grey fox, no
larger than a hare, common among the Archithinne Indians, 4000 skins of
which have been brought in one year to the British factories.

The Comanche Dog :

Common among the Comanche Indians. Naked, except a few stiff hairs about
the mouth. This dog is mentioned by Clavigero, vol. i., p. 56, as an inhabitant
of Mexico, called by the natives Holoitzuicintli. It is remarkable that though
some of these dogs have been brought within the United States, we have no
description of them : they are quite large, being upwards of two feet high, and
used by the natives for hunting. Here is an instance of the absurdity of those
writers who state, that climate has an influence in altering the appearance of
animals ; thus they tell you that the so-called Turkish dog, which is hairless,
has been made so by its progenitors living for numerous generations in a warm
climate ; now here we see an animal equally naked, which inhabits the moun-
tains and cold steppes of the south-west. Of a similar character is the assertion
that sheep lose their wool in the Southern States, and in the West India Islands.

The Water Rat of Pennant, 1. c, p. 130.

With small eyes, ears covered with fur, teeth yellow, body covered with long
black hair, mixed with a few of a rust color, belly of a deep grey.

A Mouse of Louisiana :

Mentioned by Dupratz. Not larger than Mus musculus, of a very bright bay.

These are all the mammals which I can collect, as worthy of being called im-
perfectly known, or rather lost to modern naturalists. I now proceed to consider
the Birds.

Vultur sacra : Bartram's Travels, p. 150.

The head and neck are bare of feathers nearly down to the stomach, where
the feathers begin to cover the skin, and soon become long and of a soft texture,
forming a ruff or tippet, in which the bird, by contracting his neck, can hide that
as well as the head ; the bare skin on the neck appears loose and wrinkled, which
is of a very deep bright yellow color, intermixed with coral red as it approaches
the yellow of the sides and fore part. The crown of the head is red; there are
lobed lappets of a reddish orange color, which lie on the base of the upper man-
dible. But what is singular is, a large portion of the stomach hangs down on the
breast of the bird, in likeness of a sack or half wallet, and seems to be a dupli-
cature of the craw, which is naked and of a reddish flesh color, this is partly
concealed by the feathers of the breast, unless when it is loaded with food, and
then it appears prominent. The plumage of the bird is generally white or cream
colored, except the quill feathers of the wings and two or three rows of the co-
verts, which are of a beautiful dark brown; the tail which is large and white, is
tipt with this dark brown or black, the legs and feet are of a clear white ; the
irids golden ; the pupil black.

The tail was used by the Seminoles as a war standard. Dupratz, vol. ii., p.
109, mentions this bird under the name of White Eagle, and says that the Indians
in whose neighborhood he lived, the Natchez, used the feathers for adorning their
pipe of peace.

Ferruginous Woodpecker : Pennant, 1. C, p. 271.

With a dusky bill, the crown and pendant crest of a pale yellow ; a crimson
bar extends from the mouth along the lower part of the cheek. The cheeks,

12 [January,

back, and coverts of the wings are of a'deep ferruginous color, lower part of the
back of a pale yellow ; primaries ferruginous, barred on their inner webs with
black.

Sent from South Carolina to Mr. Pennant, by Dr. Garden ; therefore there can
be no doubt of its having been obtained near Charleston, although no one has
ever seen it since. The high character of both these gentlemen forbids us to
suppose that there was any deception on either side, either in sending the animal
to Europe, or in its habitat.
The Florida Pheasant :

Mentioned at page 20 of Stork's introduction to John Bartram's Journal of
Travels in East Florida.

I have had described to me a bird, which must have been this, as inhabiting
the hummocks on the banks of St. John's River, but I never had the good fortune
to meet with it.

Norton Sound Bustard, Penn. vol. iii., p. 321.

A Captain Rich informed Mr. Pennant, that at Norton's Sound, in latitude
64 30', he had seen great flocks of a large bird which were very shy, ran very
fast, and for a considerable way before they took wing, so that he could never
get one shot.

Black Ibis, Bartram's Travels, p. 148.

Black on the upper side, breast and belly white, legs and beak as white as
snow. Size of Ibis alba.

Red-billed Heron, Pennant, Supp., p. 65.

With a red bill. Irids yellow, legs green, plumage white.

There are many of the smaller birds of America described by Pennant, that I
am convinced are not now known, and many more that have lately been de-
scribed as new species, that were well known to the English naturalist. Not
being, however, sufficiently acquainted with the ornithology of our country, I
cannot, without devoting too much time to the subject, determine which they
are. It has all along been the custom with American naturalists, entirely to
neglect everything that this illustrious man and elegant scholar has written on
the subject of our animals; but it would be a labor well repaid by the thanks
of every lover of science, if any one would go over his Arctic Zoology, and give
us the scientific names of every thing which he has described.

There remain only a few reptiles to be added to this list : there can be no dif-
ficulty in obtaining them if they really exist, and I cannot see how any one can
doubt of their existence. A very little attention on the part of persons living
where they are said to be found, would soon make us acquainted with them.

Trionyx, of Bartram. Travels, p. 177.

They are flat and thin, two and a half feet in length, and eighteen inches in
breadth across the back ; in form resembling the sea tortoise, the whole back
shell except the vertebrae or ridge, which is not at all prominent, and ribs on each
side, is soft and cartilaginous, and easily reduced to a jelly when boiled ; the an-
terior and posterior extremities of the back shell appear to be embossed with
round horny warts or tubercles ; the belly or nether shell is but small and car-
tilaginous, except a narrow cross bar connecting it at each end with the back
shell, which is hard and osseous ; the head is large and clubbed, of nearly an
oval form, the upper mandible is however, protruded forward and truncated,
somewhat resembling a swine's snout, at the extreme end of which the nostrils
are placed ; on each side of the base or root of this proboscis are the eyes, which
are large. The upper beak is hooked and sharp like a hawk's bill ; the lips and
corners of the mouth large, tumid, wrinkled and barbed with long pointed warts
which can be projected or contracted at pleasure, which gives the creature a
frightful and disagreeable countenance.

Inhabits St. John's river, Florida.

It is a remarkable circumstance, that although this tortoise is found as it were
at our very doors, no one has ever seen it since the venerable author of the pre-

1854.] 13

ceding description noticed it in his travels. There can be no doubt of its exist-
ence in St. John's river of Florida, and that it can be obtained at any time.
Although it is represented in the figure attached to the description with five
claws on all the feet, this does not detract from the truth of the account. If this
be an error, I attribute it to his not having made a complete drawing of it at the
time when he first saw it, and afterwards having finished it from memory ; from
this may have resulted the error, if there is one. Although I do not see any more
difficulty in a Trionyx having claws on all his toes, than in a Cistudo having
three claws when it has five toes j in this case there is a subtraction, in the
other an addition. It has been said that this wa3 an incorrect and exaggerated
figure of the Trionyx spiniferus (spinifer) of Lesueur. Nothing can be more
absurd than this assertion. Lesueur's species has on the front part of the cara-
pace a series of small pointed warts not easily discoverable, while Bartram's
animal has larger extensible and contractile tubercles on the head and neck. I
remember when it was much the custom to ridicule Mr. Bartram, and to doubt
the truth of many of his relations. For my own part I must say, that having
travelled in his track I have tested his accuracy, and can bear testimony to the
absolute correctness of all his statements. I travelled through Florida before it
was overrun by its present inhabitants, and found every thing exactly as he re-
ported it to be when he was there, even to the locality of small and insignificant
plants. Mr. Bartram was a man of unimpeached integrity and veracity, of
primeval simplicity of manners and honesty unsuited to these times, when such
virtues are not appreciated.

Apalone hudsonica, Rafinesque, Annals of Nature, p. 3.

Upper shell rounded-elliptical, fiat, entire, soft, with a small anterior keel,
yellowish with brown spots, and a circular black line near the margin. Two
long oculated spots before and behind the eyes. Nose proboscidal; jaws with-
out a bill. Lower shell anterior. Body denudated behind. Tail obtuse, mu-
cronate, shorter than the shell. Five palmated toes to all the feet, with small
claws. Length 2 to 6 inches.

Found in the Hudson river between the falls of Hadley, Glen, and Baker, and
further up to the source. Called Mud Turtle.

Although this description was published long ago by Rafinesque, no one, that
I know of, has ever thought fit to look for the animal. Now, although Rafin-
esque was certainly insane and apt to see and describe things w r hich had no real
existence, yet when his descriptions appear full and complete, and his localities
accurately specified, it certainly is worth while to look for the objects he pro-
fesses to have seen. Why do not some of our young naturalists take such things
in hand ? Advancing age forbids me.

The slender Lizard, Penn. Supp., p. 86.

About eight inches long, as slender as a crow-quill; head small, tail blunt and
of equal thickness ; body marked from head to tail with lines of pale brown and
black, belly lead color ; top of the nose and tail white.

Salamandra.

1 once saw, and indeed had in my possession, a Triton or Salamandra, which
was sent from New Orleans, of which the following is a short description. I add
it in this place because it was a most extraordinary animal.

Dusky, speckled with yellowish white, and inclining to blown on the belly ;
everywhere except on the belly and tail covered with small warts, so as to re-
semble shagreen; tail blunt, with a narrow fin wrinkled longitudinally and trans-
versely so as to appear striated and articulated. Length 5 in. .75.

The preceding are all the animals which I can find that have once been more
or less particularly described, but of which at present no one knows anything. I
might have added to the list many that have been described by Rafinesque, but
the most of them appear in their coloring, as well as in other characteristics, so
opposed to everything known of congeneric species, as to render it extremely
probable that the author was laboring under some delusion when he published

14 [January,

them. It is well known that he was in the habit of describing things which he
never saw, and in his eagerness to claim a priority in discovery, to describe the
same object two or three times over under different names.

It is to be hoped that the reading of these few pages will turn the attention of
naturalists in the Southern and Western States to the investigation of the few
species pointed out as forgotten or lost, and that we will not remain long with-
out knowing whether they have a real existence.

The Committee on Mr. Conrad's " Synopsis of the Genera Paraph ol as
and Penicilla " reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

A report was read from a Committee appointed at the meeting of 3d
inst., to inquire into the expediency of having an Address delivered be-
fore the Society at its Anniversary on the 21st of March next, and to
nominate a suitable person to prepare such an Address, recommending
the same, and nominating Win. Parker Foulke, Esq.

The Report was adopted and the nomination confirmed.

A Report was also read and adopted from a Committee appointed at
a late meeting to enquire into the expediency of assembling the members
of the Academy at an Anniversary Dinner on the same day, (21st of
March,) and in favor of the same.

A Resolution was also adopted, appointing a Committee of Arrange-
ments for the occasion.

Committee, Dr. Ruschenberger, Mr. Cassin, Prof. Carson, Mr. H. C.
Hanson, and Mr. Wm. P. Foulke.

ELECTION.

Lieut. D. M. Couch, U. S. A. was elected a Correspondent.
The Society then elected the following list of Standing Committees
for 1854.

Committees for 1854.

Ethnology, John S. Phillips, B. H. Coates, M. D., J. Aitken Meigs,
M. D.j Comparative Anatomy and General Zoology, Joseph Leidy,
Edward Hallowell, John H. Brinton ; Mammalogy, John Le Conte,
James C. Fisher, Samuel W. Woodhouse ', Ornithology, John Cassin,
Edward Harris, George A.McCaU; Herpetology and Ichthyology , Edward
Hallowell, John Cassin, Gavin Watson ; Conchology, T. A. Conrad,
Thos. B.Wilson, W. S. W. Ruschenberger; Entomology and Crustacea,
S. S. Haldeman, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Robert Bridges ; Botany, Robert
Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Elias Durand ; Palaeontology, Thomas B.
Wilson, Joseph Leidy, Charles E. Smith ; Geology, Isaac Lea, Aubrey
H. Smith, J. P. Lesley ) Mineralogy, William S. Vaux, Samuel Ash-
mead, John C. Trautwine; Physics, James C. Fisher, B. Howard Rand,
Edmund Draper; Library, Robert Pearsall, Wm. P. Foulke, H. C.
Hanson ; Proceedings, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy, W. S. W.
Ruschenberger.

1854.] 15

February ItJi.
Mr. Lea, Vice-President, in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From the Natural History Association of Halle, acknowledging the
receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6, No. 6, and transmitting the volume of
Memoirs of that Society, announced this evening.

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, acknowledging
the receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6, No. 12.

From Mrs. M. K. Wetherill, dated Philadelphia, Feb. 1st, 1854,
acknowledging the receipt of a copy of the Resolution adopted Dec. 27,
1853.

From Dr. W. P. Gibbons, Corresponding Secretary of the California
Academy of Natural Sciences, dated San Francisco, Dec. 31, 1853, ac-
companying the botanical specimens presented this evening.

Mr. Lea read a paper entitled " Rectification of Mr. T. A. Conrad's
Synopsis of the Family of Naiades of North America, published in the
Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia, February, 1853."
Referred to Dr. Leidy, Prof. Haldeman and Dr. Wilson.

February 21st.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read :

From Lieut. D. M. Couch, U. S. A., dated Washington, Feb. 7th,
1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent,

From the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, dated October
6th, 1852, transmitting the numbers of the Balletin of that Society an-
nounced this evening.

From M. Vauquelin, dated Paris, Aug. 20th, 1853, transmitting a
pamphlet on the subject of certain instruments, and a new suture for
the treatment of Ectropion, invented by him.

The Corresponding Secretary read from the Placer Times and Tran-
script, (published at San Francisco,) Jan. 14th, 1854, an extract from
the Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, claim-
ing priority of description of viviparous fish inhabiting the Bay of San
Francisco, for Dr. Wm. P. Gibbons. Dr. Gibbons proposes the generic
name Holconote, and for one species H. Agassizi. For another species
the California Academy proposed H. Gibbonsensis.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Descriptions of some Coleoptera from Oregon, collected
by Dr. J. G. Cooper, &c, &c. j" and also a second paper entitled
" Synopsis of the (Edemeridag of the United States ;" both of which
were referred to Dr. Zantzinger, Prof. Haldeman and Mr. Cooke.

16 [February,

February 2th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committee on Dr. Le Conte's papers read at the meeting of 21st
inst., reported in favor of publication.

Descriptions of some new Coleoptera from Oregon, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper
of the North Pacific R. R. Expedition, tinder Gov. J. J. Stevens.

By John L. LeConte, M. D.

The following species were contained in a collection recently made by Dr.
Cooper, and kindly placed in my hands by Prof. Baird. The total number
of species collected was nearly 70; among which are specimens of Omus
De j e a n ii and Audouini. Among the described species, not before noticed
in our territory, is Ancylochira L a n g i i, (Buprestis Langii, Mann.) and
among species also found on the Atlantic side of the continent, Haplochile p y g-
maea, Lee {Morio pyg. Dej.), Clytus undulatus Say, Monohammus s c u-
t e 1 a r i s Say, Hispa v i 1 1 a t a Fabr., Eumolpus a u r a t u s Fabr., Galleruca
canadensis Kirby.

This indicates, that notwithstanding the extensive collections which have
been made both in California and Russian America, the Coleoptera of Western
America are still comparatively unknown, and that consequently even small
.collectious made by travellers, who have but little time to devote to science,
will possess very great scientific value.

Cicindela, n. sp. The thorax of the specimen has been destroyed, and the
species can therefore be made known only approximately, until the native species
of the genus have been properly arranged in systematic order. The species in
question seems most closely allied to C. longilabris Say, which it resembles
exactly in its markings, but the elytra are less deeply punctured, and of a dull
greenish bronze color; the apex is broadly rounded and finely serrate; the suture
is armed with a minute spine. The labrum is not longer than is usual in the
species of the genus, and entirely resembles in form C. 12-guttata, having only
one distinct tooth at the middle; the palpi (of the female) are black; the sculp-
ture of the head precisely as C. 12-guttata.

Platynus, a species resembling P. obsoletus (Feronia obs. Say,) in every re-
spect except that the elytra are somewhat wider. I have not yet investigated
this genus sufficiently to pronounce upon the value of such a difference.

Carabus oregonensis, cyaneo-niger thorace fere opaco, latitudine vix
breviore minus convexo dense intricato-rugoso, antice posticeque angustato,
lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis modice productis, apice rotundatis, lateribus
pone medium subreflexis, elytris thorace fere duplo latioribus subtiliter striolato-
punctatis, foveis minus profundis serie triplici impressis. Long. -85.

One male found at Prairie Paso. This species is closely related to C. taedatus
Fabr. (also found by Dr. Cooper,) but the thorax is proportionally smaller and
narrower and much more densely and finely rugose ; the rugosities of the head
are also smaller, and the impressions less deep ; the striae of the elytra and the
impressed foveas are all less marked.

Calosoma aenescens, nigroaeneus, crassiusculus, thorace latitudine plus
duplo breviore, subtilius dense intricato-rugoso, basi utrinque late foveato, lateri-
bus latius rotundatis pone medium modice reflexis angulis posticis paulo productis
rotundatis, elytris thorace latioribus seriatim punctatis, foveisque aeneis triplici
serie impressis, interstitiis catenatim paulo elevatis, tibiis intermediis rectis.
Long. .8-

Both sexes, found at Fort Vancouver. This species is very'different from C.
tepidum and calidum by the thorax being less rounded on the sides and the pos-
terior angles being distinctly prolonged. To Callisthenes it approaches by its
form, but the wings are large, and the outer points of the antennae are entirely
pubescent. The spaces between the foveas of the elytra are also quite distinctly
elevated.

1854.] 17

Ancylochira a d i e c t a, supra splendide viridiaenea, dense punctata, crassius-
cula, thorace latitudine fere triplo breviore, antrorsum anguslato, lateribus late
rotundatis cuprascentibus, late canaliculate-, elytris lateribus late, sutura an-
guste cupreis, costis utrinque 4, scutellarique cum sutura confluente elevatis
laevibus nitidis, costa altera subsuturali fere integra adiecta, interstitiis dense
punctatis, apice subemarginata. Long. *6, lat '25.

One specimen found between Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain, in July. This
species belongs to a group of species having the form of A. aurulenta and striata,
but differs from all the others known to me by having obsolete costae in the in-
tervals between the four ordinary costae, and by having an additional costa ex-
tending nearly from the apex to the base between the elevated suture and the
normal first dorsal costa. The head is entirely free from hair, and is uniformly
punctured ; the under surface of the body is bright coppery, tinged with green,
moderately punctured; the prosternum is broadly impressed between the coxae,
and is not hairy.

Ancylochira lauta, supra splendide viridi-aurea, dense punctata, fronte non
concava fere glabra, thorace latitudine plus duplo breviore, antrorsum angustato,
lateribus late rotundatis cuprascentibus, late canaliculato, elytris lateribus late,
sutura anguste cupreis, costis 4, alteraque scutellari cum sutura confluente nitidis
laevibus elevatis, interstitiis dense granulato-punctatis, apice vix truncata.
Long. -58 '75.

Abundant in Oregon, whence it has been brought by Dr. Townsend, Capt.
Wilkes' Expedition, Col. M/Call and Dr. Cooper. Resembles the brilliant
variety of A. striata, but is distinguished by its more robust form, and by the
costae of the elytra being impunctured. A variety occurs in which the elytra have
each a broad blue vitta, extending from the first to the third costa. The body be-
neath is coppery, somewhat hairy, and the antepectus is impressed between the
coxae ; the front has a narrow somewhat smooth medial line.

Ancylochira radians, supra splendide'viridi-aurea, dense punctata fronte
concava, longe albo-pilosa, thorace latitudine vix duplo breviore, antrorsum an-
gustato, lateribus late subrotundatis cuprascentibus, disco late canaliculato,
elytris sutura margineque cupreis, costisque quatuor alteraque scutellari cum
sutura confluente nitidis elevatis laevibus, interstitiis dense granulato-punctatis,
apice subtruncata. Long. *6, lat. -23.

One specimen found at Fort Vancouver. It is with some hesitation that I
venture to describe this species as distinct : its general form is narrower than A.
lauta, and is very much that of A. striata: from the latter it differs by the
somewhat concave and pilose front. The pectus is as in the other species, but
is densely clothed with long white hair. The under surface is coppery golden,
more densely punctured than in the preceding.

Ancylochira pl'acida, viridi-aurea, cupreo-tincta, confertissime punctata,
thorace latitudine fere duplo breviore, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus late ro-
tundatis, postice transversim impresso, elytris vitta cuprea utrinque ornatis,
striis punctatis haud distincte impressis, apice conjunctim rotundatis, Long. 29.

Collected by the late J. K. Townsend, in Oregon, and given me by Mr. Will-
cox, as Phcenops placida of the Berlin museum. The form of body is more
cylindrical than in the other species known to me; the pectus is not canaliculate,
and the prolongation of the sternum is broader and more obtuse than in A.
decora, or the other species with which I have compared it. The insect, though
differing from Ancylochira in having the scutel slightly pointed behind, ap-
proaches much nearer to that genus than to Phaenops, and until a revision is made
of the genera of our native Buprestidae on more natural characters than have
been hitherto employed in their study, should be suffered to remain where I
have placed it.

Ellycbnia facula, elongato-elliptica, atra tenuiter pubescens, thorace latitu-
dine vix breviore, disco convexiusculo, lateribus et apice concavis reflexis
punctatis, macula submarginali lunata rosea ornato, elytris dense punctulatis
linea unica dorsali obsoleta utrinque notata. Long. *52.

One specimen, Prairie Paso, differs from E. corrusca by its less dilated

2

18 [February.

form, and longer thorax, and by Ike presence of only one elevated line on each
elytron.

Lytta Cooperi, atra, capite thoraceque laete fulvis, nitidis laevigatis, illo
basi subemarginato, ante oculos nigro, hoc pentagonali, latitudine breviore, an-
gulis lateralibus acatis, dorso deplanato, elytris lineis elevatis grosse reticulatis ;
antennis extus incrassatis, articulis rotundatis, tibiis posticis calcari externo lon-
giore dilatato. Lous- - 73.

Wenass river, to Fort Colville. It affords me great pleasure to dedicate this
fine species to Dr. Cooper, to whose taste for natural history we are indebted
for the present interesting collection.

This species belongs to group (A b) of my synopsis of Meloides, (Proc.
Acad. 6, 334,) near L. vulnerata, but is very distinct by the reticulated elytra.

Ditylus gracilis, elongatus ater, tenuiter pubescens, thorace latitudine lon-
giore, obovato postice angustato, lateribus antice rotundatis, dense punctulato,
late profunde canaliculato, disco utrinque ante medium subfoveato, elytrts subti-
liter granulato-punctatis, lineis 4 distinctis subelevatis. Long. 63.

One specimen found between Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain, in July. Very
different from the two species mentioned on p. 20, by the more slender form and
elongate thorax; the dorsal channel is dilated and bifurcated towards the apex
and base of the thorax.

Phymatodes aeneus, osneo-piceus, parcius pubescens, thorace latitudine bre-
viore, rotundato punctulato, antice posticeque marginato, elytris thorace paulo
latioribus, nitidissimis, parce punctatis, femoribus valde clavatis, antennarum
basi rufescente. Long. *3.

One specimen found betw r een Fort Vancouver and Yokolt Plain. Somewhat
resembles in appearance P. sereus.

Asemum a s p e r u m, nigro-piceum, tenuiter pubescens, capite scabro-punctato,
oculis magnis valde emarginatis, thorace latitudine breviore rotundato, punctato,
medio late excavato, versus latera punctis elevatis exasperato, elytris subtiliter
scabris, lineis duabus obsoletis vix distinctis. Long. *7 *9.

Prairie Paso, July to August. This fine species seems intermediate between
Criocephalus and Asemum ; the eyes, although nearly as large as in the former
genus, are deeply emarginate; the antennae are hardly half as long as the body,
and pubescent. The discoidal excavation of the thorax does not extend much
in front of the middle.

Crossidius ? h i r t i p e s, ater, thorace confertim punctato, latitudine breviore,
lateribus obtuse armatis, basi marginata, disco utrinque pone medium subfo-
veato, elytris confertim subtilius punctatis, fulvis, sutura basique nigro-margi-
natis, abdomine sanguineo, basi obscuro ; subtus parcius longe pilosus, tibiis
intus dense pilosis. Long. *5

One specimen, Wenass river to Fort Colville. The palpi and antennae are
destroyed: it is possible that this should form a separate genus, but the man-
dibles are emarginate at tip as in Crossidius, from which it seems to differ in
having the thorax obtusely armed at the sides, as in Purpuricenus. The upper
surface may have been hairy, as in C. testaceus, but the hair is now en-
tirely removed. The elevated lines of the elytra are hardly visible.

Toxotus flavolineatus, niger, flavo-pubescens, thorace antice posticeque
valde constricto, nitido parcius punctulato, canaliculato, lateribus tuberculo magno
acuto armatis elytris a basi angustatis, thorace duplo latioribus dense punctu-
latis et rugosis, margine a basi fere ad apicem vittaque dorsali postice evanes-
cente antice abbreviata utrinque ornatis, apice intus subtruncata. Long. 1*0.

One specimen, Fort Vancouver to Yokolt Plain. On each side of the yellow
dorsal vitta is a distinct elevated line.

Strangalia vitiosa, nigra, flavo-pubescens, capite rufo-variegato, thorace
confertim punctato, latitudine breviore antrorsum angustato, lateribus subangu-
latis basique subito depressa testaceis, disco nigro, subcanaliculato, postice utrin-
que oblique impresso, elytris punctatis fiavis, a basi angustatis, macula laterali

1854.] VJ

ad medium apiceque late nigris, ilia oblique intus emarginata, pedibus testaceis
femoribus tibiisque posticis ad apicem genubus tarsisque nigris, antennis pallido
annulatis. Long. -7.

Two specimens, one having the third joint of the antennae black, the other,
having it pale at the base, like the following joints : Fort Vancouver and Prairie
Paso. This species resembles very closely S. obliterata, but the thorax is
shorter and more dilated posteriorly; the impressions are much stronger, and the
disc is separated from the base by a sudden declivity ; the basal margin is also
yellow, and there is no trace of the two elytral spots before the middle ; the
apex of the elytra is not at all rufous.

In the description of S. obliterata (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 328) the
testaceous sides of the thorax and the annulate antennas are not mentioned ;
they were overlooked on account of the dark color of the specimen from which
the description was made.

Plectrura product a, nigro-picea, parce griseo pubescens, guttulis flavo-pu-
bescentibus parce adspersa, confertim rugose punctata, thorace callo dorsali
parvo, elytris callis subquinque-seriatis nitidis parce ornatis, apice non crenula-
tis, singulatim longe acuminatis, antennis annulatis. Long. 5.

One specimen, Fort Vancouver. This species does not agree with the des-
cription of P. sprnicauda Mann. (Bull. Mosc. 1852, 366). The thorax has a
strong: lateral spine, with some smaller ones around it, as required in the generic
description, but the tips of the elytra are not crenulate; the smooth tubercles
form five series, of which only the outer one is entire; the others are imperfect,
containing only three or four tubercles each ; the sutural one is indistinct, the
second ends just behind the middle ; the third and fourth are abbreviated at each
end, commencing about one-third from the base, and ending at one-fifth from the
apex ; the scutellum and a little thoracic line anterior to it are more densely
pubescent, with yellow hair, than any other portions.

Tetraopes oregonensis, niger, capite thorace elytrisque coccineis (pallide
pubescens ?) thorace nigro-4-punctato, disco medio subito elevato, antice pos-
ticeque valde constricto, lateribus subito valde dilatatis, parcius punctate
elytris parce punctatis puncto humerali, duobus ante medium, altero utrinque
pone medium, scutelloque nigris, pedibus antennarumque articulo lmo coccineis.
tarsis, genubus, tibiisque posticis nigris. Long. -55.

Wenass River to Fort Colville. This species has the form of T.femora-
t us Lee, but the thorax is still more dilated on the sides. From T. basalis
(the only other species known to me in which the base of the antennae is red)
it is easily known by the sudden elevation of the disc of the thorax. The
pubescence has been removed by the alcohol, and I am therefore uncertain
whecher the antennae are annulated. The black spots of the elytra are in the
usual position, but are very small, and, with the exception of the humeral one,
disappear entirely in many specimens.

Coccinella subversa, hemispherica nigra, capite ante oculos albo (ore, cly-
peoque feminae nigris) thorace subtiliter punctulato, lateribus rotundatis, macula
antica ad angulos quadrata, apiceque albis, elytris distincte at subtiliter punctu-
latis scutello nigro, et praecipue macula obliqua ad medium nigra notatis.
Long. '2.

This species resembles closely C. c a lifo r n i c a, but is smaller, and the
elytra are much more distinctly punctulate.

Hippodamia mo est a, rufescente-nigra, nitida, dense subtiliter pur,ctulata,
macula frontali rhomboidea, thoracis margine laterali antice posticeque latiore,
linea media ante medium, guttisque dorsalibus duabus albis, elytris thorace lati-
oribus macula laterali triangulari ad quadratem posticum alba ornatis. Long. 3.

Prairie Paso. The ungues are acutely toothed, as in most species of the genus ;
the white triangular spot of the elytra is between one-fourth and one-fifth from
the apex, and is somewhat dilated along the margin in one specimen.

Necrophorus p o 1 1 i n c t o r, niger, thorace ovali, transverso, marginibus late
depressis, disco tenuiter canaliculato, fortius transversim impresso, elytris par-

20 [FEBRUARY^

cius punctatis macula ad medium laterali in epipleuram extenso, aJteraque parva
lunata anteapicali rubris, pectore flavo-pubescente, abdomine breviter griseo-
ciliato, tibiis posticis rectis. Long. -58.

Fort Vancouver to Yokolt Plain. Of the species found in the Atlantic States,
this approaches most nearly toN. sexpustulatus; the thorax is almost pre-
cisely as in that species, but is more profoundly impressed j the margin is punc-
tured, the disc in one specimen is smooth, in the other obsoletely punctulate^
The antennae are entirely black.

Necrophorus confossor, niger, thorace ovali, transverso marginibus punc-
tatis late depressis, disco parce punctulato canaliculato, transversim valde im-
presso, elytris sat punctatis fasciis duabus dentatis (prima ad suturam extendente.
epipleurisque auruntiacis, pectore anoque fiavo-piloso, antennarum clava aurun-
tiaca basi nigro-picea tibiis posticis rectis. Long. '68.

One specimen, Prairie Paso. This species closely resembles in appearance
N. marginatus, but the thorax is less narrowed posteriorly, and the depressed
margins are considerably broader, being, in fact, very much as in the preceding
species, or N. n i g r i t a.

Alophus d idy m u s, niger, opacus, ochreo-fusco subtiliter dense pubescens y
rostro canaliculato, thorace dense punctato, latitudine vix breviore antice pro-
funde constricto lateribus antice paulo rotundatis tenuiter canaliculato, vitta
utrinque sublaterali densius pallide pubescente, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus,
dense subtiliter rugose punctulatis, ochreo nigroque subtesselatis, gutta utrinque
ante medium, alteraque ad dodrantem densius pallide pubescentibus. Long. *48.

Fort Vancouver ; collected also by the late J. K. Townsend. Somewhat
smaller and narrower than A. alternatus Say, and readily distinguished by the
different form of the thorax and by the entire absence of elytral striae. I have
adopted the name under which it is known in the Berlin Museum.

I have several species of Curculionidae, from various sources, collected in Ore-
gon, but being unable to determine with certainty the genera to which they belong,
and being in truth not at all satisfied with the elaborate arrangement used by
Schonherr, I forbear describing them until I can bring them all together ; re-
flecting that more confusion may be produced by referring a species to an impro-
per genus, than by suffering it to remain undescribed.

Synopsis of the CEde.meridje of the United States.
By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Although I can contribute but two new species, at present, to this small
family of Coleopterous insects, it seems desirable that a concise list of the
species already described should be presented, as the descriptions have become
somewhat scattered, and some of the species have been placed in wrong genera.
The trenera allied to Xylophilus are placed in this family by some entomologists,
but the association does not seem natural, and the species are therefore not in-
cluded in this synopsis.

Calopus Fabr.

1. C. angustus Lee. Ann. Lye. of New York, 5-, 158- Santa Fe, New
Mexico.

Ditylus Fisch.
J. D. quadricollis Lee Ann. Lye. 5, 157. Oregon.

2. D. c ce r u 1 e us Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd, 1, 96. Upis carulens
Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 20. Maine and Lake Superior.

This species is very closely allied to D. lae v is of Europe, but differs by the
thorax being finely punctured, less rounded on the sides, less narrowed posteri-
orly, and by the basal angles being less prominent.

3. D. gracilis Lee Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 7, 18% Oregon^

1854.] 21

Anoncodes Schmidt, {emend. Redt.)

1. A. melanura Redt. Kafer, 623. Cantharis mel. Linn. Syst. Nat. Necy-
dalis notata Fabr. Ent. Syst. 2, 353 : Syst. El. 2, 371. (Edemera a.picialis Say,
Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1, 188. Nacerdes melamtra Schm. Linn. Entom. 1.29 :
Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2nd, 1, 96.

For the complete synonymy of this species, which is found on both conti-
nents, see Schmidt's memoir above quoted, and Redtenbacher's Kiifer, p. 623.
The insect is most abundant in the vicinity of our cities, and has probably been
introduced by commerce. The synonymy omitted relates to its occurrence on
the eastern continent, and therefore has no place in our local fauna. Redten-
bacher very properly unites Nacerdes with Anoncodes.

Asclera Schmidt.

1. A. dorsalis. Nacerda dorsalis Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 55.
* Xanthochroa vittata Say,' Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc 2nd, 1, 96. Sea shore,
South Carolina, Texas : abundant in June. The anterior tibiae have two dis-
tinct terminal spurs, so that the species cannot be referred to either of the
genera in which it has been previously placed. I can see no reason why it
should be separated from Asclera, with many of the species of which it
agrees in form.

2. A. taeniata, elongata, testacea tenuiter pubescens, thorace obovato,
latitudine longiore, confertim punctulato, disco utrinque ante medium late im-
presso, lateribus piceis, elytris confertim punctulatis, piceis, margine suturaque
testaceis, abdomine picescente, antennarum articulo lmo 3io longiore. Long.
28 36.

Georgia: although resembling the next species in color, this is readily dis-
tinguished by the absence of elevated lines on the elytra, and by the basal joint
of the antennae being longer than the third joint : the thorax is also of a different
form, being regularly obovate, and without a transverse impression. The an-
tennae and anterior tibiae are sometimes slightly fuscous.

3. A. lateralis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2d, 1, 96. Nacerda lateralis
Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 54. A. signaticollis Hald. loc. cit. 96. Mid-
dle and Southern States.

A. signaticollis Hald. is merely a variety of this species in which the brown
color has extended over the greater part of the head and legs, and in which the
testaceous margin of the elytra has also disappeared.

4. A. bicolor Lee Ann. Lye. 5, 158. Oregon.

5. A. thoracica Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc 2d, 1, 97. Necydalis thora-
cica Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 370. Olivier, Enc Meth. 8. 447. (Edemera fraxini Say,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 272. Middle and Southern States.

6. A. notoxoides Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1, 96. Necydalis
notoxoides Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 369. Olivier, Enc Meth. 8, 447. Southern States.

7. A. excavata Lee Am. 5, 158. San Diego, California.

8. A.ruficollis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. 1,96. (Edemera
rvficollis Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 271. Ischnomera carinata Newm. Ent. Mag. 5,
378. Middle and Southern States.

9. A. puncticollis Hald. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2d ser. I, 96. (Edemera
puncticollis Say. Journ. Acad. 3, 273. Lake Superior and New York; Missouri,
(Say).

10. A. o b s c u r a, nigro-picea, opaca, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, ore rufescente,
thorace latitudine breviore, obovato, subtiliter dense punctato rufo disco pur-
purascente, callo ad medium sublsvi, tenuiter canaliculato, basi distinctius
marginata, elytris subtiliter dense punctulatis lineis duabus obsoletis elevatis,
antennarum articulo lmo 3io non longiore. Long. -44.

Two specimens Sta Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. The thorax is broader,
and anteriorly more narrowed behind than in any other of our species. The last
(11th) joint of the antennae is nearly one half longer than the 10th, and is dis

oo

[February.

tinctly constricted as in Ditylus at the middle. The labrum and base of the
mandibles are reddish ; and the thorax is ferruginous, exhibiting a violet tinge at
the middle of the disc, where there is an indistinct smooth space.

(Edemera vestita Say, Journ. Acad. 3, 273. Missouri. Unknown to me.

(Edemera erythrocephala Germ. Ins. Nov. 167. Kentucky; probably
A sclera, but unknown to me.

Ischnomera unicolor Mels. Proc. Acad. 3, 54, is very similar and per-
haps identical with the European Asclera ccerulea.

' Dryops rufifrons, cyanea, capite thoraceque rufis.' Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1,
2, 76; Syst. El. 2, 68. Unknown to me.

A letter was read from Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., dated February
3d, 1854, accepting the appointment to deliver an Address before the
Academy on the 21st of March next, the anniversary of its foundation.

Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Publication Committee, reported the pub-
lication of Part 4, Yol. 2, new series, of the Journal.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

Mr. Vaux read a letter from Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, dated Wash-
ington, Dec. 20th, 1854, transmitting a portion of a highly interesting
Meteorite from Tennessee, and asking in exchange fragments of Me-
teorites in the Cabinet of the Academy, for analysis.

Referred to the Committee on Mineralogy.

ELECTION.

George Harding, Esq. and Fairman Rogers, Esq., of Philadelphia,
Dr. Thomas J. Turner, U. S. Navy, and George Dock, M. D., of
Harrisburg, were elected Members; and Charles Enderlin, M, D,, of
New York, was elected a Correspondent.

1854.] 23

March 7th, 1854..

Dr. Elwyn in the Chair.
Letters were read :

From the American Philosophical Society, dated Feb. 17th, 1854 ;
from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, dated Feb. 21, 1854,
and from the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 2,
1854, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Publications of the
Academy.

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 2,
1853, transmitting the volumes acknowledged this evening.

The Corresponding Secretary read a printed circular from the Port-
land (Maine) Natural History Society, dated Jan., 1854, giving an ac-
count of the destruction by fire of their entire Cabinet and Library, and
soliciting donations in aid of a renewal of the same.

Referred to the Curators and Library Committee, with power to act.

A paper, intended for publication in the Proceedings, was read, en-
titled " Descriptions of new species of Fishes collected in Texas, New
Mexico and Sonora, by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican
Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Capt. Stewart Yan Yliet, U. S. A.,
Part 2 ; by S. F. Baird and C. Girard." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr.
Hallowell and Mr. Cassin.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled u Note on the genus Amblychila, Say; which was referred' to
Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Ashmead and Dr. Leidy.

Mr. Conrad presented the following papers, viz., " Rectification of the
generic names of Tertiary Fossil shells," and " Notes on Shells, with
descriptions of three recent and one fossil species/' both of which, being
intended for publication, were referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Hanson and
Dr. Le Conte.

Mr. Cassin announced the decease of Mr. John Speakman, one of the
few remaining founders of the Academy.

March lAth.
Yice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from George Dock, M. D., dated Harrisburg, Penna.,
March 4th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as
a member.

Also a letter from G. H. Kuntz, of Leipzig, dated Feb. 11, 1854, in
reference to a collection of Birds' Eggs for sale in that city, with a cata-
logue of prices. Referred to the Curators.

March 2Sth.

Yice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committees, to which were referred papers read March 7th, by
Prof. Baird and Charles Girard, by Dr. Le Conte, and by Mr. Conrad,
severally reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings.

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. II. 3

24 [March.

Descriptions of new species of Fishes collected in Texas, New Mexico and So-
nora, by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey,
and in Tjx*s by Capt. Stewart Van Vliet, U. S. A.*

By F. S. Baird and Charles Girard.

Second Part.

VERC0ID2E.

1. Pomotis spectosus, B. and G. Body ovate, gibbous on the nape; snout
small. Head forming the fourth of the total length. Eyes large, their diameter
one fourth of the length of the side of the head. Mouth small, posterior ex-
tremity of intermaxillary extending to a vertical line passing in advance of the
orbit. Peduncle of the tail well developed; caudal with its posterior margin
emarginated, and forming lictle less than the fifth of the total length. Pectorals
elongated, their tips reaching as far backwards as those of the ventrals, and to
the anterior margin of the anal. Scales of lateral line, 43.

D X. 11. A III. 11. C 4. I. 8. 7. I. 3. V I. 5. P 11.

Ground color, as preserved in alcohol, brownish; lighter beneath. A narrow
blackish vitta on each side near the dorsal line, following the curve of the back.
Posterior portion of soft dorsal provided with a large subcircular black spot.
Anal and ventrals blackish. Pectorals yellowish. Opercular flap moderate,
black.

Brownsville, Texas. Capt. Van Vliet. J. H. Clark.

2. Pomotis fallax, B. and G. Body short and high, thicker, and head and
mouth larger than in P. speciosus. Body depressed at the nape. Outline of
head more oblique, at an angle of about 45 degrees with the axis of the body.
A vertical line erected at the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass
along the anterior edge of the pupil to the line of insertion of head and body.
Opercular flap very large and black. Peduncle of the tail shorter than in P.
speciosus, as also the pectorals, which de not reach as far back as the filamentous
tips of the external soft ray of the ventrals. Scales of lateral line, 39.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. 1. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 14.

Deep blackish brown above, yellowish beneath. Bluish dots on the sides of
head, sometimes confluent into irregular lines. A small dark spot at the poste-
rior and basal portion of the soft dorsal fin. Ventrals blackish.

Elm Creek, Texas. J. H. Clark.

3. Pomotis convexifrons, B. and G. Allied to the two preceding species in
general appearance. The nape is little if at all depressed. A vertical line
erected from the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass along the an-
terior border of the pupil and fall considerably behind the line of junction of
head and body ; angle of outline of head with the axis of body, more than 45.
Scales in lateral line, 37. Peduncle of tail short. Opercular flap black and
larger than in P. fall ax. The spiny dorsal is highest upon its middle, and the
external soft ray of ventrals not prolonged into a thread.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. I. 8. 7. 1. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

Color uniform reddish brown ; fins light greyish. Posterior and basal portion
of soft dorsal provided with a small roundish spot. Ventrals blackish.
Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

4. Pomotis nefastcjs, B. and G. General form more elongated than in P.
convexifrons, and less so than in P. aquilensis. Outline nearly straight along
nape. Opercular flap small, black, narrowly margined with blue. Head form-
ing two-sevenths of the total length. Eyes rather large, their diameter forming
the fourth of the length of side of head. Mouth rather small ; a vertical line
erected from the posterior extremity of the maxillary, would pass between the

anterior edge of the orbit and the pupil, and fall considerably anterior to the

* The species described in this paper from the waters of western Texas and
those emptying into the Gila, were collected while the Boundary Survey was in
charge of Col. J. D. Graham ; the others while under Major W- H. Emory.

1854.] 25

nuchal line. Caudal fin posteriorly emarginated. Spiny dorsal comparatively
low. Soft part of dorsal and of anal well developed. Tip of ventrals reaching
the anterior margin of anal. Pectorals not extending quite as far back. Scales
along lateral line, 45.

D'XI. 10. A III. 10. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2 V I. 5. P 14.

Uniform reddish brown, lighter on lower part of flanks. A small black spot
at the posterior basal part of the soft dorsal. Dorsals, caudal and anal greyish,
with a darker margin. Ventrals and pectorals yellowish.

Rio Cibolo and Rio Salado, Texas. J. H. Clark.

5. Pomotis heros, B. and G General outline subelliptical. Nape depressed.
Head forming the third of the length, not including the caudal fin. Caudal
entering for about five times in the total length. Eyes large, and contained
four times, by their diameter, in the length of side of head. Mouth small ; pos-
terior extremity of intermaxillaries not extending beyond a vertical from the
anterior rim of the orbit. Pectorals very long, their tip reaching backwards as
far as the second soft ray of anal fin. Tip of ventrals extending to the first spine
of the anal. Caudal crescent-shaped. Spiny dorsal elevated.

D X. 12. A III. 11. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

Color uniform blackish brown. Pectorals yellowish; other fins greyish. Oper-
cular flap black with a whitish border,

Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

6. Bryttus longtjlus, B. and G. Pomotis longulus, B. and G. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sc, Philada. vi. 1853, 391; and in Marcy's Expl. Red River, La., 1853.
PI. xii., page 245.

The specimens are larger than those previously described. The coloration is
likewise better preserved.

D X. 11. A III. 9. C 3. I. 8. 7. I. 2. V I. 5. P 13.

The ground color, as preserved in alcohol, is reddish brown with minute im-
punctures of greyish, the dorsal and anal being provided posteriorly, the first with
a subcircular, large black spot, the second with an elongated spot of the same
color, and extending nearly to the whole base of the soft part of that fin. The
pectorals and caudal are uniform greyish, the latter having a yellowish border.
Ventrals and external half of* anal yellowish.

Rio Cibolo, trib. of Rio San Antonio, Texas. J. H. Clark.

7. Grystes nuecensis, B. and G. Head forming four-thirteenths of the entire
length. Mouth deeply cleft ; its angle reaching a vertical passing backwards of
the eye; lower jaw longer than the upper. Eyes rather large ; their diameter
contained six times in the length of side of head. Scales on the cheeks a little
smaller than those on the opercular apparatus. First dorsal lower than the second,
caudal subcrescentic posteriorly. Anal extending a little further behind the
second dorsal, though shorter and less deep.

D X. 13. A III. 11. C 4. I. 8. 8. 1. 3. VI.5.P 15.

Ground color of back black, clouded with greyish brown. Sides dull yellow-
grey, with an interrupted darker band. Beneath light yellow.
Rio Frio and Rio Nueces, Texas. J. H. a Clark.

LABRIBJE.

HERICHTHYS, B. and G. Body compressed ; outline subelliptical ; frontal
region convexe. Teeth small, subcorneal, simple, anterior row the most con-
spicuous. Lower lip entire. Five branchiostegal rays. Ventrals, dorsal and
anal fins acuminated ; caudal rounded. Five or six spiny rays to the anal. Scales
large ; lateral line interrupted posteriorly.

Obs. This genus has strong affinities with Heros of Heckel, from which it
chiefly differs by the structure of tlTe anterior row of maxillary teeth, which are
simple, instead of bein^ provided with lateral hooks. The relative size of the
scales will likewise afford another generic feature of no small importance.

8. Herichthys cyanoguttatus, B. and G. Head forming about two-sevenths
of the entire length. Snout subconical, detached from the frontal line by a de-

26 [March,

pression in advance of the eye. Jaws equal. Three irregular rows of minute
teeth situated behind an anterior and more conspicuous row. Eyes rather lar^e
and circular, their diameter being contained four times and a half in the length
of side of head. Posterior part of cheeks scaly ; large scales on the opercular
apparatus. Anterior margin of dorsal situated in advance of the insertion of
ventrals; tip of posterior rays extending a little beyond the tip of those of anal.
Insertion of ventrals backwards of base of pectorals ; external soft ray much
longer than the others. The caudal forms about the two-ninths of the entire
length.

D XVI. 9. + 1. A V. 6 + 1. C 2. I. 7. 7.1. 3. V I. 5. P 14.

The scales are quite large ; there being 19-20 rows of them across the line of
greatest depth, and eighteen in the lateral line, from upper angle of operculum
to where it is interrupted, and eight more beneath on the peduncle of the tail.
Ground color brownish, with small bluish spots scattered all over the body and
fins.

Brownsville, Texas (fresh water). Capt. Van Vliet and John H. Clark.

SILURIDjE.

AILURICHTHYS, B. and G. Head depressed, subrounded, smooth and un-
armed. Two pairs of flattened barbels, a maxillary pair, sometimes very much
elongated, and a submaxillary one, always shorter. Velvet teeth on the rnaxil-
laries, and a band of similar teeth immediately behind the upper maxillary. An-
terior margin of both dorsal and pectoral fins prolonged into a membranous
thread, more or less elongated according to the species. An adipose fin opposite
the anal. Caudal more or less forked.

9. Ailurichthys marinus, B. and G. Siluriis marinus, Mitch. Gahichthys
parrce, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. XV. 1840, 33. Gahichthys marinus,
Storer, Synops. 1846, 149.

Indianola, Texas. J. H. Clark.

Obs. We refer to the same genus ; Gahichthys gronovii, G. eydouxii and
G. blochii, of Cuvier and Valenciennes.

10. Arius equestris, B. and G. Maxillary barbels extending to the middle
of length of pectorals. Head contained four times and three-quarters in the total
length. Adipose fin of medium size, and situated opposite to the middle of anal.
The latter is concave upon its external margin, and deeper than long. The an-
terior margin of dorsal is equi-distant between tip of snout and adipose fin. Tip
of pectorals extending as far back as the posterior margin of dorsal. Anterior
margin of dorsal thrice as high as the posterior margin ; superiorly that fin is
subconcave. Longitudinal diameter of eye contained five times in the length of
side of head.

Br. 5. D I. 7. A 16. C 13. I. 7. 7. I. 12. V 6. P I. 9.
Indianola, Texas. J. H. Clark

JV.

11. Pimelodus affinis, B. and G. Very closely allied to P. cmruhscens,
Rafin. and distinguished from it by a more advanced position of the dorsal fin
and a greater elongation of the barbels. The head is contained five times and a
half in the entire length. The caudal is about the same length as the head. The
length of the anal fin is a little more than the fourth of the length, as in P. c&ru-
lescens. The eyes are of medium size, and their diameter contained a little over
six times in the length of side of head.

D I. 6. A 35. C 5. I. 8. 7. 1. 6. V 8. P I. 10.

Color reddish brown above, silvery white beneath ; occasionally marked with
subcircular and small black spots.

Rio Grande del Norte. J. H. Clark.

CHARACINI.

ASTYANAX, B. and G Adipose fin present. Abdominal line not serrated. A
double row of teeth on both the upper and lower jaw, and flattened with several
conical spines or processes upon their edge. Neither canine nor palative teeth.
Dorsal fin above the ventrals. Scales large.

1854.] 27

12. Astyanax argeis-tatus, B. and G. Body very much compressed. Head
short, forming about the fifth of the entire length. Eyes lar^e and circular.
Mouth of medium size, its angles not extending to the vertical of the pupil.
Opercular apparatus quite narrow. Dorsal fin subquadrangular, higher tinm
long, slightly concave upon its upper margin, its origin being midway between
tip? of snout and base of caudal fin. Adipose slender, opposite the posterior
portion of anal. Caudal deeply forked and longer than the head. Anal very
long, exteriorly concave, much deeper anteriorly than posteriorly, and situated
behind the dorsal. Ventrals immediately under the dorsal, and rather slender.
Pectorals likewise slender, their tips, however, do not reach the base of ventrals.

D I. 10. A I. 20+1. C 5. I. 9. 8. I. 4. V 8. P 13.

Scales higher than long, somewhat truncated anteriorly ; their surface exhibit-
ing several very marked diverging striae. Lateral line conspicuous, slightly in-
clined downwards.

Back deep reddish brown. Sides silvery. Belly reddish. Fins reddish yel-
low. An elongated black spot at the base of the tail, extending along the cen-
tral ray of caudal fin.

Upper tributaries of Rio Nueces. J. H. Clark.

CYPRINID^.

13. Catostojius congestus, B. and G. At first sight this species calls to mind
C. gibhosus, by its short and contracted shape ; it differs from it, however, in
the scales and form of the fins. The head is contained five times and a half in
the total length. The snout is blunt, abruptly truncated, and the mouth very
small. The eyes are large, subelliptical, and their longitudinal diameter con-
tained four times in the length of the head from the tip of snout to posterior mar-
gin of opercular apparatus. The dorsal fin is subquadrangular, its anterior mar-
gin being nearer to the tip of snout than to the base of caudal. The caudal is
semilunar, with the lobes rounded. The anal is narrow, its length less than the
half its height. The ventrals are inserted under the middle of the dorsal. The
tip of pectorals does not reach the base of ventrals.

D II. 12 ; A I. 7+1 ; C 4. 1. 8. 8. I. 3; V 9 ; P 17.

The scales are large, there are fourteen rows across the line of greatest depth
of body. The lateral line, which runs straight along the middle of the side,
contains about forty-six scales.

The color as preserved in alcohol is uniform reddish brown above, lighter be-
neath, sides silvery. The fins are all unicolored, and of the tint of the region
to which they belong.

Rio Salado, Texas. John H. Clark.

14. Catostomus clarkii, B. and G. A rather small and short species, in shape
subfusiform and compressed. The dorsal line is gently arched. Head small,
subcorneal, truncated anteriorly, forming a little less than the sixth of the total
length of tbu fish. The eyes are subcircular, of medium size, their diameter
being contained about four times in the length of side of head. The mouth is
larger than in C. covgextus, and surrounded with more developed lips. The up-
per margin of dorsal fin is slightly concave, its anterior margin as high as long.
The caudal is subcrescentric posteriorly, with rounded lobes. The insertion of
the anal is narrow, its height is twice and a half the width. The insertion of
ventrals is under the posterior third of the dorsal. The pectorals are elongated
and of medium development.

D II. 114 1 ; A II. 7 ; C 5. I. 8. 8. I. 4 ; V 10 ; P 17.

The scales are rather lame; about twenty rows across a line from base of ven-
trals to anterior margin of dorsal. Sixty-eight to seventy scales in the lateral
line, which extends to caudal fin.

Colors in alcohol : greyish brown above, with scattered darker nebulous spots;
sides greyish; belly whitish ; fins unicolor, vertical ones greyish; horizontal
ones yellowish.

Rio Santa Cruz, Gila. John H. Clark.

28 [March,

15. Catostomus plebeius, B. and G. Body subfusiform, compressed. Head
elongated, subcorneal, forming the fifth of the entire length. Mouth of medium
size. Eyes large, subelliptical, their longitudinal diameter being contained
about five times in the length of side of head. Dorsal fin subquddrangular, its
anterior margin being equi-distant between the tip of snout and the first rudi-
mentary rays of the upper lobe of the caudal. The latter is slightly concave
posteriorly, and the lobes rounded off. The base of the anal is contained nearly
three times in its height, and when brought backwards its tip extends to the ru-
dimentary rays of the inferior lobe of the caudal fin. The ventrals are inserted
under the posterior, third of the dorsal, bent backwards their tip does not reach
as far as the anus. The pectorals are of medium development, subovate, pointed
posteriorly.

D I. 9+1. A I. 7. C 3. I. 8. 8. I. 2. V 8. P 14.

The scales are of medium size, considerably the largest on the peduncle of
the tail. Twenty-eight to thirty rows from the base of the ventrals to the dor-
sal fin. About eighty in the lateral line, which is not discernible as far as the
base of caudal fin.

The color, as preserved in alcohol,' is dark brown on the upper regions, faintly
mottled with blackish patches. The sides and belly exhibit traces of orange in
some of the specimens, in others it is pale yellowish. The fins are unicolor,
the dorsal, caudal, and pectorals blackish brown ; the anal and ventrals
yellowish.

Rio Mimbres, trib. of Gila. John H. Clark.

16. Catostomus tnsignis, B.andG. Subfusiform, elongated, compressed. Head
forming two-ninths of the total length. Mouth of medium size, surrounded with
considerably developed lips. Eyes large, subelliptical; their longitudinal diam-
eter contained almost six times in the length of side of head. The dorsal fin is
subquadrangular, its anterior margin is situated midway between the snout and
base of caudal fin. The latter is posteriorly forked, with its angles subacute.
The anal is quite narrow and elongated, its base enters three times in the length
of its anterior margin. The ventrals are inserted under the posterior half of the
dorsal, their tip posteriorly does not reach the vent. The pectorals are elonga-
ted, their tips not extending as far back as the anterior margin of the dorsal.

D II. 11. A II. 7+1. C 3. I. 8. 8. I. 3. V 10. P 18.

The scales are large, there are twenty rows between the base of ventrals and
the dorsal line. The lateral line takes a straight course along the middle of the
sides and is composed of about sixty scales.

The color, as preserved in alcohol, is dark reddish brown above and on the
sides, lighter beneath. There is a black dot at the base of each scale, giving a
dotted appearance to the body. The fins are unicolor.

Rio San Pedro of the Rio Gila. John H. Clark.

17. Cailpiodes tumidtjs, B. andG. Head forming four-nineteenths of the total
length. Snout conical. Mouth very small and protruding. Lips small. Eyes
very large, their diameter contained four times in the length of side of head.
Anterior margin of dorsal equi-distant between the tip of snout and base of cau-
dal, the posterior portion of which is very low. Tip of anal extending to base
of caudal. Tip of ventrals reaching as far back as the vent. Tip of pectorals
extending almost to base of ventrals. Caudal fin forked, and about the same
length as the head.

JJ II. 27. A II. 9. C 5. I. 8. 8. I. 4. V II. 9. P 16.

Thirteen rows of scales may be counted on the line of greatest depth, and
thirty-seven or thirty-eight scales on the lateral line.

Color lisjht reddish brown above and yellowish white beneath.
Near Fort Brown, Texas. John H. Clark.

18. Gila gibbosa, B. and G. Body rather thick; dorsal region between dorsal
and occiput more arched than generally observed in the genus. Head forming a
little less than the fourth of the entire length ; greatest depth nearly equal to the
length of head. Eyes quite large, their diameter contained five times in the
length of the side of head. Anterior margin and dorsal nearer to the base of

1854.] 29

caudal than to the tip of snout. Ventrals, as usual, in advance of the dorsal, and
anal behind the latter. Greatest length of caudal constituting nearly the seventh
of the entire length. The scales assume a greater uniformity according to the
resions than in the other species hitherto described.

D I. 8+1. A I. 9. C 5. I. 9. 8. I. 4. V 9. P. 17.

Color in alcohol ; dark reddish brown above, and on the side ; dull yellow
beneath.

Rio Santa Cruz, tributary of the Gila John H. Clark.

19. Gila pulchella, B. and G. Allied to the preceding species, from which it
can be distinguished by the more slender body and head. The head is shorter.
The mouth smaller. The greatest depth is contained about five times in the en-
tire length ; in Gila gibbosa but four times. Diameter of the eye entering five
times and a half in the length of the side of head. Length -of caudal forming
about the sixth of the entire length. Two rudiments of spines at the anterior
margin of dorsal, instead of one.

D IT. 9. A I. 9. C 4. I. 9. 8. 1. 3. V 9. P 17.

Color, greyish brown above and on the side : dingy yellow beneath.

Rio Mimbres, tributary of the Gila. John H. Clark.

'Rectification of the generic names of Tertiary Fossil Shells.

By T. A. Conrad.

Since the publication of several papers on Tertiary fossils, I have, with the
aid of more numerous works of reference, been enabled to rectify the nomen-
clature of some genera, selecting the earliest authority, whether the author had
published a diagnosis or only indicated a genus by refeience to atypical species.

GLYCIMERIS, Lam.

G. americana, Con. ; G. reflexa, Say ; G. elongata, Co??., 1535 ; G. goldfussii,
Wagner ; G. elongata, Con. ; G. porrecta, Con. ; (Panop^ea.)

Gloss us, Poli.

G. rusticus, Sowerby ; G. Markoei, Con. (Isocardia.)

Syndosmya, Recluz.

S. aequata, Con. ; S. constricta, Con. ; S. linosa, Con. ; S. mississippiensis,.
Con.; S. nuculoides Con.; S. protexta, Con.; S. subobliqua, Con.; S. subre-
flexa, Co??. (Aiuphidesma.)

Mytiltjs, Lin.
M. incurvus, Con. (Myoconcha incurva, Con.)

Navicula, Blai?i.
N. Marylandica, Con, ; N. cuculloides, Con. ; N. lima, Con. ; N. mississippi-
ensis, Co?i. ; N. protracta, Con. (Byssoarca.)

Leda, Sch?i??i. Nucula, Lam.

L. acuta, Con. ; L. sequalis, Co??. ; L. bella, Con. ; L. calcarensis, Con. ; L.
carolinensis, Co?i. ; L. ccslata, Co?i. ; L. concentrica, Say; L. cultelliformis,
Rodgers ; L. laevis, Say ; L. liciata, Con.; L. limaluta, Say ; L. mucronata,
Con. ; L. opulenta, Co??. ; L. parva, Rodgers ; L. serica, Co??. ; L. subtrigona,
Con. ; L. tellinula, Co?i. ; (Nucula.)

Mercenaeia, Schttm. Venus, Li?i.

M. capax, Co??. ; M. Ducatellii, Co??. ; M. Mortoni, Co?i. ; M. permagna, Co??.;
M. Rileyi, Co??. ; M. staminea, Con. ; M. tetrica, Co??. ; M. tridacnoides. Lam.
(Venus.)

Meretrix, Lam. Cytherea, Lam,

M. a?quorea, Co?i. ; M. albaria, Say ; M. astartaeformis, Co??. ; M. carolinen-

30 [March,

sis, M. discoidalis. Can.; M. elevata, Con.; M. eversa, Con.; M. fioridana,
Con. ; M. imitabilis, Con. ; M. lenticularis, Co?/. ; M. liciata, Con. ; M. Mary-
landica, Con. ; M. metastriata, Con. ; M. Mississipppiensis, CW. ; M. Mortoni,
Con,. ; M. Nuttallii, Con. ; M. obovata, Con. ; M. ovata, Rodgers ; M. pandata,
Co?i. ; M. perbrevis, Con. ; M. perovata, Con. ; M. Poulsoni, Con. ; M. pyga,
Con. ; M. reposta, Co. ; M. Sayana, Con. ; M. semipunctata, Con. ; M. sobrina,
Con. ; M. subimpressa, Con.; M. subnasuta, Co. (Cytherea.)

Schizodesma, Gray. Mactra, Lin.
S. delumbis, Con. ; S. ponderosa, Con. (Mactra.)

Mactropsis, Con.
M. aequorea, Con. ; M. rectilinearis, Con. (Triquetra, Con.)

Arcopagia, Leach. Tellina.
A. biplicata, Con. (Tellina.)

Neithea, Drouet.
N. Humphreysii, Con. ; N. Poulsoni, Con. (Pecten.)

Cyclas, Klein.

C. acclinis, Con. ; C. alveata, Con. ; C. anodonta, Say ; C. carinifera, Con. ,
C. contracta, Say ; C. crenulata, Con. ; C. cribraria, Say : C. dolabra, Con. ;
C. Foremani, C n. ; C. Jamaicensis, Lam. ; C. metastriata, Con. ; C. mississip-
piensis, Con. ; C. modesta, Con. ; C. multistriata, Con. ; C. pandata, Con. ; C.
perlevis, Con.; C. pomilia, Con.; C. radians, Con. ; C. squamosa, Lam. ; C.
subobliqua, iSy ; C. subplanata, Con. ; C subvexa, Con. ; C. 3ymmetrica, Co?z. ;

C. trisulcata, Co?/. ; C. undula, Con. (Lucina.)

Dosinia, Scopoli.

D. (venus) concentrica ? Bom ; (D. acetabulum, Con. ;) D. elegans, Con. ;

D. (cytherea) lenticularis, Rodgers ; D. (cytherea) excavata, Morton ; D. discus,
Reeve. (Artemis.)

The last is a recent species, and the two preceding Cretaceous. D'Orbigny
makes D. acetabulum distinct from D. concentrica.

UNIVALVES.

Ancilla, Lam,

A. altilis, Con. ; A. lymneiodes, Con. ; A. scamba, Con. ; A. subglobosa,
Con. ; A. tenera, Con. (Ancillaria.)

Crucibtjl.um, Mont.

C. constrictum, Con. ; C. costata, Say ; C. dumosa, Con. ; C. grandis, Say ;
C. multilineata, Con. ; C. ramosa, Con. (Dispot^ea.)

Galeodia, Link. Morio, Mont.
G. lintea, Con. ; G. (cassis) Hodjjii, Con.; (Casstdaria.)

Stomatia, Browne.

S. (cryptostoma) perspectiva, Say; S. arctata, Con,; S. bilix, Con.; S.
canaliculata, Soxv. ; S. declivis, Con.; S. fragilis, Con. ; S. mississippiensis, Con.;
(Sigaretus.)

Busyeox, Bolton.

Linne confounded Murex amanus with a shell described afterwards by La-
marck under the name of Fusus prohoscidifems, by references to figures in
Rhumphius and Gualtieri, but his description applies only to the former {Pyrula
earica, Lam.) The generic name Busyeon founded on this shell has priority over
FrLGUR.

Busyeon canaliculatum, Lin. ; B. aruanum, Gmel. ; B. contrarium, Con.; B.
coronatum, Con. ; B. excavatum, Con. ; B. fusiforme, Con. ; B. incile, Con. ;

1854.] 31

B. maximum, Con. : B. perversum, Lam. ; B. rugosum, Con.; B. tuberculatum,
Con. ; B. gibbosum, Con. The last is a recent species. (Fulgur.)

Sycotypus, Browne. Ficus, Bolton.
S. Mississippiensis, Con.; S. (pyrula) penita, Con.

Porcellana, Adans.

P. crassilabra, Con. ; C. denticulata, Con. ; C. eburneola, Con. ; C larvata,
Con. ; C. limatula, Con. : C. perexigua, Con.

Recent species. P. P. succinea, Con. ; P. albilabris, Co?i. (Marginella.)

Amphiceras, Gronovius.
A. iota, Con. (Ovula.)

Distortrix, Link.
D. crassidens, Con. (Triton.)

Gyrineum, Link.
G. Maclurii, Con, (Ranella.)

Yolutilithes, Swains.
V. Sayana, Con. ; V. petrosa, Con. (Voluta.)

Svvainson includes in this genus the volutes with a callus, as V. rarispina, of
which I have proposed the genus Atiileta.

Turris, Humph.
Gray refers Pleurotoma, Lam. to this genus, but Hermannsen, Turritella.
Where there is no diagnosis, and such discrepancy of opinion exists, Turris can
hardly be acknowledged.

Notes on Shells, with descriptions of three recent and one Fossil Species.

By T. A. Conrad.

Gxathodon flexuosum, Con. Amer. Journal of Science and Arts, Vol. 3S ,
p. 93, (figured,) 1840.

G. rostratum, Petit. 1853. Rev. et Mail, de Zool., p. 552.

G. trigonum, Petit, is probably identical with G. Lecontei, Con., fossil in Cali-
fornia. Journ, Acad. Nat. Sc, Jan., 1853. Petit's description was published
July, 1853.

Note on the genus Trigonella, Con.
This name being superseded, I propose to substitute that of Pachydesma.

Description of a new Dolium.

~D. album. Oblong-suboval, with convpx ribs, which are closely arranged,
except on the shoulder; about 18 on the body whorl ; spire conical, with rounded
volutions, columella perforated at base; lip simple, margin acute.

This species most nearly resembles D. penlix in form, but is proportionally
much narrower, with the ribs more distant and prominent on the shoulder, and
with a channel round the suture which the other does not possess. The spire is
less elevated, the species much smaller, and the color nearly white without spots.

Description of a veto Conularia.

C indentata. Elongated, quadrate, tapering very gradually, angles some-
what truncated and crossed by numerous indentations ; surface minutely granu-
lated by fine equal decussated iines.

Locality. Galena, 111. IVlr. Germain.

This species has distant septa, and the middle of each side has an obsolete,
slightly impressed, longitudinal line ; on the cast there are two carinated ap-
proximate linps, with an impressed line on each side of them.

4

32 [March,

Description of a new Bulimus.

B. lineolatus. Oblong-ovate, thin, slightly umbilicated ; whorls 6, smooth ;
columella reflected, very narrow ; lip reflected, very thin and acute ; color white
and fulvous, variegated, with dark brown stripes , aperture more than half the
length of the shell ; spire conical.

Inhabits Volcano of Cartago, Costa Rica. t

This species approximates B. paziantis of D'Orbigny, but is more ventricose,
has a shorter spire, broader bands, narrower columella, and the lip is somewhat
reflected, which is not a character of the allied species. That shell has the
aperture less than half the length of the shell, whilst the other has it more
than half its length.

Description of a new Alasmodonta.

Subovate, thin, slightly contracted medially; umbonal slope rounded, slightly
ventricose ; ligament margin elevated ; posterior margin obliquely truncated, the
extremity subangulated and much above the line of the base ; epidermis oliva-
ceous, with a few obscure rays ; cardinal tooth single in the right valve, long,
compressed, elevated, triangular ; in the left valve widely trind, the posterior
lobe obsolete, and situated posterior to the apex; within bluish. Length If,
nearly ; height f.

Locality. J. G. Anthony.

Exteriorly this shell closely resembles 77. eolliuus, Con., when young and
without spines.

N<ote ou the genus Amblychila, Say.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

In a small bottle of specimens of Coleoptera, collected in New Mexico by

Major Sibley, U. S. A., recently sent me through my kind friend Prof. Baird,

was fortunately contained a specimen of Amblychila; as some confusion seems

-still to exist with regard to this very rare insect, a few remarks may not be out

of place.

Fort Union is about seventy miles E. N. E. from Santa Fe, and consequently
ear the base of the Rocky Mountains; it will be remembered that Say's speci-
men was also obtained near the same chain, although at a point farther north.
This fact, as well as the complete agreement of the specimen with Say's de-
scription, fixes it as an authentic type of A. cylindriformis. The outline (Plate 1)
wood cut appended to this note was made by Mr. W. Van Ingen, from a
drawing by G. G. White, and is very accurate in form. It will readily enable
'the necessary comparison to be made wilh the Californian specimen described by
Mr. Reiche, which I believe was afterwards purchased by Baron Chaudoir.

On comparing the New Mexican specimen with Mr. Reiche's figure, (Am.
Ent. Sue Tr., vol. S, pi. 19, also copied into Chenus. Encyc. Hist. Nat.) several
important differences may be perceived: the head and thorax of his is propor-
tionally narrower, and in the enlarged figure of the head, the labium is repre-
sented as having a quite prominent tooth each side of the emarginate medial pro-?
longation, and the lateral angles are rounded; in mine, the labrum each side of
the prolongation is merely slightly sinuous, and the lateral angles are rectangu-
lar, so that the general outline each side of the middle is decidedly concave. The
'large punctures in the side figure seem to form a regular series between the
-costa and the suture, w T hile in mine they are distributed irregularly.

In comparison with the description given by Mr. Reiche (1. c. p. p. 560), I
have only to say, that my specimen shows a quite decided brownish tinge on the
elytra, while the Californian specimen is described as entirely black; and that
the smaller punctures of the elytra are by no means obsolete. Mr. Reiche's re-
mark in the generic description, that the basal tooth of the mandibles is bifid, ap-
plies only to the right mandible : that of the left side has, it is true, a correspond-
ing prominence, but it is so small and so far back, as not to alter rhe outline in
any way, and therefore Mr. Reiche's observation tends to produce confusion.

Proceed. A. N. S. To). VII.

PI. I.

Slmblinbila cpltnbriformts $an.

1854.] 33

I should not at all hesitate, therefore, to consider the Californian A. P i c c o-
1 o m i n i i as distinct from Say's species, were it not for the preposterous collar
which, in Mr. Reiche's figure, is appended to the base of the thorax, and for the
very inaccurate representations given by his draughtsman of the two species of
Omus found in Oregon, (I. c. 7, pi. 10.) Such figures might be excusable in
America, where artists have not yet turned their attention to objects requiring
such accuracy of delineation, but in parts of Europe where accurate figures have
been made, and as the yearly accessions to our scientific libraries show can still
be made, such figures as those published in the Annales above quoted, of Am bly-
chila and Omus, are hardly to be commended.

Having found near San Francisco, in California, some specimens of Omus
californicus Esch., I avail myself of the present occasion to remark, that
it is very closely allied to O. A u do u in i Reiche, and in fact only differs by
having the head and thorax very densely and deeply wrinkled, and the punctures
of the elytra more equal in size : the appearance of rows of punctures jiiven in
the very wretched figure accompanying Eschscholtz' description (Zool. Atl. tab.
4, fig. 1,) and copied by Reiche (1. c. sup ) is hardly apparent.

The epipleurae in Omus are narrow, and defined by an acute line, which unites
with the margin near the apex of the elytra. In Amblychila the epipleurae are
broad, and the defining elevated line becomes obsolete about one-fifth from the
tip. The discoidal costa is about the same length : the intermediate costa (called
by Say the marginal elevated line) is more elevated, and extends to about one-
seventh from the tip : the smaller punctures of the elytra become effaced
towards the tip, and the large ones (each of which bears a small elevated point,)
are somewhat more numerous.

The references to this genus are : to the New Mexican and Nebraska one,
Amblychila cylindriformis Say., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 409; Reiche Ann. Ent.
7. Manticora Cylind. Say, J. Ac. Nat. Sc. 3, 139.

And to the Californian one : Amblychila Piccolo minii Reiche, Ann. Ent. Tr. 8,
560, tab. 19 ; Mann. Bull. Mosc 1844, 183. A. cylindriformis Lacordaire, Mem.
Soc. Roy. Sc. Liege, 1, 95.

The Committee appointed to make arrangements for the celebration
of the Anniversary of the foundation of the Society, reported that an
Address had been delivered on Monday evening, 20th inst., at the Hall
of the University by Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., and that on the evening
of the 21st inst., a large number of members and correspondents, and a
few invited guests, dined together at the Hall of the Musical Fund
Society.

The Report of the Corresponding Secretary was read and adopted.

The following resolutions offered by Dr. Zantzinger, were unanimously
adopted :

Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to Wm.
Parker Foulke, Esq., for the able, eloquent and highly appropriate ad-
dress, delivered by him at the Hall of the University, on Monday even-
ing 20th inst., in commemoration of the founding of the Institution.

Resolved, That a committee of three members be appointed to request
a copy of the Address for publication.

Whereupon the following members were appointed the Committee :
Dr. Zantzinger, Mr. Aubrey H. Smith and Mr. Wm. S. Yaux.

Dr. J. C. Fisher offered the following, which was unanimously
adopted.

Resolved, That the thanks of the Academy be presented to the Com-
mittee of Arrangements for celebrating the Anniversary of the found-

34 [April,

ing of the Society, for the excellent manner in which they discharged
their duties.

On motion of Mr. Lea, the thanks of the Society were also ordered to
be presented to the Trustees of the University, for the use of the Hall
on the evening of the 20th inst.

ELECTION.

Mr. Clayton T. Piatt, Mr. Jas. Engle Negus and Constant Gillou,
Esq., of Philadelphia, were elected Members.

April \.ih.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read,

From the Society of Natural History of Cherbourg, dated 28th Oct.
1853, transmitting the 1st vol. of its Memoirs, and asking an exchange.

From the Scientific Commission of the Zoological Garden of Amster-
dam, dated Nov. 1843, transmitting its Memoirs.

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany, 22d
March, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings to complete
vol. 6, and No. 1, vol. 7.

From Prof, Haldeman, addressed to the Corresponding Secretary,
dated Columbia, Penn., 29th March, 1854, as follows :

" I find that the Limnadella described by Mr. Girard, Proceed. Acad. vol. 7,
page 3, is my Limnadia coriacea, ib. 1, 184, for June, 1842. At that time I
doubted the propriety of placing it in Limnadia, chiefly on account of the dorsal
tubercles mentioned in my description, but I had no means of making the neces-
sary comparisons. It was discovered in great abundance in a road-side puddle,
subject to desiccation, and although I removed a number of them to a small pond,
I have never met with them since."

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper, for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Synopsis of the species of Platynus and allied genera, inhabit-
ing the United States." Referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Zantzinger and
Mr. Foulke.

A paper was presented for publication in the Proceedings, entitled
" Descriptions of new species of North American Ranaefortnes and Hy-
laeformes in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Spencer
F. Baird." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Le Conte and Dr. Leidy.

On motion of Mr. Yaux, it was Resolved, That a complete set of the
Publications of the Academy be forwarded to the Portland Society of
Natural History, Portland, Maine.

April Will.
The President, Mr. Ord, in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Academy of Naturalists of Breslau, dated
18th Nov. 1853, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, vol. 6,
Nos. 3 8, and of Journal No. 3, vol. 2, new series.

Also a letter from Geo. W. Carpenter, Esq., dated April 11th, 1854,
presenting a copy of Livingston's Memoirs of eminent Americans.

1854.] 35

Dr. Leidy read a paper from Mr. J. *\Y. Dawson, of Pictou, N. S.,
entitled " On Fossil Coniferous wood from Prince Edward's Island ;"
which was referred, to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Foulke and JVIr. Isaac Lea.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper from W. Dudley, Esq., of Madison,
"Wisconsin, describing a speeies of Crane found in Wisconsin, and pre-
sumed to be new; which was referred to Mr. Cassin, Col. McCall and
Dr. Wilson.

Mr. Cassin also presented two papers from Dr. Alfred T. King, of
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, severally entitled "Description of fossil trees
found in the Coal Rocks near Greensburg, Pa./' and " Description of a
fossil Fruit found in the carboniferous rocks of Beaver Co., Penn. ;"
both of which were referred to Mr. Cassin, Mr. Aubrey H. Smith
and Dr. Bridges.

Dr. Leidy exhibited drawings representing lateral and inferior
views of the restored skull of Oreodon Culbertsonii, from the Eocene of
Nebraska.

April 18^/j.
Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. Charles Enderlin, of New York, dated
31st March, 1851, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election
as a Correspondent.

A letter was also read from the Lyceum of Nat. History of New York,
dated April 4th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of late Nos. of the
Proceedings.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en-
titled "Notes on Birds observed in Texas, and in the States of Xeuva
Leon, Tamaulipas and Coahuila, Mexico, with descriptions of new species;
by D. N. Couch, U. S. Army." Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Mr. Cassin
and Col. McCall.

Dr. Leidy exhibited a specimen of the restored upper jaw of the
Titanotherium Proutii, of Nebraska.

April 25th.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers, read April 4th by Dr-
Le Conte and Prof. S. F. Baird ; April 11th, by Mr. J. W. Dawson, of
Pictou, N. S. ; by Mr. Wm. Dudley, of Madison, Wisconsin ; by Dr.
Alfred T. King, of Greensburg, Pennsylvania; April 18th, by Lieut. D.
N. Couch, U. S. A., severally reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Synopsis of the species of Platynus and allied genera, inhabiting the United

States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

The species of the small group of Carabica, herein examined, are quite fre-
quently so closely related, as to be with difficulty separated ; some synonymy
too has been produced by the want of sufficient bibliographical knowledge on the
part of those who have investigated these genera. To lessen in some degree

36 [April,

the difficulty now resting over the subject, I have thought that a series of origi-
nal descriptions of all the species known to me, based upon a careful comparison
of their specific characters, might remove some of the obstacles encountered from
the different style of the descriptions of different authors. I do it the more gladly,
as an opportunity is thus afforded me of correcting many important errors into
which I was led, in some of my earlier writings, by the haste and inexperience
of youth, from the effects of which it falls to the lot of only the most favored of
men to escape.

The reader will find, in some portions of this essay, a further development of
the principle announced by me in a synopsis of Silphales, (Proc. Acad. 6, 275,)
illustrated in a genus, of which the species are very numerous ; these species
form small groups, according to their respective affinities, and in general the
limits of each species are marked by well defined organic differences. But in
some of the groups, occur forms so closely allied as to present, with a large series
of specimens, almost imperceptible differences, by which sets of specimens, at
first sight readily recognized and separated, become linked together. These
variations (in form, not color) are frequently seen to be constant in those found
in one locality, and in the present condition of science, would seem to indicate
positively the origin at different points, or at various points intermixed together,
of organic forms, so closely related as not to present sufficient differences to be
regarded as ordinary species.

Thus it is that Nature who, not only between her works, but between her
processes, continually displays gradations of sublime harmony, reveals to u,s~ some
of the steps between those genera in which absolutely distinct species are found
in restricted localities, and those in which absolutely the same species are found
widely distributed.

The genera known to me with the exception of a single new one, have been
fully described in other works, and may be thus arranged :

Mentum dente bicuspi ; ungues plus minusve serrati :

Paraglossae ligula non longiores .... Calathus.

Paraglossae longiores, ultra ligulam extensae . . Pristodactyla.
Mentum dente simplici ; ungues simplices :

Paraglossae ligula longiores ..... Anchus.
Paraglossae ligula non longiores :

Antennae articulo 3io sequente sesqui longiore . Rhadine.

Antennae articulo 3io sequente subaequali . . Platynus.

Mentum dente nullo Olisthopus.

Calathus Bon.

1. C. gr eg ar ius, longiusculus, piceus, nitidus, apterus, thorace latitudine
fere longiore antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis late rotundatis, margine
postice latiore refiexo, basi utrinque paulo impresso, elytris striis tenuibus pro-
fundis, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis. Long. 4.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 76; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 29.

Feronia gregaria Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 47.

Calathus distinguendus Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 53. Ann. Lye. 4, 216.

A common species in the Middle and Eastern States, and is found occa-
sionally at Lake Superior. The North American species of this genus are very
closely allied, and seem hardly worthy of being separated; ^nevertheless, the
three species recognized by me in the Atlantic portion of the continent, are as
well distinguished from each other as from those of the Pacific coast. This one
will be readily recognized by the shining lustre and the moderately broad re-
flexed lateral margin of the thorax; in the next species the lateral margin is
narrower, perceptibly depressed, and not at all refiexed towards the posterior
angles. For authentic specimens of this species I am indebted to Dr. Harris.

2. C. confusus, longiusculus, piceus pernitidus, apterus, thorace latitudine
sublongiore, antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis late rotundatis margine an-
gusto postice vix depresso, subrefiexo, basi utrinque paulo impresso, elytris

1854.] 37

striis tenuibus profundi?, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque tes-
taceis. Long. -31 -35.

Lake Superior ; abundant. Very similar to the preceding, but a little nar-
rower in its form, and with the lateral margin of the thorax not distinctly wider
towards the posterior angles, and less reflexed.

3. C. o p a c u 1 u s, longiusculus, piceus, thorace latitudine non longiore,
antice subangustato, lateribus testaceis iatius subdepressis, non reflexis, basi
utrinque paulo impresso, elytris fere opacis, striis tenuibus hand profundis,
punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis. Long. 35 42.

Middle, Southern and Western States; rare. This species, with the form of
C. gregarius, has the dull elytra and finely impressed strias of C. ruficollis ; it
seems also sufficiently distinct from the preceding species, by the sides of the
thorax being' depressed, broader behind and not reflexed.

4. C. qu a d r i c o 1 1 i s, longiusculus, piceus, apterus, thorace latitudine
non breviore, antice vix angustato utrinque subimpresso, elytris fere opacis, striis
tenuibus non profundis, punctis 3 vel 4 impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque
testaceis. Long. '27 *4.

San Francisco, California. This species is narrower than C. ruficollis, and is
readily distinguished by the form of the thorax; the thorax and head have a
reddish tinge, but do not appear ever to reach the deep, dull rufous color observed
in C. ruficollis.

5. C. ruficollis, latiusculus, piceus, apterus, capite thoraceque piceo-rufis,
hoc latitudine breviore, antice angustato, lateribus (prsesertim antice) rotundatis,
margine minus distincte depresso subrefiexo, basi utrinque subimpresso, elytris
fere opacis striis tenuibus, punctis 3 impressis, antennis palpis pedibusque rufo-
testaceis. Long. -35 -4.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 78 ; Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 195.

San Francisco and San Diego. Considerably wider than any of the preceding
species, and with the sides of the thorax anteriorly more rounded ; the sides con-
verge a little near the base, whereby the posterior angles are rendered less rec-
tangular than in those above described. This species and the preceding, fre-
quently subject travellers to great annoyance by crawling over their bodies at
night, when sleeping on the ground ; the multitudes which are seen in March
and April, under every object capable of affording them shelter, are worthy of
admiration.

6. C. ob s c u r u s, minus elongatus, piceus, apterus, thorace latitudine non
breviore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis (angulis basalibus obtusiori-
bus) margine depresso subrefiexo, basi utrinque subimpresso, elytris fere opacis,
striis tenuibus non profundis, punctis tribus impressis, antennis palpis pedi-
busque iufo-testaceis. Long. *4.

One female found in the Southern part of California. This species differs from
C. ruficollis and C. quadricollis by the form of the thorax, which is not wider
than long, considerably narrowed in front and moderately rounded on the sides,
which are distinctly depressed even to the base, and hardly reflexed. The elytra
are more distinctly wider than the thorax, but otherwise are formed and sculp-
tured as in C ruficollis.

Pristodactyla Dej.

1. P. i mp u n c t a t a, nigra, nitida, thorace leviter obovato, latitudine non
breviore, angulis posticis rotundatis, lateribus margine anguste reflexo, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus, pone medium paulo dilatatis,
striis profundis, bipunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque rufis, unguihus valde
serratis. Long. -35 *42.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 2 ] 7 . ;

Feronia impunctata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 45.

Pristodactyla americaiia Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 83.

Middle States ; rare. Smaller than the next, and distinguished by the thorax

38 [April,

being more distinctly narrowed towards the base, and by the elytra being slightly
dilated from the base to the posterior third.

I have great doubts of the propriety of separating this genus from Taphria ;
the very slight difference in the form of the last joint of the labial palpi, which
is less dilated in the American species, is surely insufficient. From the differ-
ence in the form of the ungues, noticed in the species below, I am inclined to
believe, that a natural arrangement would require all the genera (so called) of
this group, in which the mentum tooth is emarginate, the paraglossae longer than
the ligula, and the ungues serrate, to be united into one genus. The species
contained in Pristonychus, Pristodactyla and Taphria do not appear more dif-
ferent from each other than those embraced in Platynus.

2. P. corvina, nigra, nitida, thorace ovali, postice vix angustiore, latitudine
non breviore, anulis posticis rotundatis, latenbus margine anguste reflexo, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus postice non dilatatis, striis pro-
fundis, bipunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque runs, unguibus valde serratis.
Long. -46.

Lee. Ann. Lye 4, 217.

Pristonyckus americanus Lee. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 52.

Pennsylvania and Georgia; not common.

3. P. ad vena, nigra, subnitida, thorace subquadrato, postice subangustiore,
lateribus rotundatis, margine subreflexo, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi
utrinque late foveato, elytris thorace latioribus tenuiter striatis, bipunctatis, an-
tennis pedibusque nigro-piceis, unguibus basi subtilius serratis. Long. *3G 4.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 217.

Lake Superior ; not rare on the northern shore; a specimen from the north-
eastern boundary of Maine was kindly given me by Mr. Brevoort. More slender
than any of the other species here described, and very similar in appearance to
some of the smaller European Pristonychus. The mentum tooth is much less
emarginate than in the preceding.

4. P. dub i a, nigra, minus nitida, thorace obovato, postice magis angustato,
angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, basi depressa utrinque subfoveata^ elytris
thorace latioribus subellipticis, tenuiter striatis bipunctatis, antennis pedibusque
piceis, unguibus ba>i vix obsolete serrulatis. Long. -48.

One specimen: New Mexico; collected by Mr. Fendler. The base of the
thorax is only about two-thirds as wide as the apex ; the dorsal line is fine, but
the transverse impressions are well marked. The mentum tooth is narrow, and
very slightly emarginate at the tip.

In these four species, the under surface of the tarsi is glabrous, and the outer
margin of the two posterior pairs is deeply grooved. In my synopsis of Pteros-
tichus (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc.,2d ser., vol. 2) it will be seen that in closely allied
species, the latter character is of little value. The same would seem to be the
case in the present group, and no better proof is required than the remarks made
by Baron Chaudoir, on the page immediately opposite that in which he insists
strongly on the great assistance which is derived from it in distinguishing Cala-
thus from Pristonychus. The real difference between the genera is precisely
that so long ago made known by Erichson, viz., the length of the paraglossae,
which in Calathus do not extend beyond the ligula, while in Pristonychus (and
likewise in Pristodactyla and Taphria) they are very distinctly elongated.

Anchtjs Lee.

Palpi tenues, acuminati, maxillares articulo ultimo paulo longiore ; antennae
filiformes, articulo lmo crassiore,. et longiore; mentum dente medio simplici;
ligula truncata, paraglossis angustis longioribus.

A curious insect, having very much the appearance of Diaphorus, but having
the head less constricted posteriorly, and the elytra rounded at the apex ; the
thorax is long and cordate, almost turned into a pedicel at the base, with the
impressions elongate and very narrow ; the elytra are twice as wide as the thorax,
oblong and convex, with the humoral angles rounded, and the apex scarcely

1854.] 39

sinuate ; the striae are deep and moderately punctured, the intervals are narrow,
convex, and are each marked with a row of very fine punctures, from which pro-
ceed very short hairs.

The legs are moderately long, the anterior tibiae scarcely dilated at the apex,
with the emargination extending nearly to the middle ; in the male the first three
joints of the anterior tarsi are very slightly dilated, and furnished beneath with
a few papilla3. The antennas are very slightly thickened externally ; the first
three joints and the base of the fourth are smooth, but furnished with a few scat-
tered hairs ; the first is longer than the third, and somewhat thicker than in the
other genera of this group. The paraglossae are narrow, curved, and longer than
the truncate ligula ; the tooth in the emargination of the mentum is moderately
large, and almost acute at the tip. The palpi are slender and moderately long ;
the last joint is elongate oval, and almost acute at the tip; that of the maxillary
palpi is distinctly longer than the penultimate joint.

It seems by its characters closely to approach Stomis, but the mandibles are not
so long and the labrum is not at all emarginate. By the structure of the anterior
tibiae as well as by the sexual characters, it evidently belongs to the* present
group.

1. A. pus il 1 us, niger, nitidus, parce breviter pubescens, capite parce punc-
tato, thorace latitudine longiore, convexo, cordato, postice constricto, angulis
posticis rectis, disco obsoletius basi et apice distinctius punctatis, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus oblongis convexis, profunde striatis interstitiis convexis uniseri-
atim punctulatis, piceis lateribus late rufescentibus, antennis palpis, pedibusque
rufis. Long. '25.

* Stomis americanns Lap.' Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 356.

Platynus pusillus\. Harris, MSS.

Massachusutts, Dr. Harris; Illinois, Mr.Willcox. Finding in this insect many
of the characters of Stomis, I was misled by the very poor description of Mr.
Laporte, (Etudes Entom. 1, 72) with which it agrees as closely as could be ex-
pected, in every respect except size. Baron Chaudoir, as I have already ob-
served in my synopsis of Pterostichus, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc, 2d ser., 2,) has
since stated that Mr. Laporte's insect is Feronia fastidita Dej. Under these
circumstances, the specific name adopted by me under error falls, and I take
pleasure in giving to the insect the name under which it was communicated to
me by Dr. Harris.

Rhadine Lee.

This genus only differs essentially from Platynus by the greater length of the
third joint of the antennae, which is one half longer than the fourth joint ; the
first joint is short, being about one-half longer than the second. The form of body
is that of the first division of Platynus, but the margins of the thorax and elytra
are more broadly rerlexed, and the elytra are strongly sinuate at the apex ; the
antennas and feet are also longer. These characters give the insect a considerable
resemblance, in general appearance, to Anophthalmia.

1. R. larva lis, pallide rufo-picea, nitida, thorace cordato-ovali, postice
valde angustato, valde reflexo-marginato, angulis posticis rectis, elytris fere ellip-
ticis, dorso planiusculis, fortiter marginatis, apice sinuatis, obsolete striatis, sub-
tiliter tripunctatis. Long. "41.

Le Conte, Ann. Lye. 4, 219.

One specimen (male) found near St. Louis, Missouri, was kindly given my by
Dr. Engelmann. In the State of Ohio, Dr. Schaum procured a dark brownish
black specimen, in which the sinus of the elytra was so strong, as to form on
each side of the apex a tooth; the specimen was a female, but not having it be-
fore me for examination, I cannot determine whether the difference is to be re-
garded as sexual or specific,

Platynus Bon. (emend. Brulle.)
Under this generic name I group, after the example of Mr. Brulle, those spe-

40 [April,

cies upon which Bonelli formed his three genera, Platynus, Anehomenus, and
Agonum. My reason for preferring for this assemblage of species the name
Platynus, is merely, that such was the name chosen by Mr. Brulle, who was
the first entomologist to perceive the necessity of merging the groups into one
genus. Two years afterwards, Erichson proposed to call the assemblage of
Bonelli's three genera by the name Anehomenus, alleging that Platynus was in-
applicable to most of the species, and that it had, moreover, been employed (in
the form Platyna) for a genus of Diptera ; the first point, in the present state of
nomenclature, need not occupy our attention; the second point is also without
weight, since Platyna was proposed as a genus many years after the establish-
ment of Platynus by Bonelli, and before it was shown that the latter genus in-
cluded any other form than that to which it was limited by the author. The
name Platynus was consequently not vacant, and its application in any form, to
a genus other than that intended by Bonelli was improper.

This genus, as here understood, contains a very large number of species, all
agreeing in having the paraglossae scarcely longer than the ligula ; the mentum
tooth distinct and not emarginate ; the palpi slender, with the last joint ahout
equal to the preceding; the first joint of the antennae moderately thick, not
longer than the third, which again is not longer than the fourth; the tarsi are
filiform, and the ungues entirely smooth.

The antennas are usually filiform, but sometimes setaceous. The form of body
is variable, usually somewhat slender, with the elytra nearly twice as wide as
the head or thorax, and oval or oblong, sometimes elliptical ; the elytra are
either rounded, truncate or emarginate at the base, usually slightly sinuate at
the apex, and sometimes almost truncate, in which case a form of body results
not unlike Dromius or Metabletus. Occasionally the form of body is stouter,
and the elytra are hardly one half wider than the thorax ; and in some west-
ern species, unknown to me, the form is said to be almost similar to Calathus ;
these latter species have been separated by Motschulsky as Tanystoma, (after-
wards changed to Tanystola) ; the only characters given are, that the last joint of
the palpi is longer than the preceding, and the posterior angles of the thorax ob-
tuse. Scaphiodactylus (Chaudoir) is also said to have the palpi as in Tanystola,
but the posterior angles of the thorax are acute. Not having identified these
genera, I can with propriety say nothing in regard to them.

The thorax is very variable in form, being sometimes oval, sometimes cordate,
square, or rounded ; the margin is sometimes strongly reflexed, sometimes hardly
visible. The interval between the second and third stria; of the elytra is always
marked with punctures, or fovae, varying in number from three to seven ; some
species, not known to me by personal observation, are described as having but
two punctures.

To facilitate the determination of our species, the following division into
groups may be found useful.

A. Corpus apterum gracile ; thorax fortiter marginatus, ovalis ; elytra humeris
rotundatis indistinctis. Sp. 1 4.

B. Corpus alatum gracile ; thorax margine mediocri, elytra basi truncata, an-
gulis posticis distinctis, tripunctata.

a. Angulis posticis thoracis non prominulis ; antennae subsetaceae ;
tenuiter striata. Sp. 5 7-

b. Angulis posticis thoracis prominulis; antennas filiformes ; elytra tenuiter
striata. Sp. 8 9.

c. Nigerrimi ; elytra profunde striata. Sp. 10 11.

C. Corpus alatum, gracile ; thorax subcordatus, tenuiter marginatus, angulis
posticis distinctis, impressionibus basalibus proecipue profundis productis.

d. Elytra tripunctata, pedes concolores. Sp. 12 13.

e. Elytra multipunctata, pedes run, vel picei. Sp. 14 18.

D. Corpus alatum, praecipue minus gracile, thorax rotundatus, (raro quadratus;)
lytra tripunctata.

f. Praecipue nigri (raro picei vel metallici ;) pedes concolores. Sp. 19 31.

1854.] 41

g. Pedes testacei, vel run; thorax convexus tenuiter mar-
ginatus. Sp. "" 33.

E. Corpus alatum, gracile; thorax ovalis, vel leviter cordatus, tenuius mar-
ginatus ; elytra tripunctata; pedes plus minusve testacei. Sp. 3440.

F. Corpus alatum, gracile, praecipue elongatum; thorax ovalis ; elytra multi-
punctata; pedes plus minusve testacei. Sp. 41 48.

G. Corpus alatum; thorax rotundatus, tenuissime marginatus ;
elytra foveata. Sp. 49.

H. Corpus alatum, minus gracile, thorax praecipue rotundatus (praecipue
tenuiter marginatus) impressionibus basalibus latis, minus profundis ; elytra
multipunctata.

h. Corpus elongatum metallicum, pedes concolores. Sp. 50 51.

i. Corpus minus elongatum sub^racile, pedes plus minusve testacei.

Sp. 5254.
k. Corpus robustius, angulis thoracis posticis fere distinctis. Sp. 55 56.
I. Corpus alatum, fere gracile, elytra oblonga, basi valde emarginata, apice
fere truncata; elytra vel tripunctata, vel quadrifoveata. Sp. 57 61.

The cases of difficulty, in referring species by this table, will be but few ; a
species (P. quadratus) is placed in (f.,) which might, with almost equal propriety,
be placed with (d.) ; still, the form is less slender, and the margin of the thorax
much more obvious than in the latter group.

P. crenulatus in group (F.) differs from the others of the same group, by the
broader and more quadrate elytra ; still, its chief affinities appear to be with that
group, and I have, therefore, not separated it from its allies.

A.

The species of this group are of a slender form and not winged ; the legs and
antennae are long ; the thorax is obovate, usually elongate ; the posterior angles
are obtuse and rounded at the apex ; the lateral margin is strongly reflexed, and
is broader than usual. The elytra are regularly elliptical, with no distinct hu-
meral angles ; they are sinuate towards the tip ; the lateral margin is broader
than in any other group, and is strongly reflexed. This group corresponds to
Platynus of Bonelli and Dejean.

1. P. f ra g il i s, piceus,thorace latitudine fere longiore obovato, fortius mar-
ginato, angulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis, basi transversim profunde im-
presso, elytris ellipticis, thorace duplo latioribus, fortius marginatis, tenuiter
striatis, 3-punctatis, antennis versus apicem subincrassatis. Long. -34.

Found in the mountains near Santa Isabpl, in the southern part of California.
One specimen has four impressed punctures on the elytra. The antennae, instead
of being setaceous, as in the next two species, are slightly thickened beyond the
fourth joint, as in most of the species of this genus.

2. P. h y p o 1 i t h o s, niger nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore, obovato,
fortiter marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim profunde
impresso, utrinque longius sat profunde impresso, elytris thorace duplo latioribus
ellipticis fortius marginatis, striis modice profundis, interstitiis convexis 2, 4 et
6to juxta striis biseriatim irregulariter punctatis, antennis setaceis palpis pedi-
busque ferrugineis. Long. 55.

Feronia hypolithos Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 59.

Platynus erythropus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 97.

Middle and Western States, in the vicinity of mountains. Besides the punc-
tures mentioned, there are several on the sutural stria before the middle. De-
jean's description is very full, but lest any entomologist should hesitate in refer-
ring this species to the description given by Say, which is certainly defective in
some particulars, I transcribe it to save the labor of future reference.

"Apterous, black, glabrous : feet rufous ; striae of the elytra punctured. Length
more than ll-20th of an inch.

"Antennae dark piceous ; palpi rufo-piceous. Thorax narrowed behind, dorsal

42 [April,

line deeply impressed, surface obsoletely transversely wrinkled, basal lines di-
lated, distinctly indented, angles obtusely rounded, lateral edge regularly ar-
quated. Elytra, striae not deeply impressed, irregularly punctured. Thighs and
coxae rufous ; tibiae and tarsi dark rufous.

" This species seems to belong to the genus Pterostiehus of Bonelli, and it may
be distinguished from those which we have mentioned to be referable to that
genus by the color of its feet."

3. P. angustatus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore, obovato,
fortius marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim impresso,
utrinque longius sat profunde impresso, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, ellipticis
fortius marginatis, striis profundis, interstitiis convexis, 3io quadripunctato, an-
tennis setaceis, tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. *5 '55.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 98.

Catskill Mountains, New York; Habersham Co., Georgia. This species is
probably found in all mountainous portions of the United States east of the Mis-
sissippi.

4. P. stygicus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, postice
angustato, fortius marginato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, basi transversim
impresso, utrinque latius profunde impresso, elytris thorace vix duplo latioribus,
basi subtruncatis striis profundis, interstitiis subconvexis, 3io tripunctato, an-
tennis filiformibus. Long. .43.

One specimen, found at Sault Ste Marie. This species resembles in appearance
P. sinuatus, &c, below, but from the absence of wings, and from the form of the
thorax, I am induced to place it in the present division. The margin of the thorax
is not as wide as in the other species, but is a little dilated towards the posterior
angles ; the basal impressions are deep, and are destitute of punctures or lines.
The elytra are slightly convex, and their lateral margin is somewhat narrower
than in the preceding species.

B a.

Composed of winged species, of a piceous black color and slender form ; the
antennas are long and setaceous; the thorax is strongly margined, a little wider
than long, somewhat narrowed posteriorly, with the basal angles obtuse, neither
prominent nor rounded ; the posterior transverse impression is strong, and the
basal impressions moderately long and deep. The elytra are more than twice
as wide as the thorax, truncate at base, finely margined, sinuate towards the
extremity ; the humeral angles are rounded ; the striae are fine, and the third in-
terstice has three punctures, the first being placed in the 3d stria, the other two
in the 2d stria.

5. P.tenuicollis, piceo-niger, thorace latitudine fere longiore, capite non
latiore, margine latiore piceo fortius reflexo, angulis posticis subrotundatis, elytris
striis tenuibus profundis, tripunctatis, antennis palpis pedibusque piceis. Long.
3S.

Ajichomenus tenuicollis Lee. Ann. Lye 4, 222.

One specimen, found at the Sault Ste Marie. Although very much resembling
the next species in all its characters, the thorax is comparatively so much nar-
rower, that I am obliged to consider it as distinct. The base of the thorax is
more obliquely truncate each side, by which the basal angles are rendered more
obtuse. By a clerical error the specific name is printed angusiicollis, in Agassiz'
Lake Superior.

6. P. marginatus, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, lateri-
bus rotundatis, margine latiore piceo fortius reflexo, basi late rotundata, angulis
posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris striis profundis, tripunctatis, antennis
palpis tibiis tarsisque piceis. Long. -42.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Anehomenus marginatus Lee. Ann. Lye. 221.

Middle and Western States ; not rare. A specimen from the north shore of

1854.] 43

Lake Superior agrees perfectly with this species, except that the legs are entirely
of a dark testaceous yellow. From the next this species is distinguished by the
lateral margin of the thorax being as wide anteriorly as towards the base, and
more strongly reflexed.

7. P. cincticollis, niger, nitidus, thorace latitiuline breviore, postice an-
gustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, margine piceo reflexo, postice
latiore, elytris tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis, antennis pedibusque piceis, vel
piceo-testaceis. Long. *37 *45.

Feronia cincticollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 52.

Ancho menus cincticollis Say, ibid 4, 421.

Platynus blandu.i Germ. Ins. Nov. 12.

Anchomenus corvinus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 102. Lee, Ann. Lye. 4, 221.

Anchomenus deplanatus Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1S43, 763. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 221.

Anchomenus marginalia Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299.

Middle and Southern States ; common. The last two synonyms belong to a <
variety in which the interstices of the elytra, instead of being slightly convex as
usual, are entirely flat ; there are, however, no other differences of a definite
character, and I see no reason why they should be retained as distinct. The
brevity of Mr. Haldeman's description will make it doubtful whether this or
the preceding species was meant, but a typical specimen kindly furnished me by
'him evidently belongs to the present species.

Dr. Harris possesses a specimen of this species, which was named Feronia
maculifrons, by Mr. Say; with the description (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol.3, p.
146) of that species it does not agree.

B b.

Containing two winged species from California, closely allied to those of the
preceding division, but of a somewhat less slender form, and with filiform an-
tennae. The thorax is strongly margined, slightly narrowed towards the base,
with the posterior angls obtuse, not rounded, and slightly prominent; the pos-
terior transverse impression is deep, and the basal impressions shallow ; the
elytra are twice as wide as the thorax, truncate at base, with the humeral angles
rounded ; they are finely margined and very slightly sinuate towards the tip; the
strise are fine, the interstices slightly convex, and the third has frequently four
impressed punctures, which, however, seem liable to considerable variation ;
the normal number appears to be three.

8. P. b i c o 1 o r, piceo-rufus, nitidus, thorace latitudine vix breviore, postice
subangustato, lateribus rotundatis, postice sinuatis, margine fortius reflexo, basi
truncata, angulis posticis rectis prominulis, elytris piceis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, striis tennibus, interstitiis vix convexis, margine rufo-piceo. Long. '43.

San Diego, California. The lateral margin of the thorax is moderately wide
and not dilated posteriorly ; the basal impressions are marked with a short im-
pressed line at the bottom. Apart from color this species is distinguished from
the next by the narrower thorax and more slender form.

9. P. c i n c t e 1 1 u s, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, postice paulo
anirustato, lateribus rotundatis postice sinuatis, margine fortius reflexo, diaphano,
basi truncata, angulis posticis prominulis rectis, elytris thorace fere duplo lati-
oribus, striis tenuibus, interstitiis vix convexis, margine saepe tenuiter piceo.
Long. *42.

San Francisco, California ; very abundant. Specimens occur with three, four,
and even five punctures on the third interstice of the elytra ; the impressed lines
of the basal impressions of the thorax are less distinct than in the preceding ;
the antennae and palpi are nearly black ? the tarsi are sometimes dark piceous.

I have distributed this insect under the name Anch. brunneo-marginatus (Mann.
Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196,) but on reconsidering the matter, I find so many points
of disagreement, that 1 am obliged to propose a new name. His description reads :

"Apterus, niger, depressus, capite laevissimo inter antennas impresso, thorace
longiore, subcordato, lateribus refiexo-marginatis, angulis posticis acutiusculis,

44 [April,

elytris oblongo-ovalibus, apice sinuatis, leviter striatis, punctis tribus minutis
impressis, antennis pedibus, thoracis elytrorurnque margine rufo-brunneis. Long.
4* lin. lat. H lin."

With regard to the value of the first word of this diagnosis, I will merely ob-
serve that it occurs also in Count Mannerheim's diagnosis of Anch. maeulicoUis
(1. c. 199,) which, however, I found at San Diego, in July, flying about in the
evening twilight in such numbers as to be a source of great annoyance.

B c.

The species of this group are moderately large, winged, and a pure shining
black color; the thorax is slightly cordiform, with the posterior angles rectan-
gular; the dorsal line and anterior transverse impression are deep ; the basal
impressions are large, moderately deep and finely punctulate; the lateral margin
is moderate and is strongly retlexed, and slightly diaphanous in a strong light.
The elytra are more than one half broader than the thorax, truncate at base,
slightly sinuate at the extremity ; they are somewhat flattened on the disc, and
declivous towards the margin ; the stria? are deep, and the third interstice has
three impressed punctures.

I regret to be partly answerable for the confusion introduced among the
species of this group, by mistaking those which have been already described,
and incautiously admitting some which are not sufficiently distinct. Having
carefully re-examined the subject, I hope that the results, here arrived at, may
be found corrrct.

10. P. d e c e ns, niger, subnitidus, alatus, thorace postice subangustato, late-
ribus postice vix sinuatis, angulis posticis non prominulis, impressionibus basali-
bus dilatatis punctulatis, elytris magis deplanatis, tripunctatis, striis profundis
obsolete punctulatis. Long. -5 *56.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia decentis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 53.

Andiomenus gagates Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 107.

Andiomenus decentis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 421.

Anchomenus coracinus Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 220. (Descriptio nequam.)

Middle and Southern States ; not common. The description last cited was
made from a badly preserved specimen, in which the wings had probably been
pulled off to enable the elytra to be brought together ; at least, on raising the
elytra, I find fragments of the wings still remaining. The distinctive characters
of the species are the larger size, the less distinct posterior angles of the thorax,
(which are almost obtuse and very slightly rounded,) and the less lustrous and
more flattened elytra. The .fine punctures of the striae are sometimes almost
invisible. Dejean mentions four elytral punctures ; the second one, however, is
abnormal.

11. P. s i n u a t us, niger, nitidus, alatus, thorace latitudine subbreviore postice
subangustato. lateribus postice vix sinuatis (basi apice sublatiore) angulis posticis
vix prominulis, impressionibus basalibus dilatatis, punctulatis, elytris paulo con-
vexis, bipunctatis, striis modice profundis, punctulatis. Long. .4 5.

? Audio menus sinuatus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 108. l.ec. Ann. Lye. 4, 220.

Middle States and Lake Superior. I am somewhat doubtful whether this is
really Dejean's species. He says, in comparison, with the preceding, "le corselet
est a peu pres de la meme forme ; seulement les bords lateraux sont un peu
moins largement deprimes." This difference, if it exists, is by no means obvious.
The only satisfactory characters I can find are the smaller size, the more shining,
less depressed and less deeply striate elytra.

a. Thorace postice magis angustato, lateribus postice subsinuatis, angulis pos-
ticis subprominulis.

Anchomenus depressus Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. Lee. Ann. Lye.
4, 221.

Platynus depressus Lee. Agassiz* Lake Superior.

Western States and Lake Superior. The difference in the form of the thorax

1854.] 45

is quite perceptible, yet, as there are forms almost intermediate, and no other
character can be seen to separate it from the preceding, I think it expedient to
arrange it as one of the races of P. sinuatus.

0. Thorace latitudine non breviore, postice angustato, et lateribus longius
sinuato, angulis posticis paulo prominulis; impressionibus basalibus profundiori-
bus.

Middle States and Lake Superior. Although the difference between this and
P. sinuatus seems very considerable, in a large series of the form (*) they seem
to disappear ; 1 have therefore hesitated to propose a new name lor this, and
consider it, like the previous one, as a race under P. sinuatus.

C d.

A group containing winged species, evidently allied to P. exte n si collis
&c, but differing by having only three elytral punctures ; the feet and antennas
are entirely black. The thorax is flattened, moderately margined, the margin
growing broader towards the base; it is almost longer than wide, very slightly'
narrowed posteriorly, hardly sinuate on the sides, truncate at base, with the pos-
terior angles rectangular, not rounded ; the basal impressions are very long and
finely rugous ; the elytra are flattened, truncate at base, slightly sinuate at apex ;
the striae are deep and fine, the interstices flattish, the 3d with three impressed
punctures ; the antennas are filiform.

12. P. f u n e b r i s, cyanescenti-niger, thorace latitudine non breviore, postice
subangu^tato, et lateribus subsinuato, angulis posticis rectis, basi utrfhque lon-
gius impresso, et confertim ruguloso, elytris opacis thorace duplo latioribus
parum convexis, striis subtilibus interstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato. Long. .4.

San Diego, California: abundant in almost dry water courses. Very distinct
from all other species found within our territories.

13. P. ae n e o 1 u s, subtus nigro-virescens, capite thoraceque obscure viridi-
aeneis, hoc latitudine non breviore, postice subangustato, lateribus late rotundatis,
angulis posticis rectis, basi utrinque longius impresso, et confertim ruguloso,
elytris planiusculis purpureo-nigris, nitidis, tripunctatis, striis tenuibus, pro-
fundis, interstitiis vix convexis. Long. *4.

One specimen ; Oregon. Also sufficiently distinct from all our other species.

C e.

A group of extreme complexity, containing winged species of metallic colors,
bluish or greenUh, with the base of the antennas, the feet, and occasionally the
thorax rufous or pale piceous. The antennae are long and filiform ; the thorax
is occasionally a little longer than wide, never much narrowed posteriorly, the
margin fine, but strongly reflexed, moderately rounded on the sides; the base is
oblique each side, and the posterior angles are obtuse and sometimes moderately
rounded ; the basal impressions are long, and posteriorly are marked with a short
line. The elytra are elongate, about twice as wide as the thorax, scarcely sinu-
ate posteriorly, striae deep, but usually fine, the interstices hardly convex, the
third with four to seven punctures, varying in the same species. By arranging
the different forms as races under the more distinct species, this group appears
to be capable of being reduced to order.

14. P. e x t e n s i c o 1 1 i s, supra asneo-viridis, nitidus thorace latitudine longiore,
postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis vix rotundatis, basi punctulata, impres-
sionibus basalibus tuberculo parum elevato intructis, elytris striis subtiliter ob-
solete punctulatis, interstitio3io 47 punctato, antennarum basi pedibusquerufis.
Long. -31 39.

Lee. Aga^siz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia extensicollis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 54.

Feronia (Anchomenus) proximits Harris, New England Farmer, 1S2S, p. 132.

Anchomenus extensicollis Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 113.

Ago/mm (Anchomenus) extensicollis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 24.

46 [April,

Middle, Southern, and Western States and Lake Superior ; Massachusetts. Dr.
Harris; (lat. 54 according to Kirby.) This is usually considered as the type of
Say's species, and is distinguished by the shining color, by the thorax being more
distinctly narrowed posteriorly, with less rounded angles, and by the tubercle
between the basal impression and the angle being distinct. The punctures of
the base are fine, occasionally extending along the whole base, but sometimes
visible only in the impressions. The color of the elytra sometimes varies to-
wards bluish and coppery. The under surface is black.

*. iEneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, postice angustato angulis
posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo indistincto instructis.
Long. *39.

Anchomenus obscuratus Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 763.

1 Anchomenus clongatulas Dej.' Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 222.

Middle States and Lake Superior.

0. Laete viridi-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore, postice suban-
gustato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus
tuberculo distincto instructis. Long. *39.

One specimen from Lake Superior, which differs from the type by the thorax
being much less narrowed posteriorly, with the posteriorly angles more rounded.

y. Viridi-aeneus, subnitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, postice subangustato,
angulis posticis subrotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo nullo. Long.
35 39.

Anchomenus viridis Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 222.

Western States ; a specimen was sent me by Dr. Harris, as Anch. extensicollis
Say.

ef. Cyaneus, subnitidus, thorace latitudine longiore, postice vix angustato, an-
gulis posficis subrotundatis, impressionibus basalibus tuberculo nullo, elytris
striis profundioribus, haud punctulatis. Long. *34.

Northern Sonora, near the Gila River. Resembles (y) except in color; the
striae of the elytra are, however, deeper and not at all punctulate.

g. Capite thoraceque aeneo-viridibus, hoc latitudine vix longiore, postice sub-
angustato, angulis posticis fere rotundatis, impresionibus basalibus tuberculo
distincto instructis, elytris cyaneis, striis profundioribus obsolete punctulatis.
Long. *35.

One specimen found with the preceding.

15. P. simplex, supra aeneo-viridis, subnitidus, thorace latitudine non bre-
viore, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, basi laevi,
utrinque longius impresso, elytris striis tenuibus impunctatis interstitiis vix con-
vexis 3io 5 8 punctato, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. -3
37.

Colorado River, California. Has very much the form of (J) of the preceding
species, but the thorax is absolutely free from punctures ; in some specimens the
thorax is more distinctly narrowed at the base, but the difference is not well
marked : the base of the thorax is occasionally piceous, as in the dark colored
specimens of the next species, from which it is distinguished by the interstices
of the elytra being smooth. The under surface is black, the epipleurae tinged
with piceous.

16. P. decorns, capite viridi-aeneo, thorace saepius rufo (nonnunquam piceo-
virescente) latitudine vix breviore, basi paulo angustato, angulis posticis obtusis
subrotundatis, basi fere laevi, utrinque longius impresso, elytris striis tenuibus,
interstitiis fere planis sat distincte punctulatis brevissime vix distincte pilbsis,
3io punctis 5 7 impressis, antennis basi pedibusque rufis. Long. *3l 34.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.
Feronia decora Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 53.
Anchomenus decorns Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 115. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 223.
Anchomenus obscurvs Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 223. (Var. pedibus fere piceis, tho-
raceque viridi.)

1854.] 47

Abundant in the Middle, Southern and Western States ; the dark colored vari-
eties and all the intermediate forms are found on the shores of Onondaga Lake,
near Syracuse, New York. 1 think that Anch. thoracicus Dej. must belong to
this species, but as the fine punctures of the elytra are not mentioned in his des-
cription, it will be safer to consider it as distinct ; in some specimens of () they
might, however, readily be overlooked.

a.. Capite viridi vel cyaneo, thorace rufo, elytris viridi-nigris, interstitiis parce
fere obsolete punctulatis. Long. *31 "34.

Middle and Southern States ; also found near the Pima villages on the Gila.
This differs from the type in having the punctures of the interstices of the elytra
very faint ; they are, however, furnished with short hairs. The specimens from
the Gila differ in having the thorax a little less narrowed posteriorly, and
tinged with greenish.

17. P. anchomenoides, nigro-piceus, capite virescente, thorace subquad-
rato latitudine vix breviore, margine tenui non reflexo, postice subangustato, an-
gulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis basi utrinque minus profunde impresso, disco
virescente, lateribus late parteque inflexa testaceis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus
oblongis, convexiusculis, testaceis, interstitio 3io punctis 4 maiusculis impressis,
antennarum articulis tribus, palpis, ano, pedibusque flavo testaceis. Long. -28.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum anchomenoides Randall, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 2, 2.

Pennsylvania, Lake Superior and Maine ; rare. The disc of the elytra is darker
than the margin ; in the specimen from Pennsylvania the striae are deep and the
intervals somewhat convex ; the one from Lake Superior has very fine striae and
the intervals are entirely flat. Is not Agomim sordens Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am.
25,) a closely allied species or, perhaps, a variety having smaller punctures.

18. P. c al i fo r n i c u s, niger, piceo-aenescens, thorace subquadrato, lati-
tudine vix breviore, postice subangustato, margine tenuiter reflexo, angulis pos-
ticis obtusis minime rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus elongatis, postice pro-
fundis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, oblongis, basi truncatis, tenuiter striatis,
5-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo, thoracis parte inflexa, epipleuris pedibus-
que piceo-testaceis. Long. *27 *32.

? Anchomenus calif amicus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 128. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843,197.

San Francisco, San Jose and San Diego, California. I am doubtful about the
propriety of referring this to Dejean's species, which is described as having the
head and thorax obscure greenish-bronzed ; slight traces of such color may be
perceived in some of my specimens, but usually they are of a brownish black
color, slightly tinted with bronze. In the uncertainty which hangs over many
of the species, and under my great want of success in collecting (or perhaps in
identifying) the species found in California, it would be hardly prudent to pro-
pose this as a new species. The refiexed margin of the thorax is distinct, but
very narrow.

D f.

Winged species mostly of a black color, with the legs and antennae of the same
color as the body ; the thorax is rounded, with the posterior angles very obtuse,
or altogether rounded; the margin is moderately broad, usually slightly dilated
and refiexed towards the base ; the basal impressions are broad and shallow ; the
elytra are not much wider than the thorax, truncate, or even subemarginate at
the base, rounded and hardly perceptibly sinuate towards the extremity ; the in-
terstices are mostly fiat, and the third has three punctures, the second of which,
except when otherwise stated, is placed on or near the third stria. A numerous
group, containing closely allied, yet quite distinct species.

19. P. c ol 1 a r i s, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, paulo convexo latitudine
vix breviore, angulis posticis rotundatis ^ndistinctis, margine picescente latius
reflexo postice latiore, impressionibus basalibus vix definitis, elytris thorace
sesqui latioribus convexiusculis, striis tenuibus subtiliter crenulatis, interstitiis
planis, 3io tripunctato, antennis basi fere piceis. Long. *3 -35.

Anchomenus collaris Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc 4, 421.

5

48 [April,

Louisiana; Dr. Schaum. A very distinct species, having the reflexed margin
of the thorax broader than in any of the following; the basal impressions, al-
though deep, are formed principally by the union of the reflexed margin with
the moderately convex disc, and are consequently very indefinite. The punctures
of the striae of the elytra are very distinct.

20. P.moerens, piceo-niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine paulo
breviore, basi fere truncato, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, margine re-
flexo postice latiusculo, impressionibus basalibus latis, tuberculo nullo, elytris
thorace fere duplo latioribus, parum convexis, tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis.
Long. -34 -38.

Agonwm mcere?is Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 152.

Louisiana, Dr. Schaum; Pennsylvania. This species differs from P. tenuis and
others having fine elytral striae, by the greater breadth of the reflexed margin of
the thorax, (which, however, is narrower than in the preceding,) and by the
greater distinctness of the posterior angles ; the reflexed margin is sometimes
tinged with piceous ; the second elytral puncture is very near the second stria.

21. P. laevis, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, latitudine paulo breviore,
basi late rotundata, angulis indistinctis, margine reflexo postice paulo latiore,
impressionibus basalibus profundis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris con-
vexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis profundis, vix punctulatis. Long. *35 38.

Middle and Western States. The thorax is more rounded than in P. melana-
rius ; the tubercle of the basal impression less distinct, and the posterior angles
hardly perceptible. From P. atratus it differs by the more strongly reflexed
thoracic margin, the deeper basal impressions and the wider elytra.

22. P. melanarius, niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine bre-
viore, basi fere truncata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine reflexo
postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis, subrugosis, tuberculo dis-
tincto instructis, elytris thorace vix sesqui latioribus, basi subemarginatis, minus
convexis, tripunctatis, striis profundis punctulatis, tibiis tarsisque obscure pices-
centibus. Long. *36 '4-

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Ago?rum melanarivm Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 152. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 26.

Agonum maicrum Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 300.

Middle States, abundant; Vermont, Dr. Harris. The more reflexed thoracic
margin the deeper basal impressions, and the distinct tubercle near the angle
will readily separate this species from P. Harrisii. Dr. Harris thinks that this
is not the species intended by Dejean. As, however, the latter says that the
tibiae, tarsi and basal joint of the antennae are sometimes of a brownish color, I
think that he cannot refer to any other of our species having three elytral punc-
tures. A specimen having the thorax a little longer and less regularly rounded
on the sides, was sent me, by Dr. Harris, under the name Agomim nitidum \ I
cannot, however, find sufficiently definite characters to separate it.

23. P.metallescens, supra nigro-aeneus, subnitidus, thorace subrotundato,
latitudine breviore, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, mar-
gine angustius reflexo postice vix latiore, impressionibus basalibus subrugosis,
tuberculo distincto instructis, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus paulo convexis,
basi subemarginatis, striis tenuibus profundis, subtiliter punctulatis, interstitiis
paulo convexis, 3io tripunctato. Long. *3 35.

Sault Ste Marie, and northern shore of Lake Superior. Resembles in form and
sculpture the preceding species, but, besides the color, readily distinguished by
the narrower thoracic margin. The under surface, the antennae and feet are
black, slightly bronzed.

24. P. t e n u i s, supra aeneo-niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine breviore, subro-
tundato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine angus-
tius reflexo picescente postice sublatiore, impressionibus basalibus latis minus
profundis, subrugosis, tuberculo indistincto instructis, elytris thorace fere sesqui
latioribus, convexiusculis, tenuiter striatis, interstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato.
Long. '36.

1854.] 49

Middle and Eastern States, rare. Sufficiently distinct from P. melanarius, by
the slightly bronzed color, more obtuse and more rounded posterior thoracic an-
gles, and less deep and impunctured elytral striae. From P. metallescens, which
it resembles in the form of the thorax, it is easily known by the smooth elytral
striae and more dull color. From P. moerens, it is distinguished by the wider
thorax with more rounded base and less distinct posterior angles.

Dr. Harris sent a specimen as Ag. collare Say ; the impunctured striae, how-
ever, prevent it from being referred to the species described by him under the
same name in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. as above quoted.

25. P. Harrisii, niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore, subro-
tundato, basi late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis, rotundatis, margine angus-
tius depresso vix reflexo, impressionibus basalibus latis, subrugosis, minus pro-
fundis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris paulo inaequalibus, thorace sesqui
latioribus, tripunctatis, striis impunctatis. Long. *35 *4.

Agonnm Harrisii Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 225.

Massachusetts and Lake Superior. The inequalities of the elytra are pro-
duced by irregular dilated shallow impressions along the course of the striae : the
most obvious of these is usually near the extremity of the fifth striae : Dr. Harris
regards this as specific, and therefore applied to the species the unpublished
name Ag. sulcatum. The thorax is less transverse and less rounded than in the
preceding species, and the sides are less distinctly reflexed towards the base.
The second elytral puncture is on the second stria.

26. P. pice us, rufo-piceus, nitidus, antennis capite thoraceque supra ob-
scuris, hoc quadrato-rotundato, latitudine paulo breviore, basi late rotundata,
angulis posticis obtusis vix rotundatis, marine anguste depresso vix reflexo, im-
pressionibus basalibus latis, minus profundis, elytris thorace vix sesqui latiori-
bus tripunctatis, striis sat profundis. Long. *28.

Agouum piceum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 226.

Massachusetts, Dr. Harris. Although differing in size and color, so as to pre-
sent no resemblance whatever to P. Harrisii, the form and structure is very
much as in that species : the posterior angles of the thorax are more distinct,
and the elytral striae deeper : as in that species, the second elytral puncture is
in the second stria.

27. P. car bo, niger, nitidus, thorace subrotundato, latitudine paulo bre-
viore, basi vix late rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, margine angus-
tissime reflexo, impressionibus basalibus minus dilatatis, sat profundis, elytris
thorace vix sesqui latioribus convexiusculis, tenuiter striatis, tripunctatis.
Long. -35.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

One specimen, from the northern shore of Lake Superior. Differs from all
the preceding species by the narrower and slightly thickened reflexed margin of
the thorax. It approaches otherwise perhaps most nearly to P. tenuis : the
second elytral puncture is very near the second stria, but not in it, as in the tw r o
preceding species.

28. P. atratus, niger, nitidus, thorace fere rotundato, latitudine paulo bre-
viore, basi rotundata, angulis posticis rotundatis, indistinctis, margine reflexo
postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis tuberculo obsoleto instructis,
elytris thorace paulo latioribus, convexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis sat profundis.
Long. -34.

Lee. Agassiz 5 Lake Superior, 205.

Northern shore of Lake Superior. The thorax perhaps most nearly resembles
that of P. melanarius, but the base is more rounded, and the basal angles hardly
to be determined : the elytra are but little wider than the thorax, and more con- -
vex, giving the insect very much the form of Pterostichus erythropus. In one
specimen the striae of the elytra are impunctured, in another they are obsoletely
punctulate.

29. P. frater, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso,subquadrato, basi vix late

y

50 [April,

rotundato, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, lateribus late rotundatis, margine
anguste reflexo, basi utrinque late impressa, tuberculo indistincto instructo,
elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, paulo convexis, tripunctatis, striis profundis,
interstitiis paulo convexis. Long. -35.

San Francisco and San Diego, California, not rare. I was inclined to refer
this species to Agonum brevicolle Dej ., (Sp. Gen. 3, 159) but on examining seve-
ral specimens, I find that the elytral punctures are always three: the second is
placed about the middle on the third stria, as in most of the species above
described : the lateral margin of the thorax is hardly wider towards the poste-
rior angles than at the middle: the basal impressions are sometimes slightly ru-
gous and punctulate. The form of the thorax is somewhat that of P. Harrisii,
but is less rounded on the sides.

30. P. quadratus, aeneo-niger, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo breviore,
quadrato, postice subangustato, basi media truncata, margine reflexo postice
paulo latiore, angulis posticis vix rotundatis, impressionibus basalibus profundis,
subtiliter rugosis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus minus convexis subquadratis,
tripunctatis, striis sat profundis, interstitiis fere planis. Long. .34.

One specimen, Oregon. Enough remains of the antennae and feet, to show
that they were black. This species has a comparatively smaller thorax than
the others of this group, and seems to establish a passage towards group (C d,)
from which, however, it differs in having the basal impressions of the thorax
more excavated, and not prolonged anteriorly. The sides of the thorax are
moderately rounded anteriorly : the second elytral puncture is placed on the
second stria.

31. P. c u pr i p e nn i s , subtus aeneo-niger, capite thoraceque viridi-aureis,
nitidis, hoc latitudine breviore rotundato, margine tenui postice paulo latiore,
basi utrinque modice impressa, subtiliter rugosa, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus,
oblongo-ovalibus, fulgenti-cupreis, viridi late marginatis, subtiliter tripunctatis,
striis tenuibus, interstitiis planis. Long. *32 *36.

iLec Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Feronia cupripevnis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 50.

Agonum cupripenne Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 139. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 28.

Abundant throughout the Middle and Western States; found also at Lake Su-
perior, and, according to Kirby, in lat. 54. A variety from Lake Superior has
the thorax and head and margin of the elytra greenish blue, and the disc of the
latter golden.

A specimen from New York, given me by Mr. Guex, has the upper surface
green, somewhat darker, and tinged with purple on the head and thorax.

D-g.

A group containing winged species, in which the thorax is almost circular,
and finely margined, with the basal impressions deep, but very small like punc-
tures. The elytra are oval, truncate at base, slightly sinuate at tip, and mode-
rately convex ; the stria? are deep and punctured, the third interval has three im-
pressed punctures: the antennae at least in part are rufous.

32. P. punctiformis, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, tenuiter margi-
nato, basi utrinque puncto maiusculo impresso, elytris thorace fere duplo latiori-
bus. convexis tripunctatis striis antice punctulatis, antennarum basi tibiis tar-
sisque rufis, femoribus saepe nigro-piceis. Long. *28 *36.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 206.

Feronia punctijormis Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 58.

Agonum rufipes Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 173.

Agonum pun ct if or vie Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4,423.

Agonum foveicolle Chaudoir, Bull. Mosc. 1843, 764.

Lake Superior, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Nebraska. Between the specimens
having the legs entirely red, and those having the thighs almost black, I can
perceive no difference of a specific nature. Mr. Chaudoir compares it with Ag.
lenum (Dej.,) but his description applies to no other but this species.

1851.] 51

33. P. limbatus, nitidus, capite thoraceque saturate piceo-rufis,'hoc ro-
tundato, tenuiter marginato, basi utrinque puncto magno impresso, elytris thorace
hand sesqui latioribus nigris margine lato testaceo, tripunctatis, striis fortius
puuctatis, postpectore abdomineque nigris, antennis piceis basi, palpis pedibus-
que testaceis. Long. -35.

Feronia limbata Say, Trans. Am. Phil Soc. 2, 47.
Agonum palliatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 174.

Georgia, Illinois and Pennsylvania. A more robust species than the preceding,
with a larger thorax.

E.

A. group containing winged species of a metallic or submetallic color, with
the base of the antennae, the palpi and the legs, or at least the tibiae and tarsi
yellow. The thorax is slightly cordiform, narrowly margined, with the poste-
rior angles obtuse and slightly rounded ; the basal impressions are deep, mode-
rately large and punctulate ; the elytra are twice as wide as the thorax, truncate
at base, moderately convex ; the striae are punctured ; the third interstice has
three punctures, of which the second is on or near the second stria.

34. P. as r u g i n o s u s, piceo-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine subbreviore,
ovali, convexo, tenuiter marginato, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus
basalibus parvis minus impressis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, ovalibus, con-
vexis, tenuiter striatis, rnterstitiis planis, 3io tripunctato, antennarum basi pedi-
busque piceo-testaceis. Long. 23 *28.

Agonum aruginosum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 168.

Vermont, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Georgia. By the small size of the basal im-
pression of the thorax, this is readily distinguished from the other species, of this
group. Sometimes the antennae appear entirely brownish black, but usually the
first joint, at least, is reddish.

35. P. exc a va t u s, aenpus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore, parum
convexo, postice subanaustato, basi punctulato utrinque profunde impresso, an-
gulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris thorace duplo latioribus tenuiter striatis,
striis versus basin subtiliter punctulatis, interstitio 3io trifoveato, antennis basi
pedibusque piceo-testaceis. Long. 28.

Agonum ezcavatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 1@9.

Middle and Western States ; not rare on the banks of streams.

36. P. fe r r e u s, nigro-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine fere longiore con-
vexo, postice paulo angustato, basi punctulato utrinque profunde impresso, an-
gulis posticis obtusis, subrotundatis, elytris convexiusculis, tripunctatis, striis
profundis usque ad medium valde punctatis, versus apicem minus impressis an-
tennarum basi tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis. Long. 3.

Agonum. ferreum Hald. Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 228.
Agonum ocreatum Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1, 299. (Sp^c. immat.)
Middle and Western States ; not common. The striae of the elytra are quite
faint towards the tip, which is obliquely subsinuate.

37. P. e r r a n s, obscure cyaneo-aeneiis, nitidus, thorace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, paulo convexo, postice maijis angustato, basi vix punctulato, utrinque
profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis rotundatis, elytris thorace duplo
latioribus paulo convexis, tripunctatis, striis angustis impunctatis, antennis fuscis,
articulis 3 pedibusque rufis. Long. *29.

Feronia errans Say, Journ Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 147.

Agonum errans Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 423.

One specimen found on Platte River, Nebraska. Very similar to the next,
but the thorax is longer and more distinctly narrowed posteriorly; the stria? of
the elytra are absolutely without punctures, and the base of the antennae is
much paler.

38. P. sub c o r d a t u s, cupreo-aeneus (raro viridi-aeneus) nitidus, thorace

52 [April,

minus convexo, latitudine breviore, postice subangustato, basi punctulato,
utrinque latius profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris
thorace fere duplo latioribus minus convexis, tripunctatis striis angustis versus
basin subtiliter punctulatis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lrao pedibusque piceo-
rufis. Long. *3 34.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

?Agouum erythropum\\ Kirby, Fauna Eor. Am. 28.

Sandy Lake, Upper Mississippi ; the green variety was found in Nebraska,
near the Rocky Mountains. By the change of genus Kirby's name becomes a
homonym of P. erythropus Dej. above described. As Mr. Kirby does not
mention the punctures of the base of the thorax, nor of the striae of the elytra, I
am not certain that his species is the same as the one described ; should it prove
to be different from mine, the name P. Ki rb y i must be applied to it.

39. P. b a sa 1 i s, asneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore ovali con-
vexiusculo, postice subanguscato, angulis posticis rotundatis, impressionibus
basalibus profundis parce punctulatis, tuberculo obsoleto instructis, elytris tho-
race duplo latioribus oblongis, minus convexis, striis modice profundis, inter-
stitiis paulo convexis, 3io subtiliter tripunctato, antennis piceis, articulo lmo
pedibusque rufis. Long. *3.

Agonum basale Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

One specimen found in Nebraska, near the mountains. From its color and
form this species, at first sight, resembles a small specimen of P. extensicollis,
but on comparison it is found completely different. The basal impressions of the
thorax are not prolonged anteriorly, and the margin is not wider at the rounded
posterior angles. The third interstice of the elytra has only three very small
punctures, of which the second and third are placed on the second stria.

40. P. v a g ans, virescente-aeneus, nitidus, thorace latitudine non breviore,
ovali, postice subangustato, margine postice paulo latiore, angulis posticis ro-
tundatis, impressionibus basalibus profundis, parce punctulatis, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus, oblongo-ovalibus, parum convexis, striis sat profundis obsolete
punctulatis, interstitiis vix convexis, 3io subtiliter tripunctato, antennis piceis,
articulo lmo pedibusque rufis, genubus, tarsisque paulo infuscatis. Long. 29.

One specimen, New York. Resembles in form P. nutans, but the elytra have
only three small punctures (the second near the second stria on one elytron, and
near the third on the other ;) the striae are deeper and very finely punctulate ;
from P. subcordatus, it differs by the longer thorax.

F.

Winged species of a slender form, usually black, sometimes, hower, piceous,
and in one instance of a metallic green color ; the base of the antennae and the feet
are yellow ; the thorax is oval, with the margin narrowly reflexed becoming
broader towards the posterior angles, which are rounded and indistinct; the
basal impressions are narrow, sometimes deep and smooth, sometimes nearly
obsolete. The elytra are elongate oval, twice as wide as the thorax, moderately
convex, emarginate at the base and obliquely subtruncate at tip; the striae are
fine, the interstices flat, the third marked with five or six punctures.

41. P. nutans, capite thoraceque viridiaeneis,hoc ovali, latitudine longiore,
margine angusto reflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis. nullis, impressionibus
basalibus profundis laevibus, elytris thorace duplo latioribus, elongatis, aeneis
nitidis, 5-punctatis, striis tenuibus impunctatis, antennis nigris articulo lmo
pedibusque piceo-rufis, femoribus apice infuscatis. Long. ; 27 35.

Feronia nutans Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 52.

Agonum nutans Say; ibid. 4, 423, (syn. excl.); Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

A so num femoral um Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 146.

Middle and Western States ; also in Nebraska. Say, in the fourth volume above
cited, makes the unaccountable error of referring Agonum striatopunctatum Dej.
to this speciest

1854.] 53

42. P. crenulatus, nigro-aeneus, minus convexus, thorace subrotundato,
latitudine paulo breviore, margine reflexo postice paulo latiore, angulis posticis
nullis, basi utrinqu'e profundius impresso, et parce punctulato, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus oblongis, 5 vel 6-punctatis, striis tenuibus antice punctulatis,
intersf itiis planis, antennarum basi pedibusque piceo-testaceis, vel testaceis.
Long. -31.

Georgia, rare ; Louisiana, Dr. Schaum. This species establishes, by its form
and characters, a passage from this group towards P. excavatus among those
having three elytral punctures. The elytra are broader and more square in their
outline than in any other species of this group, to which, nevertheless, it seems
most closely related ; in one specimen three joints of the antenna? are pale, in
the other only the first one is dark testaceous.

43. P. striatopunctatus, aeneo-niger, elongatus nitidus, thorace ovali
latitudine longiore, margine reflexo postice latiore, angulis posticis nullis, basi
utrinque profunde impresso, et obsolete punctulato, elytris thorace duplo latiori-
bus, elonjjato ovalibus, striis punctulatis satprofundis, interstitiis paulo convexis,
antennarum articulo lmo pedibusque testaceis. Long. -24 *3.

Agonum striatopunctatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 167.
Agonum decipiens Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 229.

Georgia. Has very much the form of P. nutans, but is smaller and darker
colored ; the strice of the elytra are deeper and distinctly but finely punctured.

44 P. re tract us, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato-ovali, latitudine non
breviore, postice modice angustato, angulis posticis valde rotundatis, margine
tenui postice latiore subreflexo, basi utrinque longitudinaliter sat profunde im-
preasa, elytris ovalibus, picescentibus thorace plus sesqui latioribus, striis mo-
dice profundis, interstitiis subconvexis, 3io punctis 4 vel 5-impresso, pedibus
rufis, antennis piceis basi rufo-testaceis. Long. *27 3.

Lee Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum retractum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 228.

? Agonum lenum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 166.

Lake Superior, Massachusetts and New York. The first specimen described
by me was defective in having very small elytral punctures, whereby I was led
into the error of describing the elytra as having only three punctures on the
third interstice. The thorax is larger and wider in proportion than the last spe-
cies, but the elytra are wider and less elliptical than in the remaining species of
this group, and the stria? are deeper. I am somewhat doubtful about referring
Dejean's description to this species, since not only the first joint of the antennae,
but very frequently three or four joints are paler than the outer joints, and the
striae of the elytra, in comparison with the following species, could hardly be
called fine. As, however, Dejean implies that the sides of the thorax are some-
what reflexed posteriorly, I must acknowledge that my reference of his species
to what is described below as P. picipennis, must be considered faulty.

45. P. ruficornis, piceo-niger nitidus, elongatus, thorace latitudine paulo
longiore, ovali, postice paulo angustato, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine
tenuiter reflexo postice paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus latis minus pro-
fundis, elytris elongato-ellipticis, thorace vix sesqui latioribus, piceis striis tenu-
ibus, interstitiis planissimis, 3io punctatis 5 7 impresso, pedibus rufis, antennis
piceis extrorsum pallide rufis. Long. *31.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

? Agonum picipenne var. C and D. Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Lake Superior. Larger than the preceding and following species, and besides
the difference in the thorax, readily distinguished by the antennae being much
paler from the fourth joint outwards. I have cited Kirby, because he says that
the varieties mentioned have the second, third and fourth joints of the antennae
piceous, and the rest ferruginous; in my specimens the first joint is rufous in
one, and piceous in the others.

46. P. p i c i p e n n i s, niger nitidus, elongatus, thorace ovali, latitudine Ion-

54 [April,

giore, tenuiter rnarginato, angiitis posticis rotundatis, itnpressionibus basalibus
angustis parum profundis, elytris thorace latioribus, elongato-ellipticis, piceis,
striis tenuibus, interstitiis plants 3io punctis 4 6 impresso, epipleuris pedibusque
pieeo-testaeeis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lmo rufescente. Long. -25 27.

Agonum picipenne Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Agonum lenum% Lee Ann. Lye 229.

Platynas lenis\ Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior 205.

Middle States, Nebraska and Lake Superior. The elytra are sometimes nearly
black, and sometimes nearly testaceous ; the lateral margin of the thorax is not
dilated posteriorly. In the paler specimens the antennae are piceous, with the
first three or four joints testaceous.

47. P. lutulentus, piceo-testaceus, nitidus elongatus, capite nigro, thorace
ovali, latitudine longiore, tenuissime rnarginato, angulis posticis rotundatis, itn-
pressionibus basalibus parvis minus impressis, elytris thorace latioribus, elongato-
ellipticis, striis tenuibus interstitiis planis, 3io punctis 4 maiusculis impresso,
antennis piceis, articulo lmo rufo. Long. -26.

Maine and Lake Superior. Apart from the difference in color, this species
differs from the preceding in having the thorax still more finely margined, with
the basal impressions smaller and less marked ; the striae of the elytra are finer,
and the punctures appear to be larger and never more than four in number. I
formerly distributed this species as Agonum sordens Kirby, (Fauna Bor. Am.
25,) but on reviewing the subject; I find that it does not correspond with his
description. The color beneath is about the same as above, and varies from pale
piceous to deep piceous.

48. P. n i g r i c e p s, pallide testaceus, nitidus, elongatus, capite nijjro, tho-
race elongato, subquadrato, latitudine longiore, lateribus paulo rotundatis, basi
angulisque posticis rotundatis, tenuissime rnarginato, impressionibus basalibus
parvis, minus impressis, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus elongato-ellipticis, striis
tenuibus, interstitiis planis 3io punctis 4 subtilibus impresso, sutura thoracisque
disco longitudinaliter infuscatis, antennis piceis, basi testaceis. Long. 25.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum nigriceps Lee, Ann. Lye 4, 229.

One specimen, Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior. The appearance is very much
like that of Demetrias atricapillus of Europe ; the elytra are somewhat more dis-
tinctly sinuate at the apex than in the other species of this group, and are, in-
deed, almost obliquely truncate ; the sutural striae is deeper than the others.

G.

A group containing but one winged species of a metallic green color, and mo-
derately stout figure ; the thorax is rounded, slightly truncate at base, very finely
margined, with the basal impressions small and deep; the elytra are subellip-
tical, emarginate at base, slightly sinuate at tip, finely striate, with several
large quadrate foveae on the third interval.

49. P. octopunctatus, supra aeneo-viridis, vix nitidus, thorace rotundato,
tenuiter rnarginato, basi snbtruncata, utrinque fovea profunda impressa, elytris
thorace sesqui latioribus ellipticis, tenuiter striatis, foveis quatuor quadratis ob-
scuris profundis utrinque impressis, antennarum' basi pedibusque piceo-rufis,
femoribus aeneo-micantibus. Long. -3.

Carabus octopunctatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 55. Syst. El. 1, 186.

Feronia octopunctata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 51.

Agonum octopu?ictatum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 136.

Middle and Western States. The elytra are frequently tinged with coppery
from the suture as far as the fourth stria, and have occasionally five foveae. The
under surface is shining blackish green.

1854.] 55

H h.

A group containing two winged species, in which the thorax is rounded and
moderately large, finely margined, with the margin extending along the sides of
the base and very slightly thickened, but hardly reflexed. The elytra are not
much wider than the thorax, emarginate at base, hardly sinuate at the apex, and
have four and five punctures on the third interval. The antenna? and feet are
entirely black ; the upper surface is coppery.

50. P.protractus, elongatus supra acneus, nitidus, thorace rotundato,
tenuiter marginato, basi truncata utrinque latius foveata et obsolete punctulata,
angulis posticis valde rotundatis, elytris thorace paulo latioribus, 4-punctatis,
interstitiis planis ; subtus cum antennis pedibusque aeneo-niger. Long. *33.

Lake Superior, and Sandy Lake, Minnesota. The difference between this and
the next species is not well defined ; nevertheless, several specimens agree in
havins the thorax not wider than long, with the posterior angles more definite,
although much rounded ; the general form of the body is narrower. These dif-
ferences are not sexual, as of each form are found both males and females.

51. P. c h a 1 c e u s, capite thoraceque supra aeneis nitidis, hoc rotundato,
tenuiter marginato, latitudine breviore, basi truncata, utrinque latius foveata et
obsolete punctulata, angulis posticis obsoletis, elytris thorace fere sesqui lati-
oribus, cuprascentibus, 4 vel 5-punctatis, interstitiis planis, subtus cum antennis
pedibusque aeneo-niger. Long. -33 *35.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

Agonum chalceum Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 224.

Sault Ste Marie, Michigan, not rare 5 a specimen also occurred in Nebraska.
Can Agonum enpreum Dej. (Sp. Gen. 5, 736,) be a variety of this or the pre-
ceding species, having but three elytral punctures?

H-i.

Winged species of moderately stout figure and variable color. The thorax is
broad and rounded, with the posterior angles obsolete ; the margin is fine and
slightly reflexed, the basal impressions are largp, rounded and shallow. The
elytra are deeply emarsjinate at base, very slightly sinuate at the apex ; the strias
are fine, and the intervals flat; the third interval has from 5 to 8 punctures.

52. P. pi acid us, cyaneo-niger, subnitidus, thorace rotundato, latitudine
paulo breviore, margine fortius reflexo picescente postice paulo latiore, basi
utrinque late sat profunde foveata, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, tenuiter
striatis, 5 7-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo tibiis tarsisque piceo-testaceis.
Long. -337.

Feronia placida Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 43.

Agonum morosnm Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 145.

Lake Superior, Maine, Illinois, New York, Georgia, Santa Fe. Readily recog-
nized by its greenish or bluish black color; the elytral punctures are usually six
in number, of which the two posterior are situated in the second stria, the others
on the third. Varieties occur having the legs of a uniform dull reddish color.

53. P. maculicollis, rufo-testaceus, subnitidus, capite obscuriore, thorace
rotundato, latitudine breviore, margine tenui paulo reflexo, basi utrinque late
vix distincte impressa obsolete punctulata, macula discoidali magna obscura
ornato, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, tenuiter striatis, 5 6-punctatis, nigris
margine lata ad humeros dilatata antennis pedibusque testaceis, abdomine nigro-
piceo ano testaceo. Long. 40 48.

Agonum maculicolle Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 175.

Anchomenus maculicollis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 199.

California, in every part west of the Sierra; the elytra are distantly and very
obsoletely punctulate ; of the punctures the two anterior are placed in the third,
the others in or near the second stria. The thorax is sometimes entirely testa-
ceous. By a strange error Count Mannerheim has added the word Ct apterus " to
the diagnosis, which he has otherwise copied almost literally from Dejean; the

56 [April

insect is always winged, and at San Diego, in June, occurred in such numbers,
flying in the twilight, as to be very troublesome.

54. P. variolatus, aeneo-niger, thorace latitudine breviore, rotundato, mar-
gine tenui reflexo, basi utrinque late minus profunde foveata, elytris thorace
duplo latioribus, tenuiter striatis, punctis 5 7 maiusculis impressis, aeneo-pieeis,
margine late pedibusque flavo-testaceis, antennis nigro-piceis, articulo lmo rufo.
Long. -25.

Lee. Ann. Lye. 5, 178.

San Francisco, California; under bark of dead trees. The four anterior of the
elytral punctures are placed on the third, the posterior three, or two (as the case
may be) are adjacent to the second stria. In one specimen there are only three
punctures on the third stria, the other four being on the second. The basal im-
pressions do not combine with the concavity near the margin (as in P. placidus)
but remain distinct.

Mr. Motschulsky (Bull. Mosc. 1845, pars 1, 21,) has mentioned a species
under the name Agonum limlatttm, which may be identical with our insect. He
merely states, " in size and form it resembles closely A. p e 1 i d n u m, but is
readily distinguished by the whitish margin of the elytra." The specific name
is, however, preoccupied by Say.

H k.

A group containing species of a robust form, but flattened body ; the color is
more or less metallic ; the legs and antennae dark colored or black ; the thorax
has the posterior angles somewhat distinct, but not prominent; the margin is
very narrow, but not reflexed; the basal impressions are shallow and prolonged
anteriorly. The elytra are scarcely one half wider than the thorax, emarginate
at base, very slightly sinuate at the tip ; the striae are well marked, but fine ; the
third interval has from five to seven punctures.

55. P. deplanatus, aeneus, virescens, modice elongatus, thorace rotundato-
quadrato, tenuiter marginato, latitudine breviore, postice parum angustato, basi
truncato, utrinque sat profunde impresso, angulis posticis obtusis, haud rotun-
datis, elytris fere depressis, thorace vix sesqui latioribus, oblongis, tenuiter
striatis, 6-punctatis, antennarum articulo lmo pedibusque piceo-aeneis. Long.
3845.

Agonum deplanatum Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58. (1844.)
Abundant at San Jose. The original description mentions that the striae of
the elytra are finely punctulate ; this character may be observed in some speci-
mens, but is usually not apparent. The basal impressions of the thorax are
sometimes very obsoletely punctulate ; the punctures of the third interval of
the elytra are not adjacent to either stria.

56. P. f o s s i g e r, niger, vel aeneo-niger, thorace rotundato-quadrato, tenuiter
marginato, postice subangustato, basi late rotundata, utrinque longius impressa,
angulis posticis obtusis subrotundatis, elytris paulo convexis, (feminse opacius-
culis) thorace vix sesqui latioribus, oblongis, striis fere impunctatis, interstitiis
parum convexis, 3io punctis 5 7 maiusculis impressis. Long. '3538.

Agonum fossiger Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 160.

Anchomenus fossiger Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 199.

California, at San Francisco, San Jose, San Diego, and the Colorado River.
Varies not only in color, but even in form ; the thorax is usually distinctly wider
than long, and considerably rounded on the sides ; the basal impressions are
broad and obsoletely prolonged anteriorly to the middle, and occasionally slightly
punctulate.

a. This is a single specimen from San Francisco, in which the thorax is not
wider than long, almost square, and less rounded on the sides than in the other
specimens, but with the posterior angles less distinct and more rounded. The
general form of the body is narrower, but as I have not found the characters
sufficiently distinct, it would be imprudent for the present to separate it under
another name.

1854.] 57

I.

r A group of small black winged species, having the thorax transverse, rounded
at the sides and base, with the posterior angles very obtuse, but usually distinct ;
the margin is narrowly reflexed, especially towards the posterior angles; the
basal impressions are not obvious, being lost in the concavity between the mar-
gin and the disc ; the elytra are oblong, and flattened ; they are deeply emarginate
at base ; when the elytra have three small punctures, they are almost truncate
at tip, and are slightly sinuate: when I he elytra are deeply foveate, the sutural
portion is more prolonged, so that the truncation becomes oblique. The striae
are veiy fine and badly defined; the legs and antennae are black; the latter area
little stouter than usual, though hardly perceptibly so.

57. P. c o n s i m i 1 i s, niger, nitidus, thorace subquadrato transverso, basi et
lateribus latins rotundato, angulis posticis distinctis, margine tenui reflexo pos-
tice paulo latiore, elytris oblongis, basi valde emarginatis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, tenuiter striatis, subtiliter tripunctatis. Lon^. *32.

One specimen ; Michipicoton, Lake Superior. Differs from P. obsoletus by its
larger size, less rounded base of thorax, and much more distinct posterior angles.
The four anterior trochanters are red. As in the next two species, the apex of
the elytra is almost truncate, and as in them the second puncture is in the second
stria.

58. P. obsoletus, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso, postice subangustato
basi valde rotundato, angulis posticis obtussissitnus, margine tenui reflexo pos-
tice paulo latiore, elytris oblongis, basi valde emarginatis, thorace duplo latiori-
bus, tenuiter striatis, subtiliter tripunctatis. Long. *24 -28.

Feronia obsoleta Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 57.

Agonum luctuosum Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 172.

Agonum obsoletum Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 4, 423.

c F/ronia placida Say,'i Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227 ; Agassiz' Lake Superior, 205.

New York and Lake Superior. The error by which I referred this species to'
Feronia placida Say, is entirely unaccountable. This common species frequently
has the anterior and middle trochanters of a deep red color. I have received a
typical specimen named by Say, through the kindness of Dr. Harris.

59. P. strigicollis, niger, nitidus, thorace transverso, postice vix an-
gustato, basi rotundata, angulis posticis obtusis, margine tenui reflexo postice
paulo latiore, impressionibus basalibus longiusculis minus distinctis subtiliter
rugosis, elytris fere duplo latioribus oblongo-quadratis, subtiliter striatis, tri-
punctatis. Long. -3.

Anchomenus strigicollis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 294.

Oregon, at Prairie Paso, and Fort Vancouver, Dr. J. G. Cooper ; northern
part of the west coast of America, according to Count Mannerheim. This spe-
cies is very closely related to the preceding, but the thorax is wider posteriorly,
thus becoming more quadrate, the posterior angles are more distinct, and there-
flexed margin is a little wider. The elytra are comparatively much shorter,
being not more than one half longer than wide, while in P. obsoletus they are
fully twice as long as wide; the basal impressions of th thorax, though long,
are very indistinct; in the preceding they cannot be traced.

60. P. bembidioides, aeneo-niger, opacus, thorace transverso subquad-
rato, basi rotundata, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis at distinctis,
elytris oblongis, maculis sericeis confluenlibus variegatis, tenuiter striatis, foveis
quatuor magnis utrinque impressis. Long. -26.

Lee. Agassiz' Lake Supetior, 206.

Sericoda bembidioides Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 15, pi. 1, fig. 2.

Agonum bembidioides Lee. Ann. Lye. 4, 227.

One specimen, Lake Superior. Closely resembles the next species, but is
sufficiently distinct by its larger size, and the irregularly mottled appearance of
the elytra.

Kirby's genus Sericoda was formed on an erroneous examination of the palpi

58 [April,

of a distorted or mutilated specimen. Chaudoir (Bull. Mosc. 1844, p. 70) has
established a genus Rhytiderus, upon Dromius 10-punctatus, from South Ame-
rica, but which, as observed by Erichson, (Bericht fiber Kntom. 1844,) be-
longs to Kirby's Sericoda. The relation between the genus Sericoda, and a very
common insect of northern Europe, does not, however, appear to have been
suspected by any of the authors,

61. P. stigmosus, aeneo-niger, subnitidus, thorace transverso subquadrato,
basi rotundata, postice subangustato, angulis posticis obtusis at distinctis, elytris
oblongis, tenuiter striatis, utrinque foveis magnis quatuor impressis. Long. '21.

Flatynus quadripunctatu$\ Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 206.

Very abundant at Lake Superior, and found also in Maine and New Hamp-
shire. Dr. Schaum tells me that he considers this as the same as the European
P. quadripunctatus, and in my catalogue of Lake Superior Coleoptera, I gave it
as such on his authority. On comparing, however, a large number of specimens
with one found in Sweden, the posterior angles of the thorax, although very ob-
tuse, appear to be always well defined, while in the European specimen the
angles and the base are rounded together, so that the apex of the angle cannot
be defined.

Many of the specimens have two slightly impressed foveae before the middle
of the thorax, but some are found without such impressions.

Olisthopus Dej.

1. 0. parmatus, niger, nitidus, thorace rotundato, transverso, margine
tenui testaceo, basi utrinque minus profunde impressa, elytris thorace latioribus
breviter ovalibus, basi emarginatis, subtiliter tripunctatis, sat profunde striatis,
piceo-testaceis, disco plus minus infuscato, antennis palpis pedibusque testaceis,
ill is extrorsum fuscis. Long. -28.

Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 181.

Feronia parmata Say, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2, 49.

Olisthopus ductus Say, Trans. Am. Phil Soc 4, 424.

Pennsylvania, Indiana, Georgia. A type of 0. cinctus, given me by Dr. Mel-
sheimer, does not differ in any essential point from the other specimens. I have
never seen any in which the lateral bead of the thorax was not testaceous, and
am inclined to believe that Mr. Say had not a specimen of his Feroui a parmata
before him when he described 0. cinctus. The basal impressions of the thorax
are sometimes obsoletely punctulate, in other specimens they are quite smooth ;
the elytra are sometimes nearly uniform brownish yellow, sometimes piceous,
with the shoulders and sides indistinctly brown.

2. 0. micans, nigro-piceus, nitidus, cyaneo-micans, thorace rotundato,
transverso, marline tenui testaceo postice subreflexo, basi utrinque vix late
foveata, elytris ovalibus. basi emarginatis, tripunctatis, tenuiter striatis, mar-
gine tenui testaceo, antennis palpis pedibusque flavis, ill is extrorsum fuscis.
Long. 18.

Leeonte, Ann. Lye. New York 4, 230.

Georgia and Louisiana. Readily distinguished by its small size; the striae of
the elytra are finer than in 0. parmatus, and the intervals perfectly fat ; the
margin of the thorax is a little reflexed and broader towards the base.

Species Unknown to me.
From California.

Calathus B e h r e n s i i Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 195.

Scaphiodactylus micans Chaud. Bull. Mosc. 1844,479. Anchomenus micans
Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58.

Tanystola striata Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 69. Anchomenus striatus
Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 132. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 198.

Tanystola s u 1 c a ta Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 70. Anchom. sulcatus
Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 131. Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1813. 198.

1854.] 59

Anchomenus ovipennis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196. A. rotundipennis
Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, part 2, 340.

Anchomenus rugiceps Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196. A. ovipennis Motsch.

1. cit. 2, 339.

Anchomenus m a u r u s Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, 2, 339.

Anchomenus brunneo-marginatus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 196.

Anchomenus ferruginosus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 128. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 197.

Agonum brevicolle Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 159. Anchom. brevicollis Mann. Bull.
Mosc. 1843, 199.

Agonum f a m e 1 i c u m Menetries, Bull. Petrop. 2, 58.

From Russian. America.
Agonum mol 1 e FJsch. Mem. Soc. Imp. Mosc. 6, 102. Fischer, Ent. Ross.

2, 125, tab. 19, fig. 2. Anehom. mollis Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 129. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1843, 198.

Agonothorax planipennis Motsch. Kafer Russl. (Carab.) 68.

From Atlantic America.

Anchomenus elongatulus Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 112.

Agonum n i t i du 1 u m Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 143.

Agonum c u p r e u m Dej. Sp. Gen. 5, 735.

Agonum a 1 b i c r u s Dej. Sp. Gen. 3, 158.

Agonum sordens Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 25.

Agonum seminitidum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 26.

Agonum simile Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 27.

Agonum af f i n e Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 27.

Feronia maculifrons Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 116, (vide Platynus
cincticollis, sup. p. 43.)

Feronia scutellaris Say, (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 146) is a diseased specimen
of one of our black species, allied to P. melanarius.

Anchomenus pubescens Dej. (Sp. Gen. 3, 122) of which Anch. obconicus
Eald. (Proc Acad. 1, 299) is a synonym, does not belong to this group, but
forms a genus A t r a n u s Lee. (Ann. Lye. 4, 438,) allied to Chlaenius.

The European Platynus angust icollis Dej . is mentioned by Kirby (Fauna
Bor. Am. 23) as being found on this continent in lat. 54 and 65; his descrip-
tion seems to apply to one of the species of division (B a,) and probably to
P. marginatus ; a comparison of specimens is, however, desirable in order to es-
tablish the synonymy.

Descriptions of nexv genera and species of North American Frogs.

By Spencer F. Baird.

HYLAD.E.

Teeth in upper jaw. Abdomen granulated. Two outer metatarsals, firmly
united throughout by muscle and ligament.

1. Acris crepitans, Baird. Brownish above. The median region of head and
body above bright green : a dark triangle between the eyes. Three oblique
blotches on the sides, nearly equidistant; the first behind the eye, the last on
the Hanks and running up on the back; all usually margined with lighter. A
narrow white line from the eye to the arm. Beneath yellowish white. Inferior
face of thigh plain. Tibia a little more than half the length of the body; foot
rather smaller. Head rather obtuse, scarcely longer than broad. Web of hind
foot extending to the penultimate articulation of the 4th toe.

Syn. Hylodes gryllus, De Kay, N. Y. Zool. III. (1842.) 70, PI. xxii. f. 61.
Ilab. Northern States generally.

2. Acris acheta, Baird. Slender. Tibia two-thirds the length of body. Color
above dark brown ; blotched much as in Acris gryllus. Beneath white, closely

60 [April,

mottled with brown on the body and on the inferior and inner faces of the limbs ;
where are also visible minute white dots. Lower surface of body appears quite
black. A narrow white line from eye to arm.
Hab. Key West, Florida.

Genus Chorophilus, Eaird.

Smooth above, granulated beneath. Extremities of limbs simple, not dilated
at tip. Hands free; feet with a slight basal web, which is entirely wanting be-
tween the two outer toes. Tongue orbicular ; emarginate behind. Teeth pos-
terior to the inner nares. Tympanum distinct. Transverse apophyses of sacral
vertebrae dilated into triangular pallets.

Distinguished from Acris by expansion of apophyses; from Litoria by the
emarginate tongue, less membrane of toes, and more posterior palatine teeth ;
from Hylodes in having a membrane at base of toes, &c.

Type, Chorophilus nigritus, Baird, (Cystignathus nigritus, Holb.)

Genus Heloccetes, Baird.

Granulated almost everywhere above and below. Tongue nearly entire. Vo-
merine teeth between the nares. Tympanum distinct. Fingers and toes slightly
dilated or knobbed. Fingers free ; toes webbed to bases of phalanges ; a slight
membrane at base of outer toes. Transverse apophyses of sacral vertebras ex-
panded at ends.

Differs from Hylodes and Acris in membrane of toes, and dilatation of sacral
apophyses ; from Hyla in slight web and disks ; from Chorophilus in more an-
terior position of vomerine teeth, &c.

3. Heloccetes feriarum, Baird. Body stout, squat. Head broad. Femur and
tibia and hind foot about equal, and half the length of the body. Above dark or
fawn, with three nearly parallel stripes down the back, the central widening,
but scarcely bifurcate behind, and commencing behind a triangular spot between
the eyes. A similar dark vitta on sides of head and body, with a white line
along edge of the jaw. Body about one inch long.

Hab. Carlisle, Penna.

4. Heloccetes triseriatus. Baird. Body rather slender ; head narrow. Femur
less than tibia, which is about two-thirds length of body, and shorter than hind
foot. Light bluish ash above, with a "Hark dorsal stripe commencing at the snout,
and not interrupted between the eyes; bifurcating about the middle of the
trunk ; a stripe on each side of this, and another on sides of head and body,
making five distinct stripes anteriorly; lateral stripe with white line below.
Body about an inch in length.

Syn. Hyla triseriata, Max. Prinz von Wied. Reise 1, (1839,) 249.
Hab. Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and the upper Missouri.

5. Heloccetes clar/cii, Baird. Snout acute, projecting. Extremities somewhat
dilated. Tibia half the distance between eye and anus. Foot but little longer,
not nearly half the length of body. Above grayish brown or ash, with distinct
large circular blotches. A dark band from snout through eye and tympanum
down the sides, and a whitish line on the side of jaw. Size about one inch long.

Hab. Galveston and Indianola, Texas.

6. Hyla richardii, Baird. Above uniform grass green ; smooth; beneath
white. Tibia considerably less than half the length of body. Hind foot less
than arm from elbow. Less than one inch in length.

Hab. Cambridge, Mass.

7. Hyla andersonii, Baird. Skin smooth but wrinkled ; arm from elbow
longer than hind foot. Above dull olive brown, as are all the exposed surfaces
of the limbs when the animal is couchant ; all the concealed surfaces, especially
those in contact with each other, are thickly sprinkled with circular, yellowish
white spots on a pale brown ground, seen also on the armpits and sides of body
behind. A post-ocular dark vitta extended down the sides (where its lower

1854.] 61

edge is indistinct) and sending a dark branch across the arm to the chin. No
bars on the limbs. Body about two inches in length.
Hab. Anderson, South Carolina.

8. Ihjla exlmia, Baird. Smooth above. Tibiajnot half the total length of
body. Hind foot not longer than arm from elbow. Bluish above, with two dark
longitudinal stripes; beneath white. A dark band from the eye along the sides,
margined above and below by a white line, the latter reaching only to the arm,
behind which the outline of the dark band is indistinct. Legs not banded. Body
about an ineh long.

Hab. City of Mexico.

9. Hyla vanvlietii, Baird. Nearly smooth above. Tympanum nearly as large
as the eye. Tibia half as long as the body, longer than arm from elbow, which
in turn exceeds the foot. Ash gray or olive, with an irregular cruciform dorsal
blotch. A black spot on the side above the foreleg. A white spot under the
eye. Thigh and leg with three transverse bands each. Their inner surfaces
(when flexed) scarcely reticulated, but spotted with white upon a darker ground.
Inside of tibia uncolored. Body two inches long.

Hab. Brownsville, Texas.

10. Hyla affinis, Baird. Body rough. Tympanum two-thirds the size of eye.
Tibia not quite half the length of the body, but reaching more than halfway
from anus to centre of eyes. Color ash gray or green, with numerous rounded
dorsal blotches. Three transverse bands on each thigh and leg. No vermicu-
lation on anterior and posterior faces of hind legs, nor on lower part of sides.
A light spot under the eye. Web of hand extending only to the third joint of
the second finder. Arm from elbow less than tibia, but longer than hind foot.
About li inches long.

Hab. Northern Sonora.

RANIDiE.

Teeth in upper jaw. Abdomen smooth. Two outer metatarsals free for most
of length, or united only by membranes.

11. Rana montezumce, Baird. Head as wide as long. Body generally smooth,
except pustulation on the sides and sometimes above. No fold of skin, either on
the sides or around the tympanum. Tympanum about size of eye; but little
variation with sexes. Large vocal vesicles on each side behind jaws. Tongue
broad, cornua short. Palatine ^protuberances close together. Toes not webbed
beyond middle of last phalanges on the external sides. Color purplish olive
above, grayish below, with crowded spots or vermiculations of whitish all over
the body. In young specimens, rounded, areolated, dark blotches on the back and
foreleg. Size, that of Rana pipiens of Holbrook.

Hab. City of Mexico.

12. Rana septentrionalis> Baird. Body stout, depressed. Skin not tuberculated,
but uneven. A broad depressed ridge on each side of back; none intermediate ;
a branch of same round the tympanum, meeting a thickening from the jaw. Hand
much longer than forearm. Femur and tibia nearly equal, about half the length
of the body, and less than the hind foot. Foot large ; terminal joint of middle
toe free ; that of the others free only on the inner side. Above light greenish
olive, vermiculated with lighter, and with a few large dark blotches posteriorly.
Beneath yellow, unblotched. No line on sides of the jaw. Two inches long.

Hab. Northern Minnesota.

13. Rana sinuata, Baird. Body rather stout; tympanum three-fourths the
size of eye. Palatine teeth small, ranging with the centres of inner nares. Skin
pitted all over with minute pores, with scattered glandules beneath; an indistinct
fold of skin on each side of back, none intermediate ; granulation of buttocks in-
distinct. Femur not half the length of body, rather longer than tibia ; hind foot
considerably longer than the tibia. Above and on sides purplish brown, with

62 [April,

sinuations or coarse vermiculations of yellow. Beneath silvery white. Legs
transversely barred. Two and a half inches long.
Hab. Sacketts Haibor, N. Y.

14. Rana pretiosa, B. and G. Female. Body thick and stout ; head short,
broader than long. Tympanum not two-thirds the length of the eye. Tongue
large. Palatine teeth minute, posterior to the inner nares. Skin leathery, co-
vered with asperities, except on inner surfaces, even on the sole of the foot. A
depressed ridge of skin on each side, none intermediate ; a glandular ridge along
the upper jaw. Femur not half the length of the body ; tibia about equal to it,
but shorter than the hind foot. Terminal joint of longest toe free, next margined,
and web generally extending between the tips of the toes on one side, and the
last articulation on the other. Shortest toe rather more than one-third the length
of the hind foot, both measured from the tarsus. Above yellowish brown, with
rounded dark blotches. Sides dusky; dorsal ridge lighter; a light line along the
posterior ridge of the upper jaw. Faint indications of a dark area about the
tympanum ; a few spots about the nostrils. Beneath yellowish white, obsoletely
marmorated with brown. About two and a half inches long.

Syn. Rana pretiosa B. and G., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Phila., vi. 378.
Hab, Washington Territory.

15. Rana cantabrigensis, Baird. Above yellowish brown. A dark vitta
through the eye, margined below by whitish. Lateral fold of skin light colored,
as is also a median dorsal line extending from the snout to the anus. A narrow
light line along the posterior faces of the thigh and leg. Tibia half the length
of body. General appearance and size of R. sylvatica.

Hab. Cambridge, Mass. (Collection of Prof. Agassiz.)

16. Rana boylii, Baird. Abroad depressed ridge of skin on each side of back.
Skin finely tubercular above. Head broader than long. Tympanum scarcely
evident, pustulated. Tibia more than half the length of body; hind foot less
than half this length; webbed entirely to the horny tips; outer toe decidedly
longer than the third, An elongated tubercle at base of inner toe, with another
opposite to it. Above dull reddish olivaceous, with indistinct blotches on the
back, and fascia on the legs. Beneath yellowish, mottled anteriorly. Two inches
long.

Hab. California (interior.)

17. Scaphiopus couchii, Baird. Outer toe but little shorter than the third.
Hand nearly as long as forearm. Above grayish ash, with dark markings. A
dark line down the back from each orbit, in connection with other markings,
causing a slight similarity of pattern to Hyla versicolor. Beneath white. An
inch long.

Hab. Coahuila and Tamaulipas.

On Fossil Coniferous Wood, from Prince Edward Island.

By J. W. Dawson.

Under the impression that any facts relating to the formation which lias af-
forded the interesting reptilian fragment recently described by Dr. Leidy in the
Journal of this Academy, will prove interesting, 1 beg leave to communicate
the following results of microscopic examinations of the coniferous wood referred
to in my note appended to Dr. Leidy's paper.

I may premise that Prince Edward Island, which extends in an east and west
direction about 130 miles, with an extreme breadth of about 35 miles, consists
almost entirely of bright red sandstones, similar to the matrix of Dr. Leidy's
fossil, with occasional bands of red clay, conglomerate and arenaceous and con-
cretionary limestone. Over a large part of the island, these beds dip at very
small angles to the northward. There are, however, some tracts in which the
beds undulate to the southward and south-east. These red rocks, in their mine-
ral character, much resemble the new red sandstone of Cornwallis and other

1854.]

6

r>

places in Nova Scotia, and Dr. Gesner, in his Report on the Geology of Prince
Edward Island,* notices the occurrence of trap dykes at two localities on the
northern coast, a circumstance which still farther increases the resemblance.
There are, however, a few places in which beds occur which much resemble
the upper parts of the coal formation of Nova Scotia, and it is in these localities
chiefly, though I believe not exclusively, that the coniferous wood in question
occurs, along with a few other vegetable fragments, for the most part very im-
perfectly preserved. Some interest, therefore, attaches to these fragments of
fossilized wood, as a means of comparison between the oldest portions of the red
sandstone formation of Prince Edward Island, and the inferior members of the
coal formation on the opposite coasts of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, in
which coniferous wood is also of very frequent occurrence.

1. Coniferous wood from Gallas or Gallows Point , west side of Orwell Bay.
At this place, which I visited in 1842, the following beds appear in descending
order, the dip being to E. S. E. at angles of 6 to 8 : red and brownish sand-
stones, gray sandstone with bands of concretionary limestone, and containing
carbonized vegetable fragments, some of them resembling catamites, but without
joints, gray and brown shales or indurated clays; brownish sandstone, with
large trunks of trees silicified. One of these trunks measured three feet in its
greatest diameter ; they are prostrate and somewhat flattened. I have no doubt
that these rocks underlie the ordinary red sandstones of the island, and Dr. Ges-
ner, who examined them in 1847, takes the same view, affirming them to be
carboniferous, and stating that he found in them catamites and stigmaria, which,
if well characterized specimens, would go far to confirm that conclusion.

My specimens of fossil wood from this place are perfectly silicified, and of a
dark clove-brown color. They are much fissured in the direction of the medul-
lary rays, and the fissures are filled with flesh colored sulphate of barytes. Under
the microscope, transverse slices show a somewhat dense tissue of quadrangular
cells arranged in rows. Longitudinal slices in the direction of the medullary
rays, show parallel elongated cells, medullary rays not strongly marked, and
traces of hexagonal discs of the Araucarian type on the walls of the cells. Two
rows of these discs occupy the whole breadth of a cell.

2. Specimens from Des Sables and Crapaud. At these localities the only
rocks seen are the ordinary red sandstones, and the coniferous wood is found
only in loose fragments on the surface. From the large quantity scattered over
the fields, and the general scarcity of travelled boulders in this part of the island,
I have no doubt that it now lies over or near its original site. The specimens
from this place are dense and without fissures, and have a structure quite similar
to that of the wood from Gallas Point, though not in so perfect preservation.

3. A specimen from, some part of the sovth shore of Prince Edward Island , now
in the collection of the Puton Literary Society. This specimen was obtained
from a person who stated that it was a portion of a large trunk. It still retains
in its crevices remnants of the matrix of coarse reddish sandstone. It is cracked
in lines radiating from the centre, and is perforated by numerous vermicular
holes, now somewhat flattened, but which were probably the burrows either of
Teredines or xylophagous larvae. Some parts of this specimen retain their
structure in a very perfect condition. It is of precisely the same character with
that already described, and shows one or two rows of discs on each cell.

All these specimens probably belong to the same genus, and perhaps to the
same species of coniferous trees ; and they all differ materially from the conife-
rous wood of the coal formation. I have slices of the latter from various parts
of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, some of them from the new-
est beds of the coal formation. All of them are of much coarser texture than
the specimens from Prince Edward Island. The cells are wider, and usually
with three or even four rows of discs, and the medullary tissue is more strongly
marked. In the closeness of the cellular tissue, fewer rows of discs, and fine-
ness of the medullary rays, the Prince Edward Island specimens, though dis-
tinctly of the Araucarian type, approach more nearly to the modern pines of this

* 1847.

6

64 [April,

country than to those of the coal formation. They therefore afford no proof
that these lower members of the red sandstone formation of Prince Edward
Island are of carboniferous date, but would rather tend to connect them with the
overlying beds which have afforded the remains of the Bathygnathus borealis.
The occurrence, however, in this position, of rocks so nearly resembling those
of the upper coal formation, renders it probable that no very sudden or marked
physical changes intervened between the deposition of the latter and that of the
new red sandstones, and thus furnish an argument in favor of the Permian date
of this last deposit.*

Description of a species of Crane found in Wisconsin^ presumed to be new*
By William Dudley, of Madison, Wisconsin.

Grtis Hoyianus, nobis.

Form. Size large ; second primary longest, first and second nearly equal ; tail
two inches longer than the folded wings ; numerous large feathers arise from the
base of each wing, elevated and droop down over the tail, giving the bird an os-
trich-like appearance. Head densely clothed with feathers to base of bill; no
naked shin.

Dimensions. Length of wing from flexure 23 inches ; tarsi 11 5-10 inches ;
middle toe 5 inches, hind toe just reaches the ground; bill 5 inches.

Color. Head and upper half of neck light ferruginous ; on the breast, back
and upper tail coverts are a few scattering feathers tipped with the same ; pri-
maries black, remaining parts white. Legs black.

Observation. This fine large crane was killed on Sugar River, in Dane Co.,
Wisconsin, and is now in the Museum of the Wisconsin Natural History Asso-
ciation. Sex not known. It is named in honor of my worthy friend Dr. P. R.
Hoy, of Racine, Wisconsin, whose untiring industry and zeal in Natural History
have added much to science.

Description of Fossil Trees in the coal rocks near Greensburgh^ Westmoreland

county ) Pennsylvania*
By Alfred T. King, M. D.

Throughout nearly the whole of Western Pennsylvania, but more abundant in
particular localities, may be found fragments of immense silicified trees lying on
the surface of the ground. About seven miles east of Greensburgh there is a re-
markable locality. Here may be seen immense logs from six to eight feet long,
and from one to four feet in diameter, strewed over acres of ground. After the
closest examination, I have been unable to find any very clear indications of
high vegetable organization in these silicified trees. Indeed I have been unable,
after the closest scrutiny, to discover a single specimen of fossil plant in our
vast carboniferous series, of higher organization than vascular Cryptogamia. I
might, perhaps, except some specimens, which I first saw a few weeks since in
Beaver county, Pa., of Trigonocarpum? This is the fruit of a tree, which some
have supposed to be allied to the Palms ; of this, however, there is still great
doubt and uncertainty.

Many of the specimens of silicified wood contain numerous and beautiful
crystals of quartz scattered throughout their interior structure, which would seem
to indicate that the silicifying process must have taken place whilst the wood
was immersed in water of high temperature.

Whilst excavating a tunnel on the Pennsylvania Railroad near Greensburgh, a
stratum of very compact sandstone of about fifteen feet in thickness was opened',
which contained vast quantities of trunks and limbs of trees, some per-
meated with silicious and pyritous matter, whilst others have left only their
imprints, the woody matter having been converted into coal, which forms a thin

* For description of the Newer Coal Formation of Nova Scotia, see Journal of
London Geol. Soc. vol. 1. p. 322 ; and Taylor's Statistics of Coal, p. 196.

1854.] 65

but beautiful pellicle, covering the impressions of the plants. These trunks and
Jimbs are of all sizes, from an inch to nearly three feet in circumference, strewed
about, and piled upon each other in the most irregular manner, and so numerous
that scarcely a fragment of rock was thrown out which did not contain either a
vegetable impression or a silicified stem.

Although in the shale above, vast piles of detached fern leaves were found, be-
longing principally to the genus Neuropteris t accompanied with numerous im-
pressions of Calamites, yet no species of fern was discovered in the sandstone,
with the exception of two specimens, both of which belonged to distinct genera.
The one was a Pecopteris, and the other was the Cyclopteris trichomanoides ,

Among the numerous arborescent fossil plants which were found in this sand-
stone, was an entire tree of immense magnitude, lying prostrate, about four feet
above the Pittsburgh seam of coal, and about thirty feet beneath the surface.
The part which was removed measured twenty six feet in length, and two feet
ten inches in circumference at the base. From the size of the two main branches
which enter the rock on the opposite side, I infer that this tree may have been
from forty to sixty feet in height. At the base, it was much flattened by the
pressure of the superincumbent weight, but strange as it may seem, the branches
still retained nearly their original cylindrical form. It was entirely enveloped in
a coating of pure bituminous coal, varying from a quarter of an inch to one inch
in thickness. Its interior was filled with sand, mixed with sulphuret and car-
bonate of iron, which much increased its weight, but there were no indications
of vegetable structure. The thin vegetable band, which alone remained con-
verted into pure bituminous coal, may have surrounded an axis of more perishable
material, which, when the tree was removed from its original position by the
storms or the Waves, rapidly decayed. Its hollow interior would necessarily be
filled with sand, broken shale or other sediment which was brought by large
rivers into that turbulent sea, the bed of which was gradually subsiding. This
view is corroborated by the fact, that the rock in which this plant is found
imbedded, and which constituted its matrix, presents an entirely different appear-
ance in color, and in some degree in lithological character, from that which fills
the interior of the fossil tree. Although there were numerous, but irregular
longitudinal flutings, both along the main irunk and its branches, yet I could
discover no indications of those beautiful scars, so characteristic of arborescent
ferns, and of the genus Sigillaria, which indicate the spots where the petioles
of the leaves articulated with the stem ; and hence I infer that this tree should
not be referred to either of those families of plants.

The question naturally arises, to which of the three great divisions of the
vegetable kingdom do these fossil trees belong. Do they belong to arborescent
ferns, gigantic palms or lofty pines ? Are they of exogenous or endogenous
growth ?

It has been said by fossil botanists, that true exogena? and endogenae have been
found in the carboniferous rocks of Europe. I have, therefore, been much inter-
ested in discovering some clear indications of these highest forms of vegetable
structure, in the coal measures in this country ; but 1 have thus far failed, unless
the specimens to which I have already alluded, should on further examination,
prove exceptions.

I am aware that M. Brongniart has placed the Sigillariae among the exogenae,
but with all due deference to his high authority, I must say that I have been
unable to find in that family of fossil plants any evidence of pith, bark, con-
centric rings, medullary rays, or other indications of so high a structure.

Since writing the above,! have made another examination of the specimens of
fossil trees, and believe that I was at first mistaken in regard to some of them
being branches. The rock in which they were found had been blasted, and
consequently the fossil trees were much broken. The largest entire piece which
I saw was not more than four or five feet in length. These facts may have
some bearing upon their position in the vegetable scale.

66 [April,

Description of fossil fruit found in the Carboniferous BocJcs of Beaver County , Pa*
By Alfred T. Kijxg, M. D., of Greensburg, Pa.

Mr. Mendenhall, of New Brighton, showed me several specimens of fossil
fruit imbedded in solid sandstone, belonging to the carboniferous series of that
neighborhood. And through the kindness of George W. Tyler, Esq., editor of
the Boston Herald, I procured a specimen for description.

These specimens bore considerable resemblance, both in form and size, to the
fruit of the Butternut, Juglans cinerea.

There have been found in the coal strata in Leicestershire, England, a number
of species of a three cornered fruit, to which the generic name Higonocarpum
has been given. Possibly, the specimen which I am about to describe, may be
referred to that genus.

This is a drupaceous fruit, of an ovoidal shape, from two inches and a quar-
ter to three inches in length, and from one inch and three quarters to two
inches and a half in breadth, and weighs from two and a quarter to three ounces*
Its external surface is nearly covered with a thin coating of bituminous coal ; a
large portion of which, however, adheres to its matrix. This coal was formed, I
presume, by the carbonization of its pericarp. Its interior is filled with coarse
grained sand, similar to the rock in which it was imbedded. The epicarp
i formed of three nearly equal valves, joined by three prominent sutures, uniting
in a point at the apex. Between the sutures are seen a number of nearly parallel
and prominent longitudinal striae, which gracefully curve so as to meet in a point
at the distal extremity.

In all the specimens which I saw, there is a deep depression or excavation at
the base, where the fruit was attached, in all probability, to a peduncle.

This fruit is not triquetrous, as the name Trigonocarpum seems to indicate, but
strictly ovoidal, sometimes nearly obovoidal, having three prominent sutures
joining the three valves of the epicarp.

It was found in Beaver County, Pa., about three miles from the town of New
Brighton, in a thick stratum of compact, but coarse grained sandstone, near the
middle of the carboniferous series.

Should this belong to the genus Trigonocarpum^ 1 propose calling it Trigono-
carpum carbonariwm.

Descriptions of new Birds of Northern Mexico*
By D. N. Couch, U. S. Army.

1. CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS.

Female. Form. Bill short, high at base, compressed; nostrils covered with
flat, bristle-like feathers, which are about two-thirds as long as the bill. Wings
long, fourth primary longest, first short ; tail moderate, rounded. About the size
of or rather larger than the common crow of North America, (Corvus ameri-
canus.)

Color. Entirely black, with violet and purple reflexions. Feathers of the
neck before and behind, and of the back, pare white at their bases and for about
two-thirds of their length, being, in fact, white tipped with black. Bill and feet
black. Iris yellowish brown.

Total length from tip of bill to end of tail 18! ; wing 13i ; expanse of wings
33; tail 8 inches.

Locality. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico; March, 1853.

Obs. Not abundant, though occasionally seen.

2. Icterus Scottii

Male. Bill moderate, scarcely curved ; tip acute, not compressed. Legs and
toes moderate. Wings rounded ; second and third primaries longest, first shorter
than the fourth and longer than the fifth.

Color. Head, neck, breast, forehead, wings, tip of tail and upper central tail
feathers to tip of upper coverts, black. Upper primary and under wing coverts?

1854.] . 67

sides, under surface of body, under and upper tail coverts, rump, and posterior
portion of back, bright yellow ; sides under the wings greenish yellow. Tips
and bases of secondary wing coverts white, forming along the tips a defined
stripe, the white on the base being covered by the primary coverts ; exterior
edge of tips of tertiary quills white ; tips of exterior tail feathers slightly tipped
with dull white. Bill black ; base of lower mandible bluish lead. Feet very
dark slate.

Total length 8* ; tip to tip llf ; wing from carpal joint 4 ; tail 3! inches.

Locality. Western New Leon and Coahuila; April, 1853.

Obs. Plentiful, common. Song varied and highly melodious. An immature
specimen of this species has the black on the head and neck maculated with olive ;
wings, central tail feathers and tips dark ferruginous, and the yellow substituted
by a light olive, which is darkest on the rump and lightest on the abdomen,
where it is dull yellow.

I have named this handsome bird as a slight token of my high regard for
Major General Winfield Scott, Commander in Chief of the IT. S. Army.

3. SlRUTHUS ATRIMENTALIS.

Male. Small ; bill short, conic ; wing short, rounded, third and fourth prima-
ries longest and nearly equal ; tail long, graduated : legs slender.

Color. Chin, lores and narrow frontal band black. Head above and neck,
rump and entire under parts cinereous, palest and nearly white on the abdomen.
Back ferruginous, each feather with a dark central line ; quills and tail feathers
brownish black, both edged externally with white. Bill light brownish red ;
feet dark ; iris dark brown.

Total length 5i ; wings 2J ; wings from tip to tip 7! ; tail 3 inches.

Locality. Aqua Nueva, State of Coahuila; May, 1853.

The Report of the Publication Committee for 1853 was read and
adopted.

ELECTION.

John Vaughan Merrick, Esq., and John J. Vanderkemp, M. D., of
Philadelphia, were elected Members, and Prof. Daniel Kirkwood, of
Newark, Delaware, and Waldo J. Burnett, M. D., of Boston, Mass.,
were elected Correspondents.

.

1854.] 69

May 2d, 1854.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Portland (Maine) Society of Nat. History,
dated April 20th, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of an entire copy of
the Publications of the Academy, presented in accordance with a late
resolution.

Also a letter from the American Philosophical Society, dated April
27, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the last number of the Journal
and of the Proceedings.

May 9 th.
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Dr Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled " Synopsis of the Cucuiides of the United States," which was
referred to Mr. Cassin, Dr. Zantzinger, and Dr. Rand.

Dr. Le Conte exhibited a fragment of the jaw of a new Pachyderm
from the Tertiary of Virginia, 80 or 90 miles S. W. of Alexandria, and
characterised it as a new genus allied to Dicotyles.

Mr. Wm. Parker Foulke asked the attention of the Academy to a Lecture by
Mr. Hugh Miller, recently republished in the United States, under the title, " The
Two Records, the Mosaic and the Geological ;" and made some remarks upon the
importance of maintaining a careful scrutiny of the logic of the natural sciences.
The cultivators of those sciences are particularly interested at this time in pre-
venting any misapprehension of the results of their researches, as there is a
prevailing disposition to " reconcile " these by extreme processes with the
popular interpretation of certain texts of the Mosaic history. Unfinished inves-
tigations of the students of nature are used as complete evidence ; and provisional
generalizations are employed as fixed premises, from which are drawn conclusions
very inconvenient to subsequent inquirers and writers. Thus both religion and
natural science are wronged.

Mr. Miller teaches that in the attempt to reconcile the two "records," there
are only three periods to be accounted for by the geologist, viz., " the period of
plants, the period of great sea monsters and creeping things : and the period of
cattle and leasts of the field ;" that the first of these " periods " is represented by
the rocks grouped under the term palceozoic, and is distinguished from the secondary
and the tertiary, chiefly by its " gorgeous flora ;" and that " the geological evi-
dence is so complete as to be patent to all, that the first great period of organized
being was, as described in the Mosaic record, peculiarly a period of herbs and
trees yielding seed after their kind." The general reader, not familiar with the
details of geological arrangement, could not fail to infer from such a statement,
used for such a purpose, that the palaeozoic rocks are regarded by geologists as
forming one group, representative of one period which can properly be said to be
distinguished as a whole by its gorgeous flora ; and that it is properly so dis-
tinguished for the argument in question. It was familiar to the Academy as well
as to Mr. Miller, that from the carboniferous rocks downward (backward in order
of time) there have been discriminated a large number of periods differing one
from another in mineral and in organic remains; and that the proportion of the
carboniferous era to the whole series is small, whether we regard the thickness
of its deposits or its conjectural chronology. It is only of this carboniferous era,
the latest of this series, that the author's remarks could be true ; and even of this,
if taken for the entire surface of the earth, it could not be truly asserted that

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., HO. III. 7

70 [May,

" the evidence is so complete as to be patent to all ,5 that the quantity of its
vegetable products distinguishes it from the earth's surface during the era in which
we live. To confound by implication all the periods termed palaeozoic, so as to
apply to them as a whole what could be true, if at all, only of the carboniferous
period, is a fallacious use of a generalization made for a purpose and upon a
principle not properly available for the writer's argument. The high esteem in
which the character of Mr. Miller is deservedly held by readers in the United
States, where his writings are widely circulated ; and the respectful manner in
which his interesting researches have occasioned his name to be mentioned by
authors eminent in the department of geology, give to such of his writings as
bear upon the biblical question, peculiar importance with reference to the com-
munity at large.

Mr. F- urged the duty of insisting upon the maintenance of regular methods
of exposition as well as of investigation, leaving apparent inconsistencies,
which are beyond our means of explanation, to be "reconciled" by our
successors with the aid of larger accumulations of knowledge than we possess.
The progress of science has been retarded by the assumption that every discovery
must be immediately proved to be harmonious with certain other portions of our
knowledge. A due regard to the sacredness of religious faith and to the natural
sensitiveness of the popular mind will secure respectful caution; but it is most
consistent with the acknowledged imperfection of human faculties, and at the
same time most worthy of the true dignity of science, to assume that ultimately
all truths will be found to agree ; and meantime, strictly adhering to the canons
of evidence, to explore courageously the great field open to us. We ought espe-
cially to avoid generalizations which have no sound philosophical principle, or
which are framed or applied merely from a desire to appease over-zealous minds
ignorant of the facts already ascertained. This obligation is stronger in propor-
tion to the degree of confidence given to the teacher in any case, and also in
proportion to the limitation of access to other sources of information.

May lQtJim
Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Moscow, dated May 30tb ;
June 1st, and September 13th, 1853 ;

From the Kaiserlichen Akad. der Wissenschaften, dated Vienna, 10th
Nov., 1853 ;

From the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, dated 23d Nov,,
1853;

From the K. K. Geologischen Reiebenstalt, dated Vienna, 22d Nov.,
1853, severally transmitting their publications announced this evening
by the Librarian.

From the Royal Acad, of Sciences of Stockholm, dated Nov. 1, 1853 ;

From the K. K. Geologischen Reiebenstalt, dated Vienna, 21st Nov.,
T853 ;

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, May 10th 7
1854; and

From the Portland Society of Nat. History, dated Portland, Maine?
11th May, 1854, severally acknowledging the receipt of the Publications
of the Academy.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
-entitled " Notes on some new Coleopterous Insects from the Collections''

1854.]

71

of the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission." Referred to
Mr. Cassin, Dr. Ruschenberger and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Le Conte also presented a paper from Mr. Charles Grirard, on a
new species of Salmonidae from the Northeastern part of the United
States, which was referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Brinton desired to draw the attention of the Academy to a new mode which
he had recently devised and practised in the preparation of anatomical specimens,
several of which he exhibited.

Anatomical specimens, he said, had hitherto been preserved either in the wet
state, or else dried ; both plans were open to objections.

If animal tissues be immersed in alcohol, or other preservative fluids, their color
becomes blanched, their structure condensed, and consequently their size and
shape to a certain degree modified ; and at the same time they present incon-
veniences for demonstration ; whilst in the dry state, as for example, in the ordin-
ary dried preparation of our cabinets, the parts are so shrunken and changed, as
to convey but an imperfect idea of their primitive relations.

As this shrinkage of the tissues, and the decomposition are dependent most
probably upon atmospheric influence, Dr. Brinton stated that it had occurred to
him some time since, that should he be able so to exclude the air, as to prevent
all evaporation from taking place, he would perhaps succeed in preventing, not
only the desiccation of the part, but also its decomposition.

Influenced by this idea, he had commenced a series of experiments, and the suc-
cess up to this time accompanying them, had led him to draw the attention of
the Academy to the subject.

His object being to encase hermetically every portion of his specimen, Dr.
Brinton remarked that he had selected for his earlier experiments, a solution of
gun cotton in ether, the ordinary collodion. This he applied by means of a brush
over every portion of the external surface of his preparation. The ether quickly
evaporating, a thin film of the cotton was deposited upon and in all the interstices
of the tissue. This process was repeated until a layer of sufficient thickness had
been obtained; successive coatings of copal and shellac varnishes were then ap-
plied, so as to rentier to the preparation a certain degree of firmness and stiffness.

But it soon became evident to him that collodion was not entirely suited for the
generality of objects, especially for those of any considerable bulk. It possesses
too slight a degree of tenacity, and is liable to become easily chipped and
fissured.

It was necessary, therefore, to employ some other material, and a solution
of gutta-percha in benzole was selected ; this was applied in a similar
manner over the object to be preserved. The pellicle left by the evapora-
tion of the benzole was tenacious, dense, and could be increased to any de-
sired thickness. Single layers were transparent, suiting admirably for layers of
fasciae. For the encasement of the adipose tissue, collodion was still employed.

The thick coating, however, which it was considered necessary to apply upon
the muscular mass, was of course opaque ; hence, it became of importance to re-
sort to an artificial coloring process, and for this purpose, collodion stained with
the wood of the Pterocarpus santalinus, (the ordinary red saunders,) was found
to answer admirably. The color resulting imitated closely that of fresh muscle.
The preparation was then completed by the repeated application of copal and
shellac varnishes. .

Dr. Brinton explained to the Academy, that he did not present his specimens
as tried and perfected preparations, for as yet they had attained the age of but
some twenty days ; but merely as evidences of the application of a new principle
to the preparation of anatomical objects. Time was required to test its value.

Whether or not any internal decomposition could take place in consequence of
the retention of a residual amount of air, Dr. Brinton could not state; but he
doubted that such would be the case, to a degree sufficient to affect the contour
of the specimen. Should, however, such a result ensue with regard to the speci-
mens upon the table, still his experiments had shown that the process was ap-

72

[May,

plicable to any tissues which had been injected or soaked with a solution of
the chloride of zinc, or any other antiseptic. Here decomposition would be
impossible, and the gutta-percha was certainly sufficient to prevent the shrinking
consequent on evaporation.

Dr. Brinton then stated that he was still experimenting, and had succeeded in
procuring a colorless solution of gutta-percha in benzole and in chloroform,
which would supersede the use of the collodion for the adipose matter. These
transparent solutions would doubtless be applicable to the preparation of dissec-
tions of the nervous system, and to pathological structures. He stated also that
he thought possibly an extension of this principle might hereafter be made sub-
servient to the preservation of any fresh animal tissue. Further results would
be submitted to the Academy.

May 23c?.

Vice-President Bridges in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. Wm. Wirtenweber, dated Prague, 30th Oct., 1853, trans-
mitting several of his works, acknowledged this evening.

From Dr. W. D. Hartmann, dated West Chester, Pennsylvania, May
16, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election as a Corres-
pondent.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper by Mr. C. Girard, and intended for pub-
lication, entitled " A list of North American Bufonides, with diagnoses
of new species." Referred to Dr. Hallowell, Dr. Leidy,and Mr. Hanson.

Dr. Leidy called the attention of the members to specimens of four vertebras
of a huge extinct saurian, from near Greenville, Clark Co., Arkansas. They had
been kindly loaned by Mr. W. F. Roberts, an agent of the Arkansas Mining
Company, who had discovered them with numerous others. Dr. L. stated,
that in his late visit to St. Louis, Mr. Albert Koch, the industrious collector of
fossil remains, had exhibited to him a collection of bones from the same State,
and apparently of the same animal, which he was on the eve of sending to Berlin.
The specimens on the table are remarkable for the robust transverse processes,
which project laterally from the lower part of the body, and terminate in a large
facet for the articulation of a rib. The bodies are cylindroid, and are terminated
by slightly concave or nearly flat articular surfaces. The sides of the body are
moderately concave, and have an acute margin at the articular surfaces. On
each side of a median prominence pf the under side of the body a large vascular
foramen exists.

These vertebrae resemble those of the Cirnoliasaurus mag?ius, from the green
sand of New Jersey, described previously in the Proceedings of the Academy,*
but in that the large transverse process is cylindrical, while it is compressed
cylindroid in the Arkansas saurian, and probably this latter belongs to a distinct
genus, for which the name Brimosaitrus grandis is proposed. The bones are
embedded in a hard limestone with mollusca, and they probably belong to the
cretaceous or to the eocene period. One of the most perfect of the vertebroe
presents the following measurements :

Length of the body , 3| inches.

Depth of articular surfaces 5 "

Breadth of " 6

Length of the spinal arch ... 3

References of Plate II.

Figs. 1 3, Brimosaurus grandis.
: 6, Cirnoliasaurus magnus.

(S

((

Vol. v. p. 325.

1854.] 73

May oO th.
Vice President Bridges in the chair.

The Committees on Dr. Le Conte's papers, read 9th and 16th inst.,
on Mr. Charles Girard's papers, read 16th and 23d inst., severally re-
ported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings.

Synopsis of the Cuc?tiides of the United States.
By Johk L. Le Conte, M. D.

Catagenus Westwood.

1. C. rufus Westw. Zool. Journ. 5, 221. Cueujus rufus Fabr. Ent. Syst.
emend, suppl. 123 ; Syst. El. 2, 93. Oliv. 74 bis, tab. 1, fig. 3.

Middle, Southern and Western States. This species varies in size from -18 to
55 of an inch. The posterior angles of the thorax are usually prominent, on
account of the sinuosity of the sides near the base ; sometimes this sinuosity is
very faint, then the posterior angles, although rectangular, are not prominent.
Newman's C. punctic-ollis (Ann. Nat. Hist. 2, 398) is described as having
but 6 striae on each elytron, (the 5th and 6th stria? are said to be indistinct.) Now,
in some specimens, which cannot be separated from C. rufus, the fifth and sixth
striae are not well marked, but in all that I have seen the seventh stria is quite
obvious. As the elytra are declivous at the sides beyond the seventh stria, I
think it probable that this seventh stria is constant in the gpnus, in which case
there is no reason why Newman's species should not be united with C. rufus.

Cuctjius Fabr.

1. C. clavipes Fabr. Gen. Ins. Mantiss. 233, (1790) ; Ent. Syst. emend. 1 ,
2, 94. Olivier, Enc. Meth. 6, 242, (1791); Ins. 74 bis, tab. 1, fig. 1.

Middle and Western States, not rare ; found principally under the bark of
Liriodendron, but not confined to that tree. This species is omitted in Fabri-
cius' Systema Eleutheratorum.

2. C. puniceus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 303. Er. Ins. Deutschl. 309.
Sitka ; I have not seen this species. By an oversight, Mr. White, in the British

Museum Catalogue, quotes Motschulsky for the name.

By another oversight in the same Catalogue, C. sanguinolentus and haema-
todes, European species, are mentioned as found in North America, while our
common species, C. clavipes, is said to inhabit South America. Reference to
these errors is perhaps needless, as attention has already been called to them by
Schaum, (Bericht, &c. 1851, p. 55 t ) but they are merely mentioned in this place
for the information of those to whom Schaum's Report is not accessible.

Pediacus Shuckard.

1. P. planu s, depressus, fuscus, opacus, dense punctat.us tenuiter pubescens,
fronte bifoveata, thorace latitudine vix breviore, antrorsum paulo an^ustato,
lateribus subrepandis pone medium oblique emarginatis, angulis posticis pro-
minulis, elytris punctulatis lateribus declivibus, stria suturali profunda. Long.
-12 14.

Silvanus planus Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 223.

Lake Superior, rare. The fourth, sixth and eighth joints of the antennae are a
little smaller than the third, fifth and seventh ; the last three joints are twice as
wide as the eighth. The anterior angles of the thorax are rounded. One speci-
men is paler colored and almost rufous.

2. P. subglaber, depressus, testaceus, nitidus, vix subtilissime pubescens.
capite thoraceque punctatis, fronte excavata, thorace latitudine paulo breviore,
lateribus subquadridentatis (denticulo postico ante basin posito) disco^late bi-
impresso, elytris obsoletius punctatis lateribus elevatis, margine sulcato, stria
suturali distincta. Long. *14.

One specimen, North Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The antennae are a little

74 [May,

shorter than in P. planus, and the inequality of the joints from the fourth to the
eighth is not as obvious. In some lights the elytra have the appearance of being
faintly striate. The impressions of the thorax consist of two longitudinal ones
concave outwards, which are connected near the base and apex by transverse
impressions.

3. P. subcarinatus Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 363. Russian America;
(unknown to me.)

LiEMOPHLCEUS Er.

A. Frons antice trisinuata.

1. L. biguttatus, latiusculus depressus, supra piceus, parum nitidus sub-
tiliter pubescens, capite thoraceque confertim punctatis, elytris confertim punc-
tatis striis utrinque 4 profundis, suturali antice minus distincta, macula utrinque
ante medium testacea ornatis ; thorace utrinque linea profunda insculpto, late-
ribus late rotundatis subrepandis. Long. 1 15.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 223. (1850.)

White, Brit. Mus. Cat. (1851) p. 5.

Cucuius biguttatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 267.^

Lcemophl&us bisignatus Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 205.

A common species found in the Middle and Southern States, and as far west
as Nebraska. The under surface is frequently rufous, but is sometimes as dark
as the upper surface. As this species is more densely punctured than the next,
and agrees in this respect with the European L. moni 1 i s (Cue. bipzistulatus
Panz.) with which Say compares it, I have concluded that this is really Say's
species ; the typical specimens in the Melsheimer collection render this view
certain.

The head of the male is as wide as the thorax, and. the antennae two-thirds as
long as the body.

2. L. f a s c i a t u s, latiusculus depressus, rufus nitidus glaber, capite thorace-
que modlce punctatis, hoc lateribus rotundato vix repando, utrinque linea pro-
funda insculpto, elytris nigris, striis utrinque 4 profundis, suturali antice indis-
tincta, interstitiis parce subseriatim punctulatis, macula utrinque ante medium
testacea ornatis. Long. 1 *18.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 113.

Middle and Southern States to Texas ; the head of the male is very large.

3. L.adustus, laete rufus, paulo convexus, latiusculus, nitidus glaber, capite
thoraceque punctatis, illo canaliculato, hoc lateribus rotundatis postice sinuatis,
angulis posticis prominulis, linea tenui utrinque insculpto, elytris nigris, basi
triangulariter laete rufis, tenuiter multistriatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis vix
parce punctulatis, apice rufescente. Long. -I.

A unique male specimen of this beautiful species, found in York Co., Pennsyl-
vania, was kindly given me by Dr. Melsheimer under the name here adopted.
Body above and beneath bright rufous, shining, glabrous. Head as wide as the
thorax, slightly convex, finely, moderately densely punctured ; vertex finely
channelled ; before the eyes is a line transverse arched line ; the outline of the
front is concave each side and emariiinate in the middle, which is not so much
produced as in the two preceding; the labrum is short; mandibles long and
slender, emarginate at tip. Antennas moderately stout, nearly as long as the
body. Thorax twice as wide as long, considerably narrowed at the base, sides
strongly rounded, sinuate near the posterior angles, which are sharp and promi-
nent ; disc moderately convex, finely punctured, with the lateral line not strongly
impressed. Elytra not wider than the thorax, moderately convex, with 7 or 8
very fine striae, on which are placed moderately large punctures; the interstitial
spaces are marked with a few very fine punctures, which on the sutural space
form a somewhat regular series ; their color is black, with a large, common, tri-
angular, rufous spot at the base, which along the suture extends one-third the
.length; the apical margin is slightly reddish. The scutellum is transverse,
without any distinct apical angle.

1854.] 75

B. Frons medio producta, vel late emarginata vel truncata ; scutellum trian-
gulare.

4. L. b u 1 1 a t u s, elongatus, depressus testaceus, nitidus glaber, thorace lati-
tudine non breviore, lateribus rectis, postice subangustato, parce punctato, liner,
utrinque profunda exarato, dorso bulla magna laevi paulo convexa impressione
minus profunda definita ornato, elytris obsolete striato-punctulatis. Long. 07.

One female found at the junction of the Colorado and Gila Rivers, California.
The large, slightly elevated, dorsal convexity of the thorax will readily distin-
guish this species. The head seems to be nearly smooth, and the anterior trans-
verse line is distinct ; the antennas are a little more than half as long as the body,
and their joints are rounded.

5. L. n i t e n s, elongatus, depressus, testaceus, nitidus, glaber, thorace quad-
rato, lateribus fere rectis, obsoletissime parce punctulato, linea utrinque pro-
funda exarato, elytris subtilissime seriatim punctulatis, stria suturali postice
tenuiter impressa. Long. *0S *09.

Abundant at the Colorado River, California. The head is finely and sparsely
punctulate, the vertex is slightly channelled, and the anterior transverse line is
deep ; in the male the head is as wide as the thorax, and the antennae are as
long as the body, with the first joint equal to the two following united.

6. L. Z i in m e r m a n n i, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus glaber, capite
thoraceque parce punctulatis, hoc latitudine fere longiore, lateribus rectis, angulis
anticis prominulis, linea utrinque profunda exarato, elytris subtiliter striato-
punctulatis, sulco laterali valde profundo. Long. -07 *09.

Pennsylvania and Maryland, Mr. Zimmermann ; Illinois, Mr. Willcox. This
very small species is readily distinguished from the next by the finer punctua-
tion and the absence of the outer marginal line of the thorax.

7. L. punctatus, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus, glaber, capite
thoraceque sat dense punctatis, hoc latitudine paulo breviore, postice subangus-
tato lateribus fere rectis, lineis utrinque lateralibus duabus, elytris tenuiter 4
striatis et seriatim punctulatis, sulco laterali profundo. Long. *07.

S. Carolina, Mr. Zimmermann. The small punctures of the elytra appear to be
near the striae, but not upon them, and form two series between the striae. The
antennae of the male are as long as the body, and the first joint is as long as the
head, or about equal to the three following united. The outer marginal line of
the thorax is not distinct.

9. L. g e m i n a t u s, elongatus, depressus, rufo-testaceus, nitidus, glaber,
capite thoraceque densius punctatis, hoc latitudine non longiore, lateribus rectis,
postice non angustato, utrinque bistriato, elytris tenuiter striatis, striis punctu-
latis, sulco marginali profundo. Long. -C/6.

Louisiana and Georgia, Dr. Schaum. The outer stria of the thorax is distinct,
but does not reach the base. The antennae of the female are two thirds as long,
those of the male almost as long as the body ; the first joint is equal to the two
following united in the female, and is a little longer in the male. This species
is very closely related to the last, but seems, by the difference in the form of the
thorax and by the differences in the antennae and elytra, to be properly sepa-
rated.

10. L. mod est us, elongatus, depressus, testaceus nitidus, glaber, capite
thoraceque parcius punctatis, hoc quadrato, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice
subangustato, linea laterali profunda utrinque notato, elytris striis minus impres-
sis distincte punctatis. Long. -08.

CucKJus modesties Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 268.

Lcemophlceus suigularis White, Brit. Mus. Cat. 7, (1851.)

Georgia and South Carolina. The antennae of the male are a little longer
than the body, and the elytra are shorter than in the female. The first joint of
the antennae in both sexes is as long as the two following united.

11. L. puberulus, elongatus, depressus, testaceus, nitidus sat dense sub-
tiliter pubescens, thorace quadrato, latitudine subbreviore lateribus fere rectis,

76 [Mat,

postice subangustato, subtiliter punctulato, linea utrinque laterali distincta, disco
late impressa, elytris tenuiter striatis, vix punctulatis. Long. 05 07.

Colorado River, California, abundant. The head is very finely punctulate,
and is distinctly channelled posteriorly; the discoidal impression of the thorax
is very faint, but it causes the anterior margin, in particular lights, to appear
slightly elevated. The male only differs from the female by the broader head
and longer and thinner antennae ; in both sexes, the first joint of the latter, al-
though thicker, is but little longer than the second.

C. Frons vix producta, medio emarginata ; labrum breve, transversum.

12. L. c e p h a 1 o t e s, elongatus depressus, niger nitidus glaber, capite thorace
maiore quadrato, sat punctato, mandibulis (maris) elongatis, thorace quadrato,
postice subangustato, subtiliter parce punctulato, lateribus recti's, linea laterali
tenui, elytris obsolete striato-punctulatis, testaceis, basi apice margine sutura-
que nigris. Long. *10.

A very singular species, of which I found but a single male at the Colorado
River, in California. The head is quadrate, with parallel sides, and without im-
pressions ; the usual marginal line is distinct. The mandibles project beyond
the labrum, and are about half as long as the head, the tip is emarginate. The
labrum is broad and slighrly emarginate ; the antennae are more than half as long
as the body ; the first joint is not much larger than the second, but the last three
joints are distinctly larger than the preceding and subtriangular. The scuiel is
triangular. The under surface of the body is black, with the antennae and feet
piceous.

Species unknown to me.

13. L. longicornis Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1843, 303. Russian America.

Dendrophagus Schonh.

1. D. gla b e r Lee. Agassiz' Lake Sup. 223. Lake Superior and Lake Huron,
rare. From the punctures of the elytra proceed small hairs, which, however,
are invisible, except with a very powerful lens.

2. D. C y g n ae i Mann. Bull. Mosc. 1846, 15. Sitka ; (unknown to me.)

Brontes Fabr.

1. B. dubius Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 97. Cueuius dubius Fabr. Ent. Syst.
emend. 2, 95. Oliv. Enc. Meth. 6, 242. Abundant in every part of the United
States east of the Rocky Mountains. The mandibles of the male are armed with
a very slender curved horn, which converges upwards to meet the one of the
opposite side. The upper surface of the body is sometimes entirely black ; some-
times the head, thorax and margin of the elytra are brown.

2. B. debilis, ater, depressus opacus, dense punctatus, thorace latitudine vix
breviore, lateribus denticulatis, angulis anticis paulo productis, elytris subtilius
punctato-substriatis, lateribus magis declivibus, antennis piceis, pedibus testa-
ceis. Long. .17 .2.

Georgia, not rare. Differs from the preceding by the thorax being not dis-
tinctly transverse, less strongly toothed at the sides, with the anterior angles
acute, but very slightly produced ; by the stria of the elytra being less punc-
tured, and by the sides being almost perpendicular. The sexual characters are
as in the preceding.

3. B. truncatus Motschulsky, Bull. Mosc. 1845, 1, 92. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1852, 364.

California (San Jose,) and Russian America (according to Motschulsky.) This
species has the thorax formed almost as in the preceding, the anterior angles being
a little more produced ; the elytra are, however, deeply striate, with the inter-
stices more rough with elevated punctures; they are also more strongly carinate
towards the side. The sexual characters as in the preceding species, but in ad-
dition, the elytra of the male are longer, and obliquely slightly sinuated at the
apex.

1854.] 77

Telephanus Er.

1. T. v el ox. Heterodromia velox Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 127. Psam-
machus (velox) Hald. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 348. Telephanus atricapillits\ Er.
Ins. Deutschl. 329.

Middle, Southern and Western States, under stones and pieces of wood. This
species is named in Dr. Harris' collection, ie Orsodacna? pallida Say," which
name is quoted by Schaum (Bericht, &c, 1851) as having priority, but I have
not been able to find any description of the insect among Say's publications.

Silvanus Latr.

A. Thorax lateribus sexdentatis.

1. S. dentatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5,265. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
1852, 303. Lyctus dentatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. 1, 2. 503; Syst. El. 2, 561.

Found, but not abundantly, throughout the United States, usually in rice,
sugar and other articles of commerce. According to Fabricius, it is found in
South America, and according to Mannerheim in Russian America.

2. S. surinamensis Steph. 111. Brit. Ent. Mandibulata, 3, 1 14.

For the synonyms of this common insect, see Erichson's Ins. Deutschl. 336.
It is now diffused over the whole globe in articles of commerce. Erichson adopts,
from Fabricius, the specific name frumentarius for it, but the oldest des-
cription is certainly that of Linnaeus. Of the descriptions by the older authors,
the chronological succession is as follows :

Dermestes surinamensis Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. 12mo reform. 1767) 2, 565.

Tenebrio surinamensis De Geer Mem Ins. (1775) 5, 54, tab. 13, fig. 12.

Colydium frumentarium Fabr. Ent. Syst. 62, (1775) id. emend. 1, 2, 496.

Dermestes sexdentatus Fabr. Ent. Syst. emend. (1792) 1, 232.

B. Thorax lateribus haud dentatus.

a. Caput pone oculos denticulo armatum.

3. S. b identa t u s, linearis, depressus, opacus ferrugineus. subpubescens,
thorace confertim punctulato, elongato, postice angustato, angulis anticis spino-
sis, lateribus crenulatis, dorso obsolete bisulcato. elytris punctato-striatis ; capite
pone oculos denticulato. Long. -12.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 338.
Dermestes bidentatus Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 317.
Colydium sulcatum Fabr. Syst. El. 2, 555, (teste Erichson.)
A European species, which occurs in the Middle and Southern States. The
sides of the thorax are very slightly sinuous.

4. S. pi ana tus, linearis valde depressus, opacus, ferrugineus, subpubescens,
thorace confertim punctato, elongato, pone medium sinuatim angustato, angulis
anticis subspinosis, lateribus obsolete crenulatis, elytris confertim punctato-
striatis ; capite pone oculos denticulato. Long. *12.

Germar, Ins. Nov. 466.

Silvanus Zimmermanni Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 198.

Southern States and Nebraska. The outline of the thorax is slightly concave
before the middle, with the sides nearly parallel ; behind the middle ihey con-
verge, so that at the middle they form, a very obsolete angle ; the anterior angles
are hardly prominent, and the posterior ones are obtuse, but not rounded.

5. S. cognatus, linearis valde depressus, subnitidus ferrugineus, subpubes-
cens, thorace confertim punctato, obsoletius in disco, elongato, ab apice sensim
angustato, lateribus crenulatis fere rectis, angulis anticis acutis parum productis,
elytris punctato-striatis ; capite pone oculos denticulato. Long. -10.

Southern States ; closely resembles the preceding, but the sides of the thorax
are straight, and the anterior angles, though short, are more acute ; the posterior
angles are obtuse.

b. Caput pone oculos haud denticulatum.

6. S, i m b e 1 1 i s, linearis, depressus, fere opacus, ferrugineus subpubesceus^

78 [May,

thorace confertim subtilius punctato, linea dorsali obsoleta laevi, elongato, ab
apice angustato, lateribus parum rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis, non productis,
elytris confertim punctato-striatis. Long. 11.

Georgia. This species has the elongate form and brown color of those of the
preceding division, but is easily distinguished by the absence of the little tooth
behind the eye. The posterior angles of the thorax are obtuse.

7. S. n iti d u lus, linearis, valde depressus, testaceus, nitidus subpubescens,
thorace parcius subtiliter punctulato, latitudine longiore, pone medium angus-
tato, angulis anticis acutis, haud productis, elytris subtilius seriatim punctatis.
Long. '08.

Colorado River, California, under poplar bark. The sides of the thorax are
almost parallel anteriorly, and subangulated at the middle ; the anterior angles
are scarcely prominent, and the posterior ones are obtuse. The disc is marked
with two faint longitudinal impressions connected at the base. The elytra are
not wider than the head, and the rows of punctures become obsolete towards
the tip. The head is as broad as the thorax, flattened and finely but not densely
punctulate.

8. S. o p a c u 1 u s, linearis, depressus, rufo-testaceus, opacus, pubescens, tho-
race latitudine non longiore, quadrato, angulis omnibus prominulis, lateribus
crenulatis fere rectis, confertissime punctato, dorso obsolete bisulcato, elytris
subtiliter dense punctato-striatis. Long. *07.

Colorado River, California, under bark. From the next species it differs by
its more elongate and depressed body, and the coarser punctuation of the head
and thorax.

9. S. rectus, elongatus, subdepressus, testaceus, opacus, subpubescens,
thorace latitudine subbreviore, quadrato, angulis omnibus rectis, lateribus rectis
subcrenatis, confertim punctulato, elytris punctato-striatis. Long. *07.

One specimen from Illinois, Mr. Willcox. The punctures of the head and
thorax are very fine ; the strias of the elytra are more distant than in any of the
preceding species. The specimen is not in very good condition, but I think that
there can be no doubt of the propriety of referring it to this genus.

10. S. quad rico His, linearis, subdepressus, rufo-testaceus, nitidulus, sub-
pubescens, thorace sat dense punctulato, linea dorsali sublaevi, latitudine sublon-
giore, lateribus parallelis subsinuatis, angulis anticis rectis, posticis subobtusis,
basi rotundata, elytris thorace non latioribus punctulatis, punctisque vix maiori
bus seriatis impressis. Long. -ll.

Guerin, Icon. Regne An. 198.

Georgia. My specimens are not in good condition, but present all the cha-
racters of this genus, except that in the only antenna now remaining the 10th
and llth joints appear closely united.

11. S. advena, elongatus, rufo-testaceus, subnitidus pubescens, thorace
punctulato, transversim quadrato, lateribus paulo rotundatis, angulis anticis dila-
tatis, posticis rectis, basi sinuata, elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis ; antennarum
articulo 9no sequente minore. Long. -06 '07.

Erichson, Ins. Deutsch. 339. Redtenbacher, Kafer Oesterr, 778.

Crtjptophagus advena Waltl, Silberm. Rev. Ent. 2, 256.
' Latridius mil s ceo rum Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 270.

Abundant throughout the United States, in articles of commerce, herbaria,
&c. This species, although placed by several entomologists in the present genus,
has so much the form of Paramecosoma, that any person would be tempted to
refer it to that genus. The first joint of the abdomen is not longer than the
second, and therefore, according to Erichson's definition, it would be excluded
from the family of Cryptophagides.

In this essay must be included the description of a remarkable insect, of which
my unique specimen is in such a bad condition, that I am unable to determine
whether it should be referred to any described genus, or even to indicate its po-
sition in the group ; from its specific characters, I suspect a relation with Pedi-

1854.] 79

acus, but the size of the eyes and the form of the thorax are very different. I
retain for it the name which appears in Dejean's Catalogue.

Nemicelus marginipennis, linearis, valde elongatus et depressus, pallide
testaceus nitidus, capite cum oculis ma<rnis thorace latiore, hoc latitudine fere
duplo loniiiore, lateribus antice rotundatis, postice subsinuatis, pone medium an-
gustato, disco punctulato, fovea utrinque prope basin profunda impresso, elytris
punctulatis vix striatis, margine laterali nigricante, apice truncatis. Long. *20.

Georgia. The antennae are longer than the head and thorax, with turbinate
joints, gradually increasing in size ; the first joint is thickened, and is longer
than the two following united. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is larger
than the penultimate and apparently acute at tip. The angles of the thorax are
all rounded ; the posterior foveae are oblong, slightly oblique, and about as far
from the sides as from the base.

Notice of some Coleopterous Insects, from the Collections of the Mexican Boun-
dary Commission.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

This paper includes descriptions of some new species contained in collections
received from the Boundary Commission immediately before the completion of
the survey, and with the collections previously made by the active and enter-
prising naturalists attached to the expedition, will enable a moderately full
Coleopterous Fauna of the lower Rio Grande to be prepared.

Of the species noted below, some were collected between Laredo and Ring-
cold barracks, by Messrs. Schott and Weise, under the command of Major Emory.
Those from Frontera, Rio Grande, were collected by Mr. J. D. Clark, under Major
Graham : a few others were obtained by Mr. Clark at San Antonio, in Texas.
Some very interesting species from Fort Union, New Mexico, collected by Major
Sibley, are also added, although not belonging properly to the Boundary fauna:
and one from Dr. Cooper's collection in Oregon, which was omitted in my de-
scription of his species.

Cicindela punc tul ata and albohir ta. Frontera; Mr. Clark.

Cicindela 16-punctata Klug. Jahrb. 32. Frontera; Mr. Clark. This
species resembles very closely C. Hentzii, nor does there appear in Klug's de-
scription any character which would separate it from that species. The law of
representative forms is abundantly exemplified in the species of this genus, and
much careful investigation will be necessary to determine what are well defined
limits of the species.

C. bland a? A species closely resembling this was also found by Mr. Clark
at Frontera.

Pasimachus costifer, niger, nitidus; thoracis elytrisque marginibus cyanes-
centibus, illo postice angustato, lateribus postice sinuatis angulis posticis rectis,
his modice convexis, laevibus, carina humerali postice obsolete continuata, cos-
taque submarginali acuta utrinque paulo abbreviata ornatis : antennarum arti-
culis 2 et 3 compressis. Long 1-05 1-2.

Dr. Weise, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. This species has the same form
as P. depressus and pnnctulatus, but the sharply elevated costa between the
margin and the obsoletely prolonged humeral carina will readily distinguish it,
The mandibles are slightly rugous.

Harpalus i m p i ge r, niger, nitidus, elongatus, thorace latitudine paulo bre-
viore, paulo convexo, postice angustato, lateribus rotundatis, angustemarginatis,
basi subemarginata punctulata, utrinque subimpressa, angulis posticis obtusis
non rotundatis, elytris thorace vix latioribus, profunde striatis, unipunctatis, apice
sinuatis, antennis palpis pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. '52 G5.

Santa Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler : Frontera, Mr. Clark. This species is
comparatively almost as elongated as H. erraticus, but the thorax is more

80 [May,

narrowed posteriorly, the lateral margin is narrower, and the elytra of the female
are not toothed near the apex : the posterior angles of the thorax are slightly
prominent, and almost rectangular.

Phileurus cribrosus, ater, nitidus, convexus, clypeo marginato apice acute
elevato, ante oculos transversim carinato, thorace transverso, parcius punctato,
pone medium canalieulato, elytris punctis grossis seriatim positis. Long. -52.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks; Mr. Weise. This curious little species seems
to have most affinity with those of Burmeisters division {& (2)) ;* the anterior
tibia? have three large external teeth, the mandibles are without any prominent
external tooth, and the elytra without any short series of punctures near the
scutellum. It differs, however, from all those described by Burmeister in hav-
ing in place of the two usual frontal tubercles a transverse ridge, scarcely emar-
ginate at the middle. The prosternal prominence is small, acute and densely
pilose.

At Vallecitas, in California, I found the elytra and thorax of a species which
seems on comparison very similar to the specimen found by Mr. Weise, but be-
longs to a section of the genus having a short stria at the base of the elytra, be-
tween the first and second stria: the punctures of the elytra are more closely
set, so as to form striae ; the thorax is more densely punctured anteriorly, and
almost smooth posteriorly : the dorsal channel extends almost to the apex, but is
not deep, and finally the anterior tibiae above the three long teeth have an indis-
tinct prominence representing a fourth tooth. The length was about '65 of an
inch. The species may be called P. i 1 1 a t u s.

Athyreus ser r a tu s, ferrugineus, nitidus, clypeo antice truncato elevato,
vertice transversim elevato, thorace lateribus rotundatis serrulatis, antice valde
declivi, et medio late impresso, carinis utrinque duabus obliquis munito, apice
valde marginato, elytris tenuiter striato-punctatis, antennis flavis. Long. -54.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. The head is finely scabrous ;
the clypeus is truncate and perpendicular at the apex, which forms a subtrian-
gular facet; each side above the eye commences an elevated line, which runs for-
ward to the angle of the lateral emargination of the clypeus, then in a curve
runs to the apex, where it unites with the elevated edge of the triangular facet
above mentioned : the vertical horn is very short and transverse. The thorax
is sparsely punctulate, with a few large punctures along the middle, and in the
concavities: each side at the middle is a broad transverse sulcus, limited ante-
riorly by an elevated line ; anterior to this the disc is very declivous, with the
anterior margin strongly elevated; at the middle of this declivous face is a shal-
low impression, and again each side a deeper excavation, between which and
the first mentioned elevated line is a strong somewhat oblique elevated ridge :
the sides are regularly rounded and serrate, the anterior angles are acute. The
striae of the elytra are fine and moderately punctured ; the interstices are very
sparsely punctulate. The under surface and the legs are furnished with long
yellow hairs.

Although this is the first authentic appearance of the genus Athyreus in our
fauna, I find on comparison that Bolbocerus fossatus Hald. (Proc. Acad. 6,
362,) and Scarabaeus ferrugineus Beauv. (Ins. 90, tab. 2b, fig. 3,) also be-
long here; the middle coxa? in both of those species are separated, and the meso-
sternum is somewhat elevated, acutely margined at the sides and declivous ante-
riorly. In his beautiful monograph of Athyreus, Klug suggests that the species
of Beauvois just mentioned belongs to this genus, although in the absence of
specimens for examination, this opinion could not be confirmed.

Anomala luteipennis, ovata nigra virescens, nitida, supra glabra, thorace
lateribus rotundato, sat dense punctato, capite densius rugoso, postice punctato,
elytris luteis, striis punctatis sutura epipleurisque anguste nigricantibus, pygidio
parcius sat grosse punctato antennis testaceis. Long. -47 52.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Sehott. One specimen has a small black

*Lamellicornia, 3, 151.

1854.] 81

spot on each elytron on the first smooth interstice about the middle : the meso-
sternum is not prominent : the club of the antennae in all the specimens is as
long as the remaining portion. A nearly allied species from Wisconsin, given
me by Mr. Guex, may be thus described.

A. marginella, ovata nigra virescens, nitida supra glabra, capite densius
rugoso, postice punctato, thorace lateribus subansjulato, punctato, elytris pallide
testaceis, striis punctatis, sutura, margine, lineola humerali, guttaque utrinque
dorsali ad medium nigris, pygidio confertim subtiliter rugoso, opaco, antennis
testaceis, (lamella % longiore). Long. -4 -45.

Helichus ae qua lis, fuscus aequaliter pubescens, subtiliter punctatus,
thorace latitudine longiore, lateribus vix rotundatis, fere parallelis : elytris vix
obsolete striatis. Long. *18.

One specimen, Frontera (Rio Grande), Mr. Clark. This species differs from
H. lithophilus, by the thorax being longer, and scarcely narrowed anteriorly,
and by the fine punctures of thorax and elytra being very distinct: the striae of the
latter can hardly be traced. Its characters approach most closely to H. Gilensis
Lee. (Pro. Acad. 6, 43), a species of a broader form, and with very distinct lines
of punctures upon the elytra.

Cymatodera b al t e at a, testacea, parce pilosa, capite thoraceque dense punc-
tatis fusco-piceis, hoc latitudine fere duplo longiore, subcylindrico, postice sub-
angustato antice transversim impresso, lateribus subsinuatis, elytris punctis
quadratis magnis seriatis postice minoribus, interstitiis parce punctatis ; gutta
utrinque ad quadrantem, fascia lata pone medium, alteraque angustissima sub-
apicali nigro-piceis, antennis capite thoraceque vix longioribus fusco-testaceis.
Long. 41.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. The general form
and appearance is that of C undulata, but the thorax is not constricted poste-
riorly and is less sinuate on the sides, and the punctures of the elytra are much
larger.

Cymatodera c a nc el 1 at a, fusco-picea, parce pubescens, capite thoraceque
dense punctulatis, hoc latitudine sesqui longiore, pone medium subito fere duplo
angustiore, ante medium transversim impresso, lateribus antice parallelis, postice
sinuatis, elytris punctis magnis quadratis seriatis postice vix minoribus, inter-
stitiis angustis parce punctulatis, antennis capite thoraceque paulo longioribus,
extrorsum paulo incrassatis, articulis turbinatis, ultimo longiore cylindrico.
Long. *38.

One specimen found with the preceding. Remarkable for the strange form of
the antennas, and for the sudden narrowing of the thorax behind the middle :
there is however, no posterior transverse impression, except the constriction in
the sides : the middle of the base is slightly elevated and marked with an oblong
fovea. It is closely related to C. brunnea Mels., but is smaller, with the thorax
much more narrowed behind.

Elaphidion t a e n i a t u m, fuseo-piceum, tenuiter fusco-pubescens, thorace
latitudine vix breviore, lateribus rotundato, dense punctato, callis dorsalibus
minus distinctis, punctoque laterali albo notato, elytris thorace paulo latioribus,
antice grossius punctatis macula parva basali, alteraque transversa irregulari ad
medium albo-pubescentibus, apice truncato, breviter bispinoso : antennis (?)
corpore brevioribus, articulis 3 6 apice breviter unispinosis. Long. -95.

One specimen, Mr. Schott. In form resembles E. atomarium, but is not quite
so robust: the thorax is scabrous with large punctures, the dorsal callosities are,
as usual, three in number, one medial elongated, the others each side in front of
the middle. The head around and between the eyes is densely pubescent with
whitish hair : the elytra are moderately shining, the punctures are not very
dense and become very small towards the apex. The thighs are not armed.

Elaphidion t e n u e, nigro-piceum, valde elongatum, lineare, aequaliter longius
cinereo pilosum, thorace subcylindrico, latitudine fere sesqui longiore, lateribus
parum rotundato, sat dense punctato, callo elongato dorsali notato, elytris punc-

82 [May,

tatis, punctis postice subtilioribus, apice emarginatis at vix armatis, antennarum
articulo 3io spina longissima armato. Long. *56 .65.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. Remarkable for its very slender
form, in which it almost equals E. unicolor, (Stenoc. unicolor Randall) : the
fourth joint of the antennas is armed with a very minute spine : the following
joints are unarmed, as are the femora: the spine of the third joint extends two-
thirds the length of the fourth joint. The elytra are truncate at tip, but the
truncate part is slightly emarginate, in such manner that the angles become a
little prominent. The antennae of the male are longer, those of the female
shorter than the body.

Oncideres pustulatus, niger, pube brevi fusca dense vestitus, thorace bre-
vissimo, spina laterali acuta armato, lineaque transversa subundulata denudata
ornato, elytris guttis sparsis denudatis nitidis, versus humerostuberculiformibus
ornatis. Long. '15.

Laredo, Mr. Schott. The anterior spots of the elytra are elevated, those be-
hind the middle are flat.

Aedilis spectabilis, niger, subtiliter dense cinereo-fuscoque pubescens,
thorace fusco maculis albis confluentibus utrinque ornatis, elytris basi fasciisque
tribus undulatis obliquis fuscis (intermedia latiore), pedibus fusco annulatis,
antennis longissimis cinereis, articulis 1 5 apice fuscis, 5to fasciculo apicali
interno recurvato ornato. Long. *91.

Fort Union, Major Sibley. The first five joints of the antennae are densely
clothed beneath with fine short erect hair : the apex of the fourth joint is hardly
thickened, but at the apex of the fifth joint is an internal brush of long yellowish
hairs, w T hich are recurved, so as to form a hooked prominence. The form of the
thorax in this species is quite different from A. nodosus, and is more similar to
Monohammus, the spine being perpendicular, and the disc more cylindrical : it
ought probably to form a new genus, but as the arrangement of the genera of
Longicorns is still very unsatisfactory, it is needless for the present to separate
species that are obviously allied.

Ulochcstes Lee. (Cerambyci Lepturidae.)

Caput deflexum, fronte quadrata, perpendiculari, pone oculos subito, at parum
constrictum: oculi emarginati; antennas inter oculos pone medium insertas ; palpi
breves articulis turbinatis subasqualibus ; antennae corpore duplo breviores, arti-
culis 3 et 4 coniunctis 4to aequalibus : thorax transversus lateribus et dorso acute
tuberculatus, densissime pilosus ; elytra abbreviata, scabra, apice subacute ro-
tundata, humeris valde elevatis. Tarsi posteriores articulo lmo sequentibus
coniunctis oeqnali. Alae abdomine longiores, rectae.

1. U. leoninus, niger, capite griseo-pubescente, thorace antrorsum angus-
tato densissime longe griseo-piloso, antice valde transversim impresso, postice
paulo constricto, elytris cpacis apice late testaceis, tibiis testaceis, apice nigris ;
antennis basi obscure testaceis, alis fuliginosis. Long. 96 ; lat. '33.

Prairie Paso, Oregon, Dr. Cooper. This very .fine insect seems allied to
Necydalis ; it differs, however, by its less constricted neck, and by the propor-
tions of the joints of the antennae, also by its stouter form : the elytra diverge
more posteriorly, showing a tendency towards a subulate form. The scutel is
smooth and shining, with the sides hairy : the pectus is thinly clothed with gray-
ish hairs.

Mallodon serrulatus, piceo-niger, nitidus capite antice parcius, pone ocu-
los den-ius punctato, genis subacutis, thorace transverso, lateribus scabro et in-
sequali disco subtilius parce punctato, antrorsum subangustato, lateribus rectis
serrulatis, versus angulos posticos paulo refiexis, elytris disperse subtilius punc-
tatis. Long. 2-3.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. Resembles closely M. c i 1 ip e s
Hald., but the sides of the thorax are less serrate, and less reflexed: the disc is
also less convex, the mandibles are not elongated, but thick, and emarginate at
the end; those of the male of M. cilipes are similar in form.

1854.J 81

Bnprestis sp h e n i cu s, nigro-aeneus, elongatus convexus breuissime parce
pubescens, capite thoraceque punctis inauratis, hoc latitudine sesqui breviore,
antice paulo angustato lateribus late rotundatis, basi media late rotundata utrin-
que sinuata, angulis posticis acutis, elytris a basi angustatis postice subacutis
et serrulatis, subtiliter striato-punctatis, interstitiis parce punctatis, basi flavo
pilosis, abdomine lateribus maculis triangularibus flavo-pilosis ornato. Long.
751-0.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks. Mr. Schott. The arrangement of Buprestidae
is at present in such confusion, that I am unable, by the books, to determine the
proper reference of this species. Generic characters of much importance in this
family have been lost sight of in the arrangements proposed, and a thorough re-
vision is necessary. This particular species has for generic characters : clypeus
broadly but regularly emarginate ; the antennae inserted under a strongly elevated
line which runs obliquely towards the emargination of the clypeus ; the labrum
emarginate; the mentum rounded anteriorly; the scutel small, transverse and
rounded : coxal plates much but gradually dilated internally : rnesosternum di-
vided, with the portions entirely connate with the metasternum : palpi almost
cylindrical, with subequal joints : anus very slightly emarginate : tarsi with the
joints 1 4 broadly lobed, the lobe of the fourth joint rounded : the basal joint of
the posterior tarsi very little longer than the second: the mandible are thick,
short and obtuse.

Buprestis a m b i e n s, laete viridis, aenescens, elongatus minus convexus, capite
valde rujjosoet punctato, oculis mediocribus, thorace latitudine breviore punctato
lateribus rotundatis, flavo-marginatis, basi fere recte truncata, fovea ad medium
alteraque utrinque ad angulos notata, elytris basi coniunctim subemarginatis, hu-
meris acutis, lateribus flavo-marginatis, parallelis a dodrante angustatis, apice
truncatis, sat profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis paulo convexis, parce punc-
tulatis. Long. *68.

Frontera (Rio Grande), Mr. Clarke. Although having very much the form of
Anthaxia, this species differs considerably in its generic characters ; the an-
tennre palpi and feet are unfortunately wanting, but the following marks will
enable the genus to be recognized :

The antennae are near the eyes, (which are moderate in size) and are inserted
on the front : behind the insertion is a deep fovea, at the bottom of which is a
round shining tubercle* (as in Dicerca) ; the clypeus is very broadly emarginate
in the arc of a circle, (labrum wanting) ; the mandibles are short, thick and ob-
liquely truncate; the mentum is broaci and rounded anteriorly; the rnesosternum
firmly connate with the metasternum; the posterior coxal plates with the poste-
rior outline concave so as to form an internal tooth; anus not emarginate ; scutel
very small, subtriangular.

The yellow margin of the thorax is posteriorly separated from the disc by an
impressed line : the yellow of the elytra is slightly dilated behind the humerus
nd again about the middle.

Phaenops m i r a nd u s, niger, aenescens subtiliter dense punctulatus, capite
guttis 5 politis, circulo positis, thorace guttis 4 anticis (intermediis maioribus)
alteraque utrinque pone medium, lineaque dorsali postica nitidis Icevigatis ; ely-
tris margine basique tenuiter rubris, lineiscue fiavis decussatis oinatis.
Long. 65.

Fort Union, New Mexico, Major Sibley. This beautiful species is nearly of
the same form as our common black P. longipes, but is less acute posterior-
ly : the yellow lines of the elytra are arranged so as to include the following
spots : a large common triangular one at the scutel, separated from the base by
the red margin ; an elongated lateral spot extending from behind the humerus to
two-fifths the length: a large common rhomboidal spot on the suture, extending
from the second to the fourth fifth of the length : immediately opposite the ex-
ternal angle of the rhomboid, a small submarginal black dot , finally a large api-
cal blotch ; separated from the rhomboid by a narrow yellow line, and from the
margin by the red marginal line above mentioned. The yellow stripes which
bound the anterior faces of the rhomboid are considerably broader than the

*Is this an ocellus, or a tympanum ?

84 [May,

others. The under surface is of a uniform black bronze color, and densely
punctured.

Eusattus puberulus, infiatus niger, subopacus, parce breviter flavo-pubes-
cens, elytris parcius punctatis, lineisque elevatis duabus obsoletis notatis ; tho-
racis angulis posticis acutis modice productis, tibiis anticis extus usque ad
medium serrulatis, apice valde productis. Long. '34.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. The sides of the thorax are strongly
margined, and furnished with long hairs : the base and apex are ciliate as usual
with short bristles: the disc is entirely without punctures: the slightly elevated
lines of the elytra in one specimen can hardly be observed.

Asbolus ? infaustus, parum convexus, niger, subnitidus, capite parce
punctato, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus rotundatis, postice brevi-
ter sinuatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis rectis, basi truncata, parce in disco
obsolete punctato, elytris ovalibus thorace paulo latioribus, postice valde decli-
vibus, disco punctis, lateribus apiceque tuberculis subelevatis subseriatis notatis.
Long. -83.

One specimen, Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. This species agrees
in its characters very closely with the two California species described in the
Annals of the Lyceum of New York, (5, 129) the mentum is however more flat-
tened, slightly carinate at base, and impressed anteriorly ; the antennas are less
slender, and the joints are more distant, and the last joint is not truncate, but
oval and pointed, and but little smaller than the tenth joint. A close affinity to
Centrioptera is also seen, but that genus has less produced prosternum, and" the
mentum is not emarginate.

Allecula soc ia, picea fusco-pubescens, thorace latitudine duplo breviore,
parce punctato, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundato, angulis posticis fere
rectis, elytris profunde striato-punctatis, interstitiis subconvexis, punctatis.
Long. *45.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Schott. Closely related to A. punctulata
Mels., but w T ith a broader thorax: as in that species the eyes are large and
moderately distant, the third joint of the antennae equal to the fourth, and the
penultimate joint of all the tarsi lobed.

Meloe s u b 1 a e v i s, cyaneo-niger, fere opacus, capite thoraceque parce sub-
tiliter punctulatis, hoc quadrato, postice subangustato, angulis omnibus rotunda-
tis, disco subdepresso, foveis duabus ante medium impresso, elytris subtiliter
daedaleo-rugosis, antennis sensim paulo incrassatis. Long. -65.

Fort Union, New Mexico, Major Sibley. Probably a female : the antennae are
not filiform as in M. angusticollis Say, nor thicker in the middle as in M. im-
pressus Klrly, but are very gradually thickened to the end : the third joint is
not longer than the fourth, and is about twice the size of the second. The inner
spur of the posterior tibiae is acute, the outer one is larger, concave and obtuse.
This species approaches the Western American M. strigulosus Mann., but the
thorax is not so much elongated, the sides are nearly straight, and the base less
emarginate.

Lytta cos tat a, valde elongata, nigra, dense cinereo-pubescens, capite linea
nigra impressa, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus
late rotundato, linea nigra dorsali impressa, elytris sutura margine, costisque 4
elevatis ornatis, externa antice paulo abbreviatis, tarsis antennisque nigris.
Long. "65.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. The antennae are slender
and filiform : the first joint is equal in length to the third ; the second is about one
half as long; from the third the joints diminish gradually in length : the inner
spur of the posterior tibiae is acute, the outer one is broader, obtuse and con-
cave. The labrum is slightly emarginate. It belongs in division (B g.) of
Proc. Acad. 6, 331.

Lytta luteicornis, nigra dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine
longiore lateribus antice rotundatis, disco lineolis duabus nigris saepius ornato,

1854.] 85

lateribus fere parallelis, elytris thorace fere duplolatioribus ; tibiis apice tarsis-
que nigris, palpis, labro, clypeo, antennisque luteo-testaceis, his extrorsum ob-
scuri6. Long. *85 95.

Laredo to Ringgold Barracks, Mr. Weise. In the male, the first joint of the
antennae is as long as the head, compressed, and angulated externally beyond the
middle but very slightly curved : the second joint is one half larger than the
third. In the female the first joint extends to the posterior margin of the eye,
and the second joint is about equal to the third. This species is allied to L. longi-
collis Lee. but the color of the cephalic organs, and the sexual characters distin-
guish it at first sight.

Zonitis rufa, pallide rufa, breviter pubescens, capite modice, thorace parcius
punctato, hoc latitudine fere longiore, nitido subcanaliculato, lateribus antice ro-
tundatis, elytris dense rugose punctatis, pedibus ore antennisque nigris.
Long. -27.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. This species has very
much the appearance of a small Nemognatha, but the maxillae are not elongated:
the spurs of the posterior tibiae are broad, the outer one obtuse, the inner one
subacute. The second joint of the antennae is two-thirds as large as the third.

Tanymecus lautus, niger, parcius cinereo-squamulosus, capite punctato
canaliculato, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, lateribus parallelis apice rotun-
datis, parcius grosse punctato, disco subcanaliculato, postice fovea lata excavato,
elytris thorace latioribus humeris obtuse angulatis, apice valde declivi, punctis
seriatis maiusculis impressis, interstitiis alutaceis. Long. -46.

One specimen, Frontera, (Rio Grande) Mr. Clark. The largest species I have
seen within our Territories.

Notice of a new species of Salmo??idcB, from the north-eastern part of the

United States.

By Charles Gieard.

The body of the male is subfusiform and rather slender, particularly the caudal
region ; the head being regularly subconical and contained five times in the total
length. The maxillaries are gently curved, extending backwards to about the
posterior margin of the orbit. The female is stouter, with the peduncle of the tail
shorter ; the head has the same general shape, but is not contained five times in
the total length. The maxillaries are less curved, but extend as far backwards
as in the male. The eye is very large ; its diameter being contained nearly five
times in the length of side of head. The caudal is deeply emarginated posteriorly,
giving to it a more forked appearance than in either Salmo oquassa or Salmo
sebago. The adipose fin, in the male, is situated opposite the anterior margin of
the anal, whilst in the female it corresponds to the posterior margin of the same
fin.

The scales are well developed, being somewhat smaller, however, than in
Salmo sebago, and considerably larger than in either Salmo oquassa or Salmo
erythrogaster. On the dorsal and ventral regions they are considerably smaller
than upon the sides and along the peduncle of the tail. They extend, diminish-
ing in size, over nearly the half of the length of the middle rays of the caudal fin.
The lateral line takes an almost straight course along the middle region of the
flanks. The following is an approximate formula of the rays of the fins:

D 3. 12. A 1. 9. C 8. I. 8. 9. I. 5. V 1. 9. P 14.

There are two anterior rudimentary rays to the dorsal, one or two to the anal,
one to the ventrals, eight or ten to the upper lobe of the caudal, and five or six
to the inferior lobe.

The uppnr surface of head and dorsal region are blackish brown; the sides are
silvery white, and the belly yellowish. The region above the lateral line is
densely spread all over with black irregular spots, some of which are confluent;
a few scattered ones may be seen beneath that line upon the middle of the abdo-
men. Four to six of these spots, w r ell defined, are always observed on the oper-

8

86 [May,

culum, one of which may occasionally reach the preoperculum. A few reddish
orange dots, individually situated in the middle of a black spot, are occasionally
observed along the middle and upper part of the flanks. Whether these dots are
peculiar to the female or proper to both sexes, I am not prepared to say, from
want of sufficient information, upon that point.

This species was first brought to my notice by M. Townend Glover, of Fish-
ki'i Landing, Dutchess Co., New York, who caught it in the upper affluent of
Union river, in the State of Maine, during the middle of September. I propose
for it the name of Salmo gloverii, as a token of gratitude towards an artist whose
labors, if promoted, would contribute so much to popularize natural history, and
spread its benefits throughout the country.

A list of the North American Bufonids, with Diagnoses of New Species*

By Charles Girard.

1. Bufo americanus, Le Conte MS. Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 17,
pi. iv.

Inhabits the Atlantic States, from Maine to Virginia, extending through the
mountainous regions of the Carolinas into the valley of the Mississippi. It is
likewise found in the North Western States and Canada.

2. Bufo lentiginosis, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp v. 1842, 7, pi. i. Rana
le7itigi?wsa, Shaw, Gen. Zool. iii. 1, 1803. 173. PI. liii. Bufo erythronotus ,
Holbr. Ibid. 11. PI. ii.

Ranges along the sea coast, from South Carolina to Florida, and following the
gulf through Alabama and Mississippi. Scattered individuals are met with
across the mountains to South Carolina.

Bufo ctythrojiotus does not appear to us different from B. lentiginosus^ since
color alone cannot be taken as an exclusive guide amongst the bufonids.

3. Bufo woodhousii, Girard. Bufo dorsalis, Hallow, (non Spix). Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vi. 1852, 181 ; and in Sit.greaves Exped. Ziini and Color.
Rivers, 1853, 142. PI. xix. Head short and thick; upper central surface but
little depressed, not to say grooved ; the suborbital ridge being slightly elevated.
The occipito-temporal ridge is thicker, and hence a little more conspicuous.
Snout rounded, nostrils terminal. Mouth wide, upper jaw emarginated. Tym-
panum and parotids of moderate size. Limbs rather short and stout. First
finger much longer than the second. A large metacarpal disk. Toes semipal-
mated. Two metatarsal tubercles, a very large and a very small one. No
membranous fold at the inner lower edge of the tarsus. Papillae of medium
size upon the back. Inferior surface, with rather small and crowded granular
warts. Above dark brown, with numerous lines of yellow. A dorsal yellowish
vitta running the whole length of the body. Transverse blotches of black upon
the thighs and fore arms. Beneath ochraceus.

The affinities of this species are intermediate between B. americaims and B.
lentiginoses. Its geographic range appears to be New Mexico, having so far
been found in the province of Sonora, and in the San Francisco mountains.

4. Bufo cognatus, Say, in Long's Exped. to Rocky Mts. ii, 1823, 190.
Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 21. PI. v. B. and G. in Marcy's Expl. Red
Riv. La. 1853. 242. Zool. PI. xi.

A very characteristic species in the structure of the upper surface of head.
Found in the territory of Nebraska, and southwards as far as the province of
Coahuila, Mex.

5. Bufo speciosus, Girard. Head moderate ; its upper surface smooth and
even, or with slight traces of ridges or carinae. Snout subtruncated and rounded;
nostrils subterminal. Mouth large, upper jaw slightly emarginated. Tongue

* Specimens upon which these descriptions are based, are preserved in the
museum of the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington.

1854.]

87

small, elongate, posteriorly free for the fourth of its length. A subgulav vocal
bladder. Tympanum of medium size. Parotids subovoid, of stoutish appear-
ance. Limbs of moderate development. First finger much longer than the
second, which is equal to the fourth. A large subcircular metacarpal disk.
Toes semipalmated. Two metatarsal spade-shaped processes, the innermost
being much the largest. A membranous fold at the inner lower margin of tar-
sus. Skin above covered with papillae of moderate development, and with small
warts beneath. Color above greenish brown, maculated: no dorsal lighter
vitta. Beneath, greenish or yellowish white, unicolor.

Allied to B. woodhousii, differing, however, in the form and development of
the metatarsal processes. It appears to inhabit the valley of the Rio Bravo
(Rio Grand del Norte), and to be not uncommon in the province of New Leon.

6. Bufo punctatus, B. and G. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 173.

A very marked species in the shape and structure of the head. Hitherto
found in the valley of the Devil's river (Rio San Pedro, of Rio Grande), and in
the province of Coahuila, Mex.

7. Bufo debilis, Girard. Upper surface of head without any crest or ridge.
Snout rounded. Mouth moderate. Upper jaw emarginated. Tongue small.
Tympanum small. Parotids moderate and elongated. Limbs of moderate de-
velopment, femur shorter than tibia. First finger longer than the second. A
large metacarpal disk. Toes slightly united at base by a web. Two metatar-
sal processes. No membranous fold at the inner lower margin of the tarsus.
Skin above pustulous; pustules of moderate development; warts beneath
very small. Color above brownish yellow, spotted. No dorsal lighter vitta.
Beneath of a uniform soiled yellow.

Allied to B. speciosus ; found in the lower part of the valley of the Rio
Bravo ^Rio Grande del Norte), and in the province of Tamaulipas.

8. Bufo nebulifer, Girard Bufo granulosus, B. and G. (non Spix). Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1852, 173.

This species is strongly suggestive of B. mariuus, Schn. (B. agna Daud) ; it
is, however, easily distinguished from it upon a comparison of individuals of
both species. It inhabits Texas, the valley of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande del
Norte), the provinces of Tamaulipas and New Leon, Mexico.

9. Bufo columbiensis, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vi. 1853,
378.

This is possibly the largest species of North American toads; it is common in
the valley of the Columbia River, Oregon Territory, where it was first observed
by the naturalists of the U. S. Exploring Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkes.

10. Bufo boreas, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Philad. vi. 1852, 311.

So far the most northern bufonid ; it is not uncommon about Puget Sound,
where it was collected many years ago by the naturalists of the U. S. Explor-
ing Expedition.

11. Bufo halophila, B. and G. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philada. vi. 1853,
311.

Since this species was first described an adult individual has been secured,
which has enabled me to give the following diagnosis :

Upper surface of head without either crests or grooves. Skin thick and adhering
to skull. Snout rounded. Parotids of medium size. Ryes moderate. Tym-
panum small. Tongue lanceolated, bro.idest posteriorly. Upper jaw emargi-
nated. Inner finger longer than the second. Two metacarpal disks. A mem-
branous fold along the tarsus. Toes semipalmated ; two metatarsal tubercles.
A narrow yellowish dorsal vitta. Ground color greenish yellow, with nume-
rous black spots and dots, distributed all over the upper parts and sides of body,
head and limbs. Beneath unicolor of a dingy yellow.

Inhabits the western coast, frequenting the sea margin ; hitherto observed
only in California.

88 [June,

12. Bufo quercinus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. v. 1842, 13. PI. iii.

This quite small species appears to be restricted to very narrow geographical
limits, having so far been found only in the neighborhood of Charleston, S. C.

13. Bufo insidior, Girard. Upper surface of head plane and smooth. Snout
subacute, protruding. Mouth moderate, upper jaw slightly emarginated.
Tongue elongated, tapering towards both ends. Tympanum inconspicuous.
Parotids large and elongated, situated obliquely upon the shoulder. Limbs
moderate. First finger equal to the second in length. A metacarpal disk, and
a tubercle. Toes slightly webbed at base. Two metatarsal tubercles. Skin
papillous above, warty beneath. Above of a bluish slate hue, with black
markings. Beneath unicolor, dingy yellow.

Small specimens, perhaps immature, were collected in Chihuahua by Dr.
Thos. H. Webb, attached to Comm. Bartlett's party in the survey of the U.
S. and Mex. boundary line.

14. Engystoma carolinense, Holbr. N. Amer. Herp. First ed. i. 1836?
83. PI. xi., and 2d ed. v. 1842, 23. PL vi. Dum. and B. Erp. gen. viii.,
1841, 743.

Found in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi.

15. Engystoma rugosum, Dum. and B. Erp. gen. viii., 1841, 744.

Said to occur in the same regions as the preceding species. Have never ob-
served it, and therefore cannot endorse it as a North American species.

The following amendments to the By-Laws were adopted :

Chapter viii., Art. 1. No specimen of Natural History contained
in the collections of the Academy shall be loaned from the Hall, under
any pretence, or for any purpose whatever.

Chapter xii., Art. 2. Every proposition to alter or amend these
By-laws shall be submitted, in writing, at a meeting for business, and
if adopted by the affirmative votes of two thirds of the members pre-
sent, it shall be read at the meeting for business next succeeding ; and
then, if adopted by the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the members
present, it shall be again read at the next succeeding meeting for busi-
ness, and on receiving the affirmative votes of two-thirds of the mem-
bers present, it shall become a part of these By-Laws ; Provided, that
at least twelve members be present at each of the three readings.

The following Article was added to Chap. XII :

Chapter xii., Art. 3. No one, or more, of the By-Laws of this
Academy shall be suspended.

ELECTION.

Dr. William S. M'llhenny and Job B. Tyson, Esq., of Philadelphia,
were elected Members.

June 6th.
Vice-President Lea in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, dated Leipzig, 27th Feb.,
1854;

From the Boyal Academy of Sciences of Vienna, dated Jan. 18 and
Jan. 28th, 1854 :

1854.] 89

From the Furstlicli Jablonowskischen Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, dated
13th Jan., 1854 ; and from the Belfast Natural History Society, dated
31st Dec., 1853 ; severally transmitting donations to the Library an-
nounced this evening.

From the Librarian of the Pennsylvania State Library, dated Harris-
burg, June 1, 1854;

From the Trustees of the New York State Library, dated Albany,
May 26ib, 1854; and

From the American Philosophical Society, dated August 20, 1854,
severally acknowledging the receipt of recent publications of the
Academy.

From Dr. M. H. Houston, dated Wheeling, Va., May 22d, 1854,
presenting the Indian remains deposited in the Cabinet by Mr. Ellet,
through Dr. C. D. Meigs, May 16th, 1854.

Dr. Hallowell presented for publication in the Proceedings, two papers,
entitled respectively, " Descriptions of New Reptiles from California ;"
and " On a genus and species of Serpent from Honduras, presumed to
be new," both of which were referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Le Conte, and
Col. McCall.

Dr. Leidy stated that while examining some fossils he had accidentally in-
spected the fragment of lower jaw, supposed by Harlan to belong to an extinct
species of hog, the Sus americanns ; and which Prof. Owen, after an examination,
had considered as a new genus, Harlavus, allied to the tapiroid pachyderms,
when it immediately occurred to him that it belonged neither to a suiline nor a
tapiroid animal, but to a true ruminant, and this, the Bison latifrons.

The form of the fragment of jaw is the same as the corresponding portion in
the ox, and its robustness is in relation to the size and strength of the head of
Bison latifrons.

The fossil belonged to a very old individual, as indicated by the production of
large fangs to the teeth, and the almost entire removal of the enamelled crown
by trituration.

The first of the series of true molars in the specimen exhibits two fangs of
dentine united by an isthmus of cementum, (see plate vi. accompanying Owen's
memoir, in vol. i. new series, of the Journal of this Academy.)

In the second true molar a line of enamel yet borders the crown. The little
prominence in the centre of the dentinal space of the anterior lobe is the rem-
nant of the crescentic enamel island. The middle of the three folds on the outer
side, which misled Prof. Owen to suspect an affinity of the animal to Toxodon,
is nothing more than the remains of the robust accessory column of the molars
of Bison latifrons t as may be seen by comparing the specimens, or the figures in
Owen's plate, with the corresponding part in the figures 6 and 7 of the last molar
in plate ii. of my " Memoir on the Extinct Species of American Ox."

The last molar of Bison latifrofis, indicated in the figures just mentioned, not
only exactly fits the corresponding space in the fragment of jaw, but the remain-
ing portion of tooth in the latter is of the same form and size as the correspond-
ing portion of the entire tooth.

If these views be considered as correct, then the Sus americanns, or Harlanus
america?ius, ceases to be a distinct animal, and the fossil in question becomes a
portion of Bison latifrons.

In further confirmation of these facts, a portion of a humerus and a tibia,
mentioned in Prof. Owen's paper, and an atlas and a metacarpal bone were dis-
covered by Mr. Couper, with the [fragment of jaw, and these had previously
been referred to Bison latifrons in my memoir above referred to.

90

[June,

Dr. Leidy next called attention to several fossils indicating new species of
extinct mammalia.

The first was the crown of a molar tooth discovered by Captain Bowman,
U. S. A., in the sands of Ashley river, S. C. It most resembles the left lower
penultimate molar of the bear, but the triturating surface is more generally
level, and presents less disposition to the formation of cusps. The specimen
measures 24 m.m. antero-posteriorly, and 17 m.m. transversely. For the genus
and species supposed to be indicated by the specimen the name of Aretodus pris-
tinus was proposed.

The other fossils consisted of two specimens loaned by Prof. Hall, of Albany,
and constitute part of the collection made by Messrs. Meek and Hayden, during
an expedition to Nebraska Territory in the summer of 1853. They were found
on Bijou Hill, east of the Missouri River, in a tertiary formation surmounting
cretaceous beds.

One of the specimens is an inferior molar of a solipedal animal, apparently
intermediate to Equus and Anchitherium, the enamel folding upon the triturating
surface being less complex than in the former, and greater than in the latter.
It appears to have had an envelope of crusta petrosa as in the horse, though
nearly all removed in the specimen. In size it is relatively long compared to
the corresponding teeth of A7ichitherium i but is short compared to those of
Equus. Its antero-posterior measurement in 17 m.m. For the genus and species
the name of Hippodon speciosus was proposed.

The remaining specimen is the fragment of a lower jaw, containing a last pre-
molar and the first true molar of a small ruminant allied to the Musks. The
last premolar on the triturating surface presents a series of five folds projecting
inwardly. Its measurement antero-posteriorly is 8 m.m. The inner side of the
true molar is nearly as plain as in those of Pceb rot her item. Its measurement
antero-posteriorly is also 8 m.m. For the genus and species the name of Mery-
codus necatus was proposed.

9

June ISth.
Dr. Ruschenberger in the Chair.

A letter was read from Dr. W. P. Gibbons, dated San Francisco, May
16, 1854, transmitting the specimens of viviparous fishes acknowledged
this evening; also a paper intended for publication in the Proceed-
ings, entitled, u Descriptions of four new species of Viviparous Fishes
from Sacramento River and the Bay of San Francisco. Read before
the California Academy of Natural Sciences, May 15th, 1854 ; by Wm.
P. Gibbons, M. D."

Referred to Dr. Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Hallowell.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, " Remarks on the Geographical distribution of Reptiles,
with descriptions of several species supposed to be new, and corrections
of former papers ;" which was referred to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Da Costa, and
Dr. Le Conte.

Dr. Da Costa directed the attention of the Academy to a new process which
he had lately employed in making minute injections. In order to insure a greater
rotundity and distinctness of the vessels than is usually obtained, he performed
a series of experiments with solid substances dissolved in ether, and as evidence
of the results he submitted several specimens to the inspection of the members.
The substances selected on account of their ready solubility were the resins, and
of these the sandarach and the Damarra copal were found to answer best. One
ounce of the resin was dissolved in about three ounces, or if mucous membranes
were to be injected, in about four ounces of ether. This was then filtered, and
enough finely ground yellow or red paint added to give to the injecting mass the

1854.] 91

requisite color. Judging from the equal distinctness of the vessels in some of
Prof. Hyrtl's preparations in his possession, he was led to believe that it is on a
similar principle that these beautiful injections are made, except that turpentine
is probably used as a solvent instead of ether. He was, however, not able to
speak positively on this subject, since the injecting material used by Prof. Hyrtl
has never been disclosed. The advantage of using ether for injections, as first
directed by Dr. Goddard, instead of turpentine, is that preparations in which
ether has been used are always more uniformly and more minutely injected ; and
by dissolving solid substances in it, Dr. Da Costa believed that equal distinctness,
with perhaps greater minuteness than is even afforded in the preparations of
Prof. Hyrtl, may be obtained.

June 1th*
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Dr. Le Conte presented two papers for publication in the Proceedings,
viz : " Synopsis of the Dermestidse of the United States, " and " Synop-
sis of the Byrrhidse of North America," both of which were referred
to Dr. Leidy, Dr. Elwyn, and Dr. Ruschenberger.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled,
" Descriptions of New Fossil species from the cretaceous formation of
Sage Creek, Nebraska, by John Evans, M. D., and B. F . Shumard,
M. D. ;" which was referred to Mr. Conrad, Mr. Charles E. Smith, and
Mr. Foulke.

Mr. Cassin presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, en-
titled, " Descriptions of new Birds collected between Albuquerque, New
Mexico, and San Francisco, California. By S. F. Baird." Referred to
Mr. Cassin, Dr. Heermann, and Col. McCall.

June 27th,

Vice President Lea in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred papers by Dr. Hallo well, read
June 6th and 13th, 1854 ; by Dr. Gibbons, June 13th ; by Dr. J. Le
Conte, read June 20th ; and by Prof. Baird, read June 20th, severally
reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of new Reptiles from California.
By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

CHELONIANS.

Emys nigra, nob.

Sp. Char. Shell oblong-ovate, slightly compressed at the sides and emargi-
nate, but not distinctly serrated posteriorly; latero-posterior margins of carapax
everted; nuchal plate narrow, truncate anteriorly, broader posteriorly ; 24 mar-
ginal plates, the two posterior more or less quadrilateral, the two adjoining pen-
tagonal ; color blackish above, the upper part of head and neck presenting
numerous very small yellow spots upon a black ground ; anterior extremities
with a tinge of yellow ; under jaw and throat yellow, with dark colored mark-
ings ; plastron yellow in the middle, with large blotches of black or dark brown
at the sides, and anteriorly and posteriorly ; under surface of tail and extremities
blackish; tail of moderate length.

92 [June,

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; breadth f ; length of carapax 6 inches,
measured along curvature superiorly ; breadth at middle 5| inches ; of tail 2.

Habitat. Posa Creek, Lower California, where it occurs in great numbers.

Gen. obs. This species resembles none ol the North American Emydes with
which 1 am acquainted. Its dark color puts one in mind of, but is not so jet a
black as that of Sternothaerus niger of Madagascar.

SAURIANS.

Dipso-saurtjs, Hallowell.

Gen. char. Head triangular, covered above and in front with tubercles ; nos-
trils latero-superior, opening in a single scale ; rostral plate veitical, triangular;
jaws margined each with a series of smooth quadrilateral plates ; tympanum
visible, depressed ; upper part of body covered with carinated scales, more or
less rounded posteriorly, arranged in oblique rows ; a row of scales much larger
than the rest along the dorsal line, and much more strongly carinated, forming
a slight dorsal crest; a gular fold ; scales of abdomen quadrangular, smooth ;
femoral pores ; tail covered with transverse rows of verticillate and carinated
scales*

DlPSO-SAURUS DORSALIS.

Sy?i. Crotaphytus dorsalis, Baird and Girard. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1852,
p. 126.

Coloration. Body presenting numerous lines of red upon the sides, with
blotches of the same color over the shoulders, the intervening spaces numerous
white spots; upper surface and sides of tail marked with red spots arranged in
transverse rows ; upper surface of extremities with red ; throat, abdomen, under
surface of extremities and tail white. The coloration, as described by Profs.
Baird and Girard, appears to be taken from younger specimens, one such before
me corresponding with it precisely.

Dimensions. Length of head 7 lines; breadth 7 ; length of head, neck and
body to vent, 8 inches, (Fr.) ; of tail lh inch.; anterior extremities 1 inch. ;
posterior 3 inches to extremity of nail of longest toe.

Habitat Desert of the Colorado, to which it appears to be confined. The
smaller specimen from near Fort Yuma, the large one found in the desert be-
tween Rum River and the Tejon Pass, (pronounced Tahon ;) a country without
water, not sandy, but arid, bearing artemisia, &c.

Gen. remarks. This animal differs from Crotaphytus (Holbrook) in having
the upper part of the body covered with quadrangular scales, instead of granula-
tions, and the larger row of carinated dorsal scales giving rise to a slight crest,
no trace of which exists in Crotaphytus, from Leiolepis in having tubercles, and
not plates, upon the head and from Homalo-saurus in the form of the marginal
plates of the upper jaw.

Uro-saurus, Hallowell,

Gen. char. Body very slender, which, as well as the head, is much depressed;
scales upon the back much larger than those upon the sides, and strongly cari-
nated ; nostrils superior in a single scale; head covered with plates ; aural aper-
tures very distinct ; a gular fold ; extremities slender; toes 55 ; tail very long
and tapering, verticillate ; femoral pores, but no anal ones.

Uro-saurus graciosus, nob.

Sp. char. Head yellow, with a few brow r nish marks; seven longitudinal rows
of scales upon the back very distinctly carinated. Color of body yellowish,
mixed with brownish and black spots ; extremities yellowish, with dark colored
transverse bands ; tail of same color above as body ; under surface silvery white,
with blackish spots; eleven femoral pores.

Dimensions. Length of head 5-8ths inch; greatest breadth f inch; length
of head, neck and body to vent, If inch j of anterior extremities to extremity of

1854.] 93

longest toe 6-8ths inch ; of posterior to extremity of longest toe Jf inch ; of tail
4 inches; total length.

Habitat. Lower California.

Gen. Remarks. The contrast between the large carinated scales upon the
back, and the small ones upon the sides resembling granulations, is very striking ;
the long and slender tail also is remarkable. In these respects Uro-saurus is
allied to Tachydromus, but the plates upon the head are very different.

SCELOPORUS, Wiegmann.'

ScELOPORUS MAGISTER, nob.

Sp. char. Larger than any known species of Sceloporus, and remarkable for
its large and strongly carinated scales, which are very much denticulated poste-
riorly ; anterior margin of aural apertures strongly denticulated ; upper part of
head, body and extremities and tail straw color, without spots or blotches ; a
black triangular blotch upon each side of the neck, in front of the shoulder, the
base below ; two large bluish green blotches upon the abdomen, one on each side
and one upon the neck ; the rest of the under surface light straw color ; tail long,
very thick at base, tapering near the point ; twelve femoral pores on each side.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body to vent, 4 6-8ths inches; great-
est breadth of head 1 inch; length of head If inch ; of tail l-5th inch ; of anterior
extremities l inch ; of anterior foot to extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; of pos-
terior extremities 1 6-8ths inch; of foot to extremity of longest toe If inch :
total length 9 6-8ths inches.

Habitat. Near Fort Yuma, at junction of Colorado and Gila, also nearTuson
in Sonora, upon a rocky soil.

Gen. remarks. This species is remarkable for its large size and greatly deve-
loped spines. It is a much larger animal than the spinosus of Wiegmann, and
wants the quadruple series of dark colored spots that exist in that animal.
The posterior margins of the scales are strongly denticulated, which is not the
case in spinosus, one of the characters of which is " squamis paucidentatis."
From horridus, Wieg. it differs in coloration, arrangement of plates upon the head,
and in the number of femoral pores, which in the latter are 4 5.

Sceloporus bi-seriatus, nob.

Sp. char. Scales of the back much larger than those upon the sides. Five
frontal plates in two rows ; the middle of the anterior row largest ; four inter-
nasals ; two very small plates between the anterior row and rostral ; two vertical
plates ; one large plate on each side of the occipital, and two in front of them;
posterior border of scales not denticulated. A narrow brownish vitta across the
head near the middle of the superciliary plates ; coloration of head resembling
that of undulatus ; light ash grey above, with a double row of dark-colored spots
upon the back on each side of the dorsal line, extending a short distance upon
the tail ; extremities ash colored above, banded with black ; under surface
silvery grey, with two blue blotches, one on each side of the abdomen, and a
blue blotch upon the chin ; 20 femoral pores.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body to vent, 3 inches: of tail 4
inches ; length of anterior extremities 5-8ths inch ; of foot anteriorly to extremity
of longest toe 5-8ths inch ; of posterior extremity 1 inch ; of foot posteriorly to
extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; total length 7 inches.

Habitat. Borders of El Paso Creek and in Tejon Valley. Constantly climb-
ing up trees, when scared, to a distance of twenty or thirty feet, running along
the ground and up the trees very quickly.

Gen. remarks. Wants the undulating lines or bars of undulatus, these being
replaced by the spots above described; the scales upon the sides are also
much smaller than those of undulatus. This species resembles very closely
the variabilis of Wiegmann, and is probably the same, notwithstanding cer-
tain differences in the description. In the absence of a good drawing, or authen-
ticated specimen, we cannot pronounce, positively, whether they be the same
or not, although inclined to the former opinion. Thus the head, according to

94 [June,

Wiegmann, is unicolor ; and the plates upon the head cannot be said to
he ruguloso carinatis, for they are for the most part smooth in bi-seriatus.
It wants the white lateral line beneath the spots which is observed in scalaris,
Wiegmann. The arrangement of the plates upon the head appears to characterize
this species very well, being uniform, with unimportant exceptions, in all the
specimens brought by Dr. Heermann.

Var. A. azureus. Body uniformly blue above, mingled with brown, the
the blue color predominating; on the sides greenish with a metallic lustre ; head
brownish above ; two large blue blotches upon abdomen, one on each side ; rest
of under surface silvery white with bluish tints, especially about the chin ; scales
large and strongly carinated, not denticulated posteriorly; tail stout at the base,
much less tapering than in bi-seriatus; the plates of the head correspond pre-
cisely with those of the latter animal.

Dimensions* Length of head, neck and body to vent, 3 2-8ths inches ; of tail
3 5-Sths inches ; of anterior extremities 1 inch ; of anterior foot to extremity of
longest toe 6-8ths inch ; of posterior foot to extremity of longest toe 1 2-8ths
inch ; total length 6| inches.

Habitat. Associated with bi-seriatus.

Var. B. variegatus. Body light ash color, with transverse brownish bands
and markings coalescing with each other, so as to give the whole a marbled
appearance ; head above ash color mingled with brown ; extremities ash color,
with transverse bands of brown ; under surface silvery grey without bluish spots
or blotches ; 17 femoral pores, remarkably large ; tail stout, thick at the base.

Dimensions. Length of head neck and body 4h inches ; greatest breadth of
head 1 inch ; length 1 inch ; tail mutilated, circumference at base 1 2-8ths inch ;
length of anterior extremities If inch ; of loot to extremity of longest toe f inch ;
of posterior extremity 2 inches ; of foot, posteriorly, to extremity of longest toe
1 inch.

Habitat. Same.

CNEMIDOPHORUS, Dum. and Bib.

Gen. Char. Nostrils in the nasal plate near its posterior border ; two supero-
nasals ; palate without teeth, with a shallow, triangular notch, posteriorly ;
scales smooth. (Dum. and Bibron.)

Cnemidophorus undtjlatus,* nob.

Sp. char. Body of moderate size ; tail very long ; head brownish above ; upper
part of body with three or four longitudinal bands of black with irregular mar-
gins ; interspaces yellowish, with a tinge of red in some specimens ; sides mar-
gined with black and white or light yellow ; tail black and light yellow, present-
ing numerous transverse rows of rhomboidal carinated scales ; upper part of
extremities same color as sides of body; under surface silvery grey, with a
number of minute black spots upon the abdomen, throat and chin ; tail round,
moderately thick at base, tapering to a point ; 20 pores very distinct ; 8 rows
scales upon the abdomen.

Dimensions. Length of head 1 inch ; greatest breadth posteriorly half an inch ;
of head, neck and body 3k inches ; of anterior extremities % inch ; of foot to ex-
tremity of longest toe half an inch; of posterior extremities 1 inch ; of foot to
extremity of longest toe 1 inch ; of tail 7 inches ; total length 111 inches.

Habitat. Near Fort Yuma, in San Joachim Valley.

Gen. observ. Cnemidophorus perplexus, according to Profs. Baird and Girard,
has seven longitudinal yellowish lines along the back ; in all the specimens above
described, five in number, there are but four. Profs. Baird and Girard state that
in some specimens of Cnemidophorus tigris, " four longitudinal yellow stripes
may be seen extending from the occiput to the base of the tail, and occasionally
a little distance on the latter. In the young state the black patches predominate,
unite, and form as it were the ground color, and the yellow constitutes irregular
small spots." Vide Sta?isbury's Report, Appendix C. p. 339.

From the undulating longitudinal dark lines along the back.

1854.] 95

The total length of Say's Ameiva tesselata is 1 foot, tail 8J inches, in
this respect corresponding very well with the above, but none of the specimens
present the tesselated appearance described by Say, the ' transverse lines
dividing the whole surface in a tesselated manner."

Eumeces, Wiegmann,

Sp. char. Two supero-nasals contiguous ; internasal much more extended in
the lateral than antero-posterior direction, its internal margins in contact with
the anterior frenal ; two fronto-nasal, contiguous, lateral border in contact with
the posterior frenal ; frontal hexagonal, elongated, broader anteriorly ; fronto-
parietal rhomboidal, placed obliquely ; inter-parietal broad, with an acute angle
in front, passing in between the fronto-parietals ; parietals oblong, quadrilateral ;
four supra-orbitals ; a small naso-frenal : an anterior and posterior frenal, the
latter much larger ; twelve rows of smooth hexagonal scales upon the back, be-
ginning with those marked by the lateral vitta.

Color. Shining black or brown above, with four bluish vittae, the two in-
ternal broader than the others, commencing about midway upon the sides of the
head immediately over the eyes, and extending along the back and terminating
upon the tail ; the lateral ones commence at the anterior margin of the orbit,
and passing beneath it, extend upon the sides and are lost upon the tail ; chin
and throat whitish ; abdomen and under part of tail slate color ; under surface of
extremities whitish.

Dimensions. Length of head f inch ; breadth \ inch ; length of body and tail
4? inches; of tail 2 3-8ths inches; of anterior extremities inch; of posterior
| inch.

Habitat. Lower California, near Mohave River, and in San Bernardino Valley.

OPHIDIANS.

Rhinostoma occipitale, nob.

Char. Teeth of equal length, posterior ones not channelled ; head depressed,
eyes small ; a rostral, two anterior and two posterior frontals; one anterior and
two posterior oculars; a vertical ; two occipitals ; a small frenal ; nostrils in a
single plate ; seven superior labials, the eye resting on the third and fourth.
Abdom. scuta, 158 ; subcaud. 34.

Coloration. Milk white above with 41 transverse black bands, including
seven upon tail and one upon posterior part of head ; six complete rings upon
tail ; throat and abdomen white ; under part of tail white, with transverse bands
continuous with those upon back of tail ; 15 rows of smooth quadrangular scales.

Dimensions Length of head 4 lines, breadth 2 lines; of body 9 inches 9
lines; of tail, 1 inch 7 lines; total length, 9 inches.

Hab. Mohave Desert.

Gen. Remarks, This serpent resembles no other as yet figured in N. Ame-
rica, and is therefore easily recognized. In the genus Sonora of Prof. Baird and
Girard, there are, according to them, three postoculars, and two nasal plates on
each side with the nostril between them. In Sonora semiannulata there are
twenty-five transverse black bands upon the body, and six complete rings upon
the tail. The rings in Col. (Zacholus) zonatus of Blainville completely sur-
round the body. The nostrils, according to Blainville, open between two plates,
but Wagler has them each in a single plate, " in medio scutelli sitis," in his defi-
nition of Zacholus. Wagler, however, cites Col. Riccioli, Metaxa Serp. Rom.
as appearing to belong to this genus, " scheint als gattung zu gehoren," but C.
Bonaparte represents the nostrils as placed in the commissure between two scuta
M gli narici sono situate alia eommissura di duo scutelli nasali." Blainville
represents two black half rings upon the head. Zacholus zonatus is probably
allied to Coronella balteata.

Crotalus cerastes, nob.
Sp. Char. Head covered with polygonal tubercles, larger in front, the latter
in three rows; two small quadrangular plates on each side, between the nostril
and the vertical rostral ; two quadrangular internasals ; external border of supra-

96 [June,

ciliary plates developed, so as to present two horn-like processes, one on each
side of the head at their middle; nostrils small; pits between the eyes and nos-
trils large ; twenty rows of carinated scales, the inferior rows near the abdomen
smooth; body slender, much compressed; tail very short, with three or four
rattles.

Coloration. Head ash color above, a black band running from the posterior
margin of the orbit to within a line of the occiput ; a series of forty-one transverse
brownish bands, yellow in the centre, along the back; general color of animal
above light yellow; several transverse bands upon the tail ; under surface light
yellow, slightly clouded with spots near the external margin of the abdomen;
abdom. scut. 146 ; two rows of bifid post-abdom. scutell. ; 14 single caudal scuta ;
three inferior rows bifid.

Dimensions. Length of head 5 lines; greatest breadth 4 lines; length of body
8 and 3-8th inches; of tail, | ; total length 9| inches.

Hab Borders of the Mohave river, and in the desert of the Mohave, always
in the dry sandy soil, with no vegetation whatever. Maximum size one foot
and a half; occurs in large numbers, and is also seen in the Desert of the Colo-
rado, but is much less abundant, Dr. Heermann not having observed it ihere.
The river Mohave spreads itself out in the desert and there loses itself, and upon
the floating sand hills near it these animals are found. The Crolalus Lecontii
is never seen with them. The Mohave empties into a salt lake about 15 miles
in extent.

Gen. Remarks. I supposed that this animal might be the young of Crotalus
Lecontii, but Dr. Heermann informs me that the Lecontii is never found with
it, and that it never attains to more than a foot and a half in length, and always
presents the horn-like processes above described. It would appear to be the
representative of the Vipera Cerastes of Africa, and is found, like that serpent,
in desert and sandy regions, and is also slow and sluggish in its movements.
The genus Cerastes, proposed by Wagler and adopted by Dumeril and Bibron, it
would appear should be dropped and Vipera substituted.

BATRACHIANS.

Rana nigricans, nob.

Sp, char. Remarkable for its size ; color uniform, dark brown, with numerous
small black spots, and large blotches interspersed over the surface ; sides some-
what lighter, marked with black; anterior extremities dark brown, or ash color
above, blotched with black ; posterior of same color, with numerous transverse
black bands; chin, throat and abdomen straw color, shaded with brown; under
surface of extremities yellowish, marked with black.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body, 4 inches; greatest breadth of
head, If inches; length of anterior extremities, 1| inches: of foot anteriorly to
extremity of longest toe, 1 inch; of posterior extremity, 5 inches; length of hind
foot, If inches ; of foot posteriorly to distal end of longest toe, 2| inches.

Hab. El Paso Creek.

Gen. Observations. This species is remarkable for the great length of its
posterior extremities; allied to Rana Draytoni, Baird and Girard, but the
posterior extremities appear to be longer.

Hyla nebulosa, nob.

Sp. char. Uniform light grey upon the upper part of the body and sides ;
snout light ash ; a considerable number of dark colored subcircular spots about
a line in diameter, scattered over the upper part of the body and upon the sides ;
extremities ash color above, with greyish spots; abdomen greenish yellow; chin
light yellow; under surface of extremities orange colored; abdomen and under
surface of extremities granulated.

Dimensions. Length of head, neck and body, If inches; greatest breadth of
head, | inch; length of anterior extremities, If inches; of posterior extremities
2 and 3-8th inches to extremity of longest toe.

Hab. Tejon Pass.

1854.] 97

Gen. Remarks. Is a much smaller animal than Hyla versicolor, and the mark-
ings are very different. The back is much less abundantly covered with warts,
and the superciliary ridges which are so much developed in versicolor, are but
slightly so in this species. The extremities are much more slender in the latter,
and the tibia is of nearly equal length with the thigh, but in versicolor it is
about a line shorter.

Hyla scapularis, nob.

Var. hypochondriaca.

Char.Oi a uniform pale olive, color above without spots, paler toward the
sides; numerous small, elevated smooth points upon the surface, resembling
tubercles; upper surface of extremities pale olive; a narrow dark colored vitta,
extending from the anterior margin of the eye to the snout; another much
broader from the posterior margin of the eye to the shoulder ; margin of upper
jaw of same color as the vitta ; posterior part of abdomen and under surface of
extremities orange colored ; chin and throat whitish ; abdomen thickly granulated.

Dimensions. Length of head and body, \h inches; of head f ; breadth f ;
length of anterior extremities, f ; of posterior, If.

Hab Tejon Pass.

Gen. Remarks. It will be observed that it wants the squalus toothed mark
upon the head, and the markings upon the back, which belong to scapularis.

The specimens above described, with numerous others already known, and a
large number of rare fishes, birds and plants, and many insects, were collected
by Dr. Heermann, Naturalist to the Government Expedition for the exploration
of a route for the Pacific Railroad, and afford the best evidence of the zeal and
untiring industry of our esteemed fellow member. Through his efforts in great
part the Herpetology of California is now almost, if not quite, as well known as
that of Pennsylvania.

On a genus and species of Serpent from Honduras, presttmed to be new.

By Edward Hallo well, M. D.

MICROPHIS.

Char. Head of moderate size, short, depressed in the middle, covered
with nine plates ; snout rounded ; nostrils between the nasal and anterior frontal
plates ; a frenal; one antocular ; two posterior oculars ; seven superior labials,
the eye resting on the third and fourth; eyes of moderate size, pupil round;
supraciliary plate not projecting over the eye ; tail of moderate length.

Microphis quinqueliniatus, nob.

Sp. char. Head, body and tail above ash color ; five dark blue stripes ex-
tending from the occiput to the base of the tail, the three intermediate ones
broader than the lateral; the other stripes prolonged upon the tail, the middle
one to near its extremity ; 17 rows of smooth quadrangular scales ; 170 abdom.
scuta; two bifid preabdom.; 33 subcaudal.

Dimensions. Length of head 6-8ths inch; breadth posteriorly 4-8ths inch ;
length of body 17 inches ; of tail 2 inches 5-8ths ; circumference 1 inch 3-8ths ;
total length 1 foot 8 inch 3-8ths.

Habitat. Honduras, South America. Two specimens presented to Museum
of the Academy, by Dr. Woodhouse.

Gen. Remarks. This serpent has the general characters of Coronella,but the
nostrils open between the anterior frontal and nasal plates, insiead of the nasal
and internasal, the two being fused into one plate. We have, therefore, pro-
posed for it the generic name given above, although not disposed to attach much
importance to minor considerations of this kind in the determination of genera.

98 [June,

Remarks on the Geographical distribution of Reptiles, with descriptions of
several species supposed to benew y and corrections of former papers*

By Edward Hallowell, M. D.

Genus Euprepis.

Gen. character. Nostrils in the posterior part of the nasal plate ; two super-
nasals ; palate with a triangular furrow, more or less profound ; scales carinated;
pterygoid teeth. (Dum. and Bib.)

Euprepis striata, nob .

Sp. character. Nasal plates well developed, two super-nasal contiguous ; an
internasal ; two fronto-nasal wide apart ; a frontal broad in front, narrow poste-
riorly ; two fronto-parietal, more or less quadrilateral, contiguous ; an inter-pa-
rietal very narrow posteriorly, broad with an acute angle in front; two parietals,
no occipital ; two freno-nasal, and two freno-orbital plates ; head brownish above
in front, and upon the sides, blackish posteriorly ; ground color of body and tail
above deep black, the middle of each scale dusky white, the back and tail pre-
senting therefore numerous alternating lines and bands of black and white ;
upper surface of extremities blackish with white spots ; sides of body marked
with black and dusky white and brown ; chin, throat, abdomen, under surface of
extremities and tail silvery white j 21 rows of strongly carinated scales ; the
greater number of these scales present each five carinas upon the surface.

Dimensions. Length of head 13 lines ; breadth 8 lines ; length of neck and
body 3f inches ; of tail 4i inches ; of anterior extremities 1 inch 4 lines ; of pos-
terior 1 inch 6 lines ; total length 9 inches 4 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, western coast of Africa. Two specimens in museum, pre-
sented by Dr. Henry A. Ford. There is in the Academy another specimen of
this genus from the same locality, described by me some years ago as Plestiodon
Harlani. It is a much larger animal and it differs from the present species
greatly in its coloring, being uniformly yellowish brown above with distinct
bars of dark blown upon the sides. The scales in Harlani are tricarinate. I
have not been able to discover pterygoid teeth in either of these animals.

Pachydactylus tristis, nob.

Sp. character. Color above yellowish, with numerous brownish lines upon
the upper surface of the tail ; throat, abdomen, under surface of extremities and
tail yellowish; body and extremities covered above with granulations; abdomen
with smooth scales ; granulations upon under surface of the tail larger for the
most part than those upon upper ; nostril plate quadrangular, two small plates
immediately above it ; head covered with small granulations.

Dimensions. Length of head 11 lines ; of body to vent 2 inches 5 lines; from
vent to extremity of tail 2 inches 4 lines ; total length 5 inches 6 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Specimen in museum presented by
Dr. Goheen.

Cgelopeltis, Wagler.

Gen. character. Head sub-distinct, ovate, quadrangular ; rostrum narrow,
acute, furrowed in front of the eyes, supra-orbitar plates projecting considerably;
eyes oblong, rotund; pupil round ; vertical scute long, narrow; scales not densely
approximated, lanceolate, concave ; abdomen and under part of tail rounded ;
two posterior oculars, one anterior, one loral, quadrate. (Europe and Africa.)

CCELOPELTIS VIRGATA, nob .

Sp. character. Color uniform, brown above, reddish upon the sides, and to a
certain extent upon the abdominal scuta ; middle portion of abdominal scuta
straw color; two narrow yellowish vittae upon each side of the head, the supe-
rior passing immediately over the eye ; scales smooth, 23 rows ; entire length
1 foot 8 inches, (Fr.) length of tail 3 inches; abdom. scuta 192, subcaudal 55.

Habitat. Liberia, west coast of Africa. Two specimens in museum of
Academy, presented by Dr. Ford.

1854.] 99

Fam. VIPERIDtE.

Gen. Brachycranion, Hallowell.

Gen. char. Head short and thick, covered with seven plates, exclusive of the
rostral, viz., one pair of frontal, a vertical, two supra-orbitar, and two occipitals,
one ant-orbitar and one post-orbitar ; margin of orbit formed by supra-ocular, pos-
terior and anterior oculars, and superior margin of fourth labial plate. Subcaudal
plates single; palatal, but, with the exception of the fangs, no mandibular teeth.

Brachycranion corpulentum.

Sp. char. Occipitals subquadrangular ; four supero-labials ; one large tempo-
ral plate immediately behind post-ocular ; scales smooth, quadrangular, 25 rows;
color shining black above, brownish beneath ; 182 abdominal scuta ; 25 sub-
caudal.

Dimensions. Length of head i an inch, breadth 5 lines ; length of body 1 foot
6 inches ; of tail 2 inches ; circumference 1 inch 8 lines.

Habitat. Liberia, W. coast of Africa. Presented by Dr. Ford to the Academy.

Gen. observ. The vipers among venomous serpents are characterized chiefly
by the absence of forsettes behind the nostrils, and the presence of a double row
of plates under the tail. In the greater number, the head is covered with scales
as upon the body ; in others there are also plates of various forms, and irregularly
disposed, as in Vipera berus, while others have upon the head smooth and regu-
larly formed plates, like those of Coluber and the genus Sepedon of Merrem. In
others the subcaudal plates are bifid toward the anus, and single near the ex-
tremity of the tail, or alternately single and bifid as in Acanthophis.

Bungarus, a genus of Colubriform venomous serpents inhabiting Asia, has a
dorsal row of hexagonal scales larger than the others, with nine plates upon the
head and single plates under the tail. Elaps has nine plates upon the head, but
the plates under the tail are bifid. In the animal under consideration there are,
as above stated, but seven plates upon the head exclusive of the rostral, there
being but one pair of frontals (two in Elaps, Acanthophis and Bungarus) and
single plates under the tail. These characteristics, with the peculiar form of
the head and the presence of fangs, are such as to give it a distinct generic cha-
racter different from those of any of the serpents with which I am acquainted.
The appearance of Brachycranion corpulentum is very repulsive. Since the
above was written, I have observed in the work of Dr. Andrew Smith,* on the
Zoology of South Africa, the description and figure of a reptile which resembles
the one just described, to which the name Atractaspis Bibronii has been given.
The body in Atractaspis Bibronii is much more slender, is longer, but the tail
is shorter. The shape of the head in the figure is very different, giving one the
impression of a harmless serpent, as Dr. Smith at first supposed it to be, that of
the other induces at once a strong suspicion of its venomous character. There
are but twenty rows of scales in Bibronii, and the general color of the body and
tail is intermediate between blackish green and orange colored brown. The
fangs in Corpulentum also differ from those of Bibronii in their dimensions,
being not more than half the length of those in the figure of Bibronii. Like them,
they do not appear to be capable of complete erection. Upon the upper surface
of the tail in Corpulentum, along the median line near its middle, is a row of six
broad scales and four others near the tail, somewhat similar in appearance to
those upon the back in Dipsas.

Cham.eleo gracilis, Hallowell, Journal Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. viii. pi. 18. A
good species. It differs considerably in its general appearance from Chama?leo
dilepis of Leach, of which there are three specimens in the collection presented
by Dr. Henry A. Ford, of Liberia. One of these on being opened was found to
contain more than a dozen eggs. I thought at one time that possibly Ch. gra-
cilis might be the female of Ch. dilepis.

* Zoology of South Africa, by Andrew Smith, M.D., Reptiles, pi. 71.

100 [June,

Euprepis Harlani, nob.

Syn. Plestiodon Harlani, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 170.

Boa Liberiensis, nob. Abdom. scut. 237, subcaud. plates single, 53 50 ; Ion
gitudinal rows of scales.
Syn. Python Liberiensis, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. ii. p. 249.

Dipsas Blandingii, Hall., Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 170.

Anterior teeth of lower jaw much larger than the others. Two teeth, one on
each side in posterior part of upper maxilla provided, each with a sheath, and
channelled anteriorly ; four rows of teeth in the upper jaw, two in the lower.
Seventeen rows of scales. Two anterior oculars, two posterior ; a loral ; nostrils
between two plates, occipital large. Abdom. scuta 273. Subcaud. 131. Length
of head, 1 inch 5 lines ; of head and body 4 feet ; of tail 1 foot (Fr.) 2h inches.
Schlegel remarks that the mode of dentition in Dipsas cynodon is unique in the
genus, having one or more teeth much longer'than the rest at the posterior part
of the upper maxilla, others equally longer being found at the anterior extremity
of the inferior maxilla and of the palatal bone. It will be observed that a simi-
lar arrangement exists in Dipsas Blandingii, although the animals differ greatly
from each other. Triglophodon ? Dumeril. Prodromus, class, des Ophid.

Psammophis Phillipsii, nob.

Syn. Coluber Phillipsii, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 169.

A very well characterized species of Psammophis. Jaws very dilatable,
several teeth in the anterior part of the lower jaw longer than the others ; in the
upper maxilla on each side two long teeth posteriorly, and two near the middle;
teeth unequal ; four first followed apparently by an interval, then the two ante-
rior long ones ; scales lanceolate, smooth, intermediate ones more narrow.

Psammophis Phillipsii differs greatly from Psammophis moniliger of the Cape.
The two longitudinal rows of black spots are wanting in Phillipsii, and the
latter is a much larger animal ; 15 rows of scales.

CORONELLA TRIANGULARIS, nob.

Syn. Col. leevis, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc, vol. ii. p. 118.

17 rows of smooth scales, 21 in Coronella laevis. This animal has a general
resemblance to the Coronella laevis, (pi. 12, Amphibia, Fauna Pontica) but the
markings are very different, as is also the number of rows of scales. The tail
is also longer. It may be considered as the representative of the Coronella laevis
in Western Africa.

Leptophis smaragdina, Boie.

Sy?i. Dendrophis smaragdina, Schlegel. Leptophis gracilis, Hall. Proc
Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii, p. 60. Fifteen rows of strongly carinated scales; an-
terior frontals rather longer than the posterior ; nostrils between two plates;
one long and narrow loral on each side; one ant-orbitar, two posterior orbitars;
eight superior labials on the right side, nine on the left ; inferior margin of
orbit formed by the 4th and 5th on the right, and by the 5th and 6th on the
left side of the head ; posterior teeth not channelled. Since the above was
read, we have received Vol. vii. part 1, of the Herpetologie generale, ou histoire
naturelle complete des reptiles, par M. Dumeril, in which I observe that this
animal has been placed in the genus Leptophis by that eminent herpetologist.
This genus, as characterized by him, includes serpents with scales, sometimes
carinated and sometimes smooth, a conclusion which we ourselves had also
arrived at the carination of the scales was added by Wagler. Proc Acad.
Nat. Sci., Dec, 1852, p. 203.

Leptophis viridis Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 172. This is the
young of Dinophis Hammondii. Journal Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., New
Series, Part iv., p. 301, pi. 29.

Dryophis Kirtlandi, nob.

Syn. Leptophis Kirtlandi, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 62. Length of
largest specimen 4 feet 2 inches; of tail, 1 foot 7 inches; scales carinated. In
the posterior part of the upper jaw, on each side, is a tooth much longer than

1854.] 101

the others, and channelled anteriorly; 13 rows of scales, four upon the back
carinated, the marginal row near The abdomen larger than the others. Of this
species there are five specimens in the, collection of the Academy, three
from Dr. Savage, and two fully grown from Dr. Ford. These specimens illus-
trate very well the inconstancy of certain plates about the head in serpents.
In one the loral plates are entirely absent, the posterior frontal passing down to
join the superior labial plates ; in a second of the smaller specimens there are two
lorals on each side ; in a third there are two on one side (the left) and one on
the other ; in one of the larger specimens there are two on each side, and in the
other, two on the left and one on the right.* Wagler, in his definition of the
characters of the genus Dryophis states that there is no loral plate, the posterior
frontals passing down along the side of the head, and coming in contact with
tbe superior labials.

Causus rhombeatus, Wagler. Natur. System, der Amphib. p. 172.

Naja rhombeata, Schlegel. Physiognomie des serpens, Vol. ii., p. 483, pi.
xvii, figs. 12 and 13.

Sepedon rhombeatus, Lichtenstein. Berlin. Dub. Verz. 1823, S. 106.

Scheuzer. Phys. Sacr. t. 717, p. 1.

Vipera V. nigrum, Cuvier. Reg. Anim. T. ii., p. 92, n. 4.

Distichurus maculatus, Hallowell. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 8, pi. 19
(young).

The genus Distichurus was based, very improperly, upon a single specimen ;
and the characters in that were not of sufficient importance to establish a genus.
The plates toward the extremity of the tail are not constantly single. In
one out of four specimens which we have, they are bifid. In Crotalus the plates
toward the extremity of the tail are sometimes bifid, and in Trigmocephalus
also.

BUFO MACULATUS, nob.

Syn. Bufo cinereus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. ii., p. 169. The name
cinereus has long been applied by Schneider, Daudin, Merrem and others to the
Bufo vulgaris of Europe. Bufo maculatus resembles somewhat Bufo pan-
therinus, but differs from it, according to the description of Dumeril and Bibron,
in the size of its tympanum, the breadth of which is considerably larger than
the length of the upper eyelid. The form and arrangement of the markings
differ greatly from those in the plate of Ruppel.

The Herpetology of Africa has as yet been but too imperfectly studied to
enable us to comprehend the geographical distribution of the reptiles of this vast
continent. The labors of Dr. Smith have left but little to be desired for the
illustration of the southern part of it, and Ruppell has given good dpscriptions
and drawings of a number of reptiles in N. Africa and Abyssinia. These, with
the great work on E<*ypt, and the late production of M. Bianconi, on the Natural
History of Madagascar, constitute the most reliable sources of information
appertaining to this subject. Let us hope that our own government will do for
the natural history of Western Africa what the English government has done
for that of the Southern portion of this great continent.

The reptiles common to both Northern and Western Africa, so far as we
know, are Agama colonorum, Chamasleo dilepis (bilobus) Kinixis belliana
Echidna arietans, Naja haj.,var. black, Vipera (cerastes) nasicornis, the genera

This inconstancy is observed in other genera. In Hydrus pelamoides the
frenal shield observed by M. Schlegel was not present in four individuals, ex-
amined in the Straits of Malacca : in all Hydri the shields of the head are liable
to considerable individual varieties of form (Cantor)* "Hydrus bicolor
Schneider a frenal shield has been observed in some individuals, but it was
absent in that examined in the Straits of Malacca, nor does it exist in the speci-
mens in the Museum of the Asiatic Society." p. 135. "In Dryinus prasinus,
Reinwardt, there are two, sometimes three frenals on each side." p. 83.

* Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and Islands, collected or observed \y
Theodore Cantor, Esq., M.D., Bengal Medical Service, 1847.

9

102 [June,

Pachydactylus, and Onychocephalus, and Causus rhombeatus. The genera Uro-
mastyx and Stellio are found in Northern, but do not appear to exist in S. Africa.
The study of the geographical distribution of animals, and especially of reptiles,
presents many very remarkable facts. Some species appear to have a very
wide distribution, others a very local. The Cistudo Carolina, for example, is
found in almost every part of the United States, but Emys Muhlenbergii and
Testudo polyphemus have a very limited range, the one being known only in a
small portion of the Northern States and the other of the Southern. The spe-
cies of reptiles of the United States are entirely different from those of Europe,
but there are a number of genera common to both ; among these are Testudo,
-Emys, Coronella, Tropidonotus, Psammophis, Coluber, Rana, Bufo, Salamandra.

The genera Crotalus, Trigonocephaly or Elaps, all of which exist in the United
States, are not found in Europe, but the venomous serpents are replaced by the
viper, of which there are several species none of which are found with us, the
serpent called viper in the U. States being a Heterodon, a very harmless animal.
The viper is common in England but does not exist in Ireland, neither does
the genus Bufo. Some genera are very limited in their distribution, being found
in certain localities and nowhere else. Thus Amphiuma and Siren are found
in the Southern States; Menopoma, in the West and South; Menobranchus, in
the Western waters of the United States; Phrynosoma in New Mexico and
Texas ; Anota, of which but two specimens have yet been discovered, and
Homalosaurus in the Desert of the Colorado; Holbrookia or Cophosaurus in Texas;
Platysaurus, in Southern Africa ; Hypochthoon in lllyria.

The species on the East and West Coast of South America differ almost en-
tirely from each other. The genus Proctotretus, comprising numerous species,
is found only in Peru. Other genera have a much wider distribution, but are con-
fined to certain large portions of the globe. Thus the Boas exist for the most
part in South America, the Pythons in Africa. According to Schlegel, no spe-
cies of serpent is found in all parts of the world, the Tortrix not an exception,
not being known in the United States. Gerrhosaurus is found in California, there
being but one species known in that State, but there are six species of the same
genus in Mexico, and six others, all described by Dr. Smith, exist at the Cape
of Good Hope.

My friend, Professor Baird, informs me that he has recently received, from
the We ? tern portion of the United States, a specimen of Dipsas, a genus of ser-
pents not hitherto known to inhabit the United States. The genera Chamaeleo,
Euprepis, Eremias, Cordylus, Gecko, Hemydactylus, Ptyodactylus, Stenodac-
tylus, Phyllodactylus, Acanthodactylus, Zonurns, Varanus, are entirely unknown
in the United States, nor are there any true Lacertae. Among fresh water tor-
toises, the Emydes of the United States are very numerous, Prof. Holbrook having
figured as many as seventeen species ; they occur., also, in great numbers in In-
dia, twelve species having been described by Dumeril and Bibron, in their great
work on Reptiles. It is very remarkable, however, that but one species of
Emys, the Emys spengleri, of which we have the shell only in the Academy,
has been described as existing in the whole continent of Africa, whereas the
tortoises in the Southern portion of that country are numerous. Two species
of Sternothaerus are described as belonging to the island of Madagascar, the
niger and nigricans. We have the shell of one from Western Africa, which
probably belongs to the latter species. Among serpents the genus Tropidonotus
has a very wide range, being found more or less abundantly in almost every part
of the globe except Africa and Australia. The genus Trigonocephalus is not found
in Africa, but the vipers in that quarter of the globe are numerous, no less than
six species being described by Dr. Smith as inhabiting S. Africa, viz.: Echidna
arietans, atropos, atropoides, inornata, and Cerastes cornulus and ocellatus. To
these may be added the Vipera nasicofnis, or Natter Jack, which is found both
in Southern and Western Africa. Among the most remarkable of serpents are
those comprised in the genus Hydrophis. They are sea serpents, and <k inhabit
exclusively the inter-tropical latitudes of the Indian seas and of the great Pa-
cific Ocean."

It has been a matter of doubt whether these animals are poisonous or not; but

1854.] 103

Dr. Cantor, in a paper published in the Zoological Transactions of London,
asserts positively that they are, and recent observations made by Dr. Burnet
of Boston, have confirmed his statements. The tree snakes are not found in
Europe, neither are the Calamars, nor Lycodons and Heterodons. The Bungari
inhabit Ceylon, India, Bengal and Java. The Basilisk is found in Celebes, Am-
boina and the Phillipine Isles; Dilophyrus in India and the Malayan Peninsula.*
No species of Coronella is said to exist in New Holland (Schlegel.) Eryx is
found only in the East.

" Only one species of mammal is indigenous to the Gallapagos Islands, viz,, a
large and peculiar kind of mouse; but the number of lizards, tortoises and
snakes is so great that it may be called a land of reptiles. The variety indeed
of species is small, but the individuals of each are in great abundance. There
is a turtle, a large tortoise, (Testudo indicus,) four lizards, and about the same
number of snakes, but no frogs or toads. Belonging to the family Iguanidae, Bell,
are two species of Amblyrhynchus, one terrestrial, the -other marine ; the marine
species is extremely common on all the islands throughout the Archipelago. It
lives exclusively on the rocky sea beaches, and is never seen even ten yards
inland. The usual length is about a yard, but there are some even four feet long.
It is of a dirty black color, sluggish in its movements on the land, but when in
the water it swims with perfect ease and quickness by a serpentine movement
of its body and flattened tail, the legs during this time being motionless and
collapsed on its sides. Its limbs and strong claws are admirably adapted for
climbing over the rugged and fissured masses of lava which everywhere form
the coast. In such situations a group of six or seven of these hideous reptiles
may oftentimes be seen on the black rocks, a few feet above the sea, basking in
the sun with outstretched legs. Their stomachs, on being opened, are found
to be largely distended with minced seaweed, of a kind which grows at the
bottom of the sea, at some little distance from the coast. To obtain this the
lizards go out to sea in shoals. One of these animals was sunk in salt water
from the ship, with a heavy weight attached to it, and on being drawn up again,
after an hour, it was quite active and unharmed. It is not known by the inhabi-
tants where this animai lays its eggs ; a singular fact, considering its abundance,
and that the natives are well acquainted with the eggs of the terrestrial Amllyr-
hynehusf which is also herbivorous.' 5 Lyell's Geology, p. 280; Darwin's
Journal, ch. xix. The Amblyrhynchus inhabits also S. America.

In the Island of Cuba are found the following genera: Emys (decussata and
rugosa, Shaw) Crocodilus (rhombifer and acutus,) Holotropis, Cyclura, Anolis,
Acanthophis, Chamaeleolis, Hemydactylus, Sphaeriodactylus, Gymnodactylus,
Amphisbaena, Typhlops,Tropidophis, Leionotui, Epicrates,Calamaria, Coluber,
Phyllobates, Trachycephalus, Bufo. The greater part of these genera are
unknown in the United States.

In Mexico there exist a number of very remarkable types, differing entirely
from those of our own country, viz., the genus Heloderma (horridum,) Cyclura
(denticulata and punctata,) Corythseolus (vittatus,) Chamaeleopsis (Hernandesii) ;
besides these are several species of genera belonging to our fauna, viz., Scelo-
porus (torquatus, formosus, spinosus, and others,) and six species of Gerrhonotus.f

The following remarks are made by Prof. Agassiz : "It has been already
stated that the present distribution of animals agrees with the distribution of
extinct types belonging to earlier geological periods, so that the laws which
regulate the geographical distribution of animals seem to have been the same at
all times, though modified in accordance with the successive changes which the
animal kingdom has undergone, from the earliest period of its creation to the
present day. The universal law is that all animals are circumscribed within
definite limits. There is not one species which is uniformly spread all over the
globe, either among the aquatic races or among the terrestrial ones. The special

* For plate of Dilophyrus grandis (Gray) see Cantor, pi. xx. p. 34.

f The most important facts in regard to the geographical distribution of rep-
tiles are contained in the great work of Dumeril and Bibron, by far the most
complete and useful on general herpetology that has yet been published.

104 [June,

adaptation of animals to certain districts is not merely limited to the individual
species. We observe a similar adaptation among genera, entire families, and even
whole classes. For instance, all Polypi, Medusae and Echinoderms, that is to say,
all Radiata, without exception, are aquatic. That large group of animals has not
a single representative upon any part of the surface of the globe, and during all
periods of the existence of our earth we find that they have been limited to that
liquid element. And they are not only aquatic, they are chiefly marine; but
exceedingly few of them are found in fresh waters. Among mollusca we find
almost the same adaptation ; their element also is the sea. The number of fresh
water species is small, compared with that of marine types ; and we find terres-
trial species in only one of these classes. In former periods also mollusca were
chiefly marine ; fluviatile and terrestrial types occurring only in more recent
periods." p. 195. The number of " marine species of fishes is far greater than
of the fresh water kinds. Among reptiles there are many which are aquatic,
either throughout life, or through the earlier period of their existence. But as if
animal life rose to higher organization as it leaves the ocean to inhabit dry land
or fresh waters, we find that the greater number of the aquatic reptiles are fiu-
vialile and but a few marine." The four great types, Radiata, Mollusca, Articu-
lataand Vertebrata were introduced at the beginning simultaneously. However,
the earliest representatives of all these great types were aquatic. We find in
the lowest beds which contain fossils, polypi, together with star fishes, bivalve
shells, univalve chambered shells, cases of worms and Crustacea, b?ing at least
representatives of seven of nine classes of invertebrate animals, if we are not al-
lowed to suppose that medusas existed also, and if insects were still wanting for
a time. But in addition to these, fishes among vertebrata are introduced, but
fishes only, all of which are exclusively marine. At a somewhat later period
insects come in. We find next reptiles in addition to fishes, the lower classes or
invertebrates, continuing to be represented through all subsequent epochs, but by
species changing gradually at each period, as all classes do after they have been
once introduced. The first representatives among reptiles are marine, next huge
terrestrial ones, some perhaps flying types, and with them, and perhaps even
before, the birds, allied to the wading tribes. Still later mammalia, beginning
again with marine and huge terrestrial types, followed by the higher quadru-
peds. And lastly, man, at the head of the creation in time as well as in emi-
nence, by structure, intelligence, and moral endowments." Geographical Dis-
tribution of Animals, p. 197.

For reliable plates illustrating genera and species of reptiles, vide among
other works,

Cuvier, Regne Animal. 4to edit. Paris.

Griffith's Animal Kingdom. Reptilia. London, 1832.

Dumeril et Bibron. Herpetologie generale, ou Histoire Naturelle complete
des Reptiles. Paris, 1834.

Holbrook, North American Herpetology. 5 vols. 4to. Philad., 1842.

Bonaparte, Iconographia Fauna Italica, Roma. 1832 41.

Illustrations of Zoology of Southern Africa, by Andrew Smith, M.D. Rep-
tilia. London, 1849.

Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale et la Crimee, execute sous la direction de
M. Anatole de Demidoff. (Fauna Pontica.) Paris, 1842.

Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale, par Alcide D'Orbigny. Reptiles. Paris,
1847.

De La Sagra, Histoire Naturelle de Pile de Cuba. Fol. Paris.

Atlas zu der Reise im Nordlichen Africa, par Edward Ru'ppell. Frankfort am
Main, 1826.

Neue wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig entdeckt und bes-
chrieben von Dr. Edward Riippell. Frankfurt am Main. 1835 40.

Fauna Caspio-Caucasia, nonnullis observationibus novis, illustravit Edouardus
Eichwald. Petropoli, 1841.

Untersuchungen uber die Fauna Peruana von J. J. M. Tschudi. St. Gallen.
184446.

1854.] 105

Zoolosischer Atlas enthaltend Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer Thie-
rarten, beobachtet von Dr. Fried. Escholtz. Berlin, 1829.

Voyage dans lTnde par Victor Jacquemont. Atlas. Paris, 1844. (Sitane,
Calotes, Chamaeleo vulgaris.)

The Zoolouy of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; edited and superintended by
Charles Darwin, Esq., M.A., F.R S., F.G.S.C, &c. London, 1842.

The Zoology of Capt. Beechy's Voyage. London, 1839.

Guerin. Iconographie du regne animal. Paris, 1829 44.

Faune Franchise. 3 v. 4to. Paris. a

Description of four new species of Viviparous Fishes front Sacramento River, and
the Bay of San Francisco. Read before the California Academy of Natural
Sciences, May 15th, 1854. By W. P. Gibbons, M.D.

Hysterocarpus Traskii, Gibbons.

Body ovate, sub-compressed. Jaws with a single row of conical teeth.
Opercle and preopercle with scales, and with a membrane round the edge.
Dorsal fin commences opposite the pectoral, has seventeen strong curved
spines, the first short, the succeeding ones increasing regularly in length to the
sixth, which is the longest, and eleven articulated rays. The spinous rays lie
in a groove, which conceals the first two ; the remainder project an inch and a
quarter above the scales, and lapping by each other alternately form, in this
position, a double row.

Pectoial subquadrangular, with the lower edge rounded, and the first ray
short and subspinous. First ray of the ventrals shorter than the others, spinous
and curved.

First three rays of the anal fin with short, thick and curved spines, the middle
one largest.

Body arched, the radius of curvature being least along the anterior half of
the dorsum. Facial line about 45 : profile slightly incurved along the line of
the interparietal and frontal bones. Snout protractile, lips thick, lower jaw
longest. Eyes rather large and near the facial outline- Nostrils double,
covered with a valve half way between the anterior edge of the orbit and the
upper lip.

Lateral line nearly concurrent with the back. Scale? large, deciduous.
Smaller on the summit of the head, and on the opercle, at the base of the tail,
anal and ventral fins, and on the space bounded anteriorly by the ventrals and
pectorals.
'Extreme length 6.5 in., width 3 in., weight 2 oz.

Color. Back varying from ash color to dark brown ; irregular black patches,
approximating somewhat to bands, across the sides. Belly lemon yellow,
becoming lighter and blending with the ash color up the sides. Sides, in some,
punctated with black. Dark and yellow patches on the fins. D. 28, P. 18, V. 6,
A. 25 to 28, C 20.

Var. B. Facial line not so angular as the other, head deeper, and less dorsal
curvature.

The anatomy of these fishes is similar to that of the viviparous species
which I have already described, except that the uterus, instead of being bipar-
tite, is ovoid, having but a single umbilical cord, which returns its venous blood
into the portal system. Intestinal canal 6 in. long, enlarged at each extremity.
The specimens of this fish were presented to me for description by my friend, Dr.
J. B. Trask, who obtained them through the kindness of Mr. Morris, from the
lagoons of the Sacramento river, and from the river itself, where they are found
as high up as the fishermen have yet been. They are the first specimens of
the fresh water vivipara that have come to hand.

Hyperprosopon argenteum, Gibbons.

Body compressed, oval. Jaws with a double row of teeth, inner row imper-
fectly developed. Cheeks and opercle scaly, membranous round the edges.

106

[June,

Dorsal fin commences behind the pectorals and ventrals, has eight or nine spinous,
slightly curved rays, first short, half as long as second, second and third half as
long as its succeeding one. Articulated rays 28. Dorsal groove obsolete along
soft rays, the spinous rays projecting above it. Pectoral cuneate, with one very
short subspinous ray. Ventrals with one spinous and five articulated rays ;
connected with the abdomen by a membrane. A space extending from the base
of the ventrals to the vaginal orifice 1 in. wide, free of scales. First three
rays of anal fin spinous^; two rows of fine scales along tbe base of the anterior
third ; the posterior tw% thirds situated in a groove. Nostrils double, anterior
ones closed with a valve.

Back regularly arched, with a slight incurvation in some along the frontal
bone. Curve of the belly greater than that of the back. Latter line com-
mencing at the upper angle of the opercle and nearly concurrent with the
back. Eyes very large, irides white, with a brown crescent above. Lips thin.
Jaws slightly protractile. Upper lip on a line with the superior edge of the
pupil, and with sides nearly vertical when the mouth is open. Head ash color
and dark brown. Back light brown with metallic tints, silver white below
the lateral line ; 22 24 silver white longitudinal stripes. Scales above the
lateral line, around the tail and anal fin smaller than the others. Outer edge
of dorsal membrane, caudal and ventrals darkly punctate. Tips of the ventrals
black. Length, including C. 9| in., width with D. 4.5 ; weight \ lb.; D. 8 to
9 spinous, 26 ramose; P. 1 spinous, 20 24 ramose; A. 3 spinous, 32 ramose; C.
22.

Var. A. Punctatum. Smaller than the above, with sides punctate with black,
head shorter, eyes smaller, dorsal outline more curved and facial outline more
continuous with the curve of the back than the preceding.

Cymatogaster aggregates, Gibbons.

Back slightly arched, lateral line not concurrent with the dorsal outline, belly
curved more than the dorsum. Space behind the ventrals covered with scales.
Head ash color. Body with eight or nine longitudinal stripes of black dots,
commencing below the lateral line and becoming obsolete opposite the end of
the dorsal fin, which are interrupted by three or four lemon colored vertical
bands. Back dark brown with metallic tints. Belly and tail end silver white.
Extreme length 5 in.; width including the dorsal, 2.25 ; weight 2 oz ; D. 21 :
9 spinous, first short, second, third and fourth double the length of its pre-
ceding one ; V. 6, first spinous ; A. 15 or 16, first three short and spinous ;
C. 20 ; P. 20 or 24, first short and spinous.

Cymatogaster minimus, Gibbons.

Back more curved than the preceding ; back brown and with metallic tints,
sides punctate with black, with lemon color patches along the middle. A dif-
fused dark brown or black spot on the dorsal about the end of the spinous rays ;
membranes of the dorsal, the tail and anal punctated black, ventrals yellow at
base, tipped with black; a diffused black patch under the pectorals.

D. 23 or 24, V. 6, A. IS to 20, P. 20 to 24, C. 20. About the same size as the
preceding species.

Var. All the characteristics of the type, but with larger scales and of a
lighter color. Extreme length 6 in., width 3.25.

Of the genus Cymatogaster 1 have already described two species.

Synopsis of the Dermestidce of the United States.

By John L. Le Conte, M. D.

Following the arrangement proposed by Erichson, and introducing one new
genus, Apsectus, our native genera are thus related :

1. Ocellus nullus ....... Dermestes.

2. Ocellus frontalis :

A. Mesosternum angustum ; coxae intermedia? approximate :

(os liberum) . Attagenus.

1854.] 107

B. Mesosternum transversum ; coxae intermediae distantes :

a. Mesosternum bifidum ; os prosterno obtectum ;

Labrum mandibulaeque libera : (ligula dilatata) . Trogoderma.
Labrum solum liberum ;

Fossulae antennales submarginales ; corpus pubescens . Cryptorhopaluivi.
Fossulae antennales marginales ; corpus squamatum . Anthrenus.

b. Mesosternum integrum ;

Tibiae anticae tenues ; corpus longe pilosum . . Apsectu.
Tibiae anticae latiores, os obtegentes : corpus glabrum . Orphilus.

Dermestes Linn.

a. Abdominis articulis tertio quartoque maris medio penicillatis.

1. D. marmoratus, oblongns, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo-
variegatis, hoc punctis tribus ad medium cinereis ornato, elytris cinereo- fulvoque
variegatis, macula magna subhumerali oblonga (angulis prolongatis) cinerea ;
infra candidus, segmento abdomis ultimo lateribusque nigris, illo basi albo-macu-
lato, pedibus nigris, femoribus annulo albo ornatis, antennis piceis. Long. -47.

Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 3, 197.

Nebraska and Texas. The largest of our species, and very distinct by the
large subquadrate cinereous spot just behind the base of the elytra: the outer
margin of the spot is prolonged along the side of the elytra, and extends on the
humerus : the inner anterior angle is prolonged towards the suture, while the
inner posterior an^le is prolonged backwards; excluding the prolongation, this
spot is about one half longer than wide, and the inner prolongation is small
compared with the outer portion, which is one third the length of the elytra : in
the next species the inner prolongation is large, so that the mark appears like
an irregular subbasal fascia, and the spot itself is not longer than wide.

Erichson (Ins. Deutschl. 430, note) gives as synonyms D. caninus Germ., and
D. tesselatns Herbtt. This view appears to me entirely unfounded. The true
marmoratus Say, seems not to be known to the German entomologists. By in-
advertence Erichson also quotes the Trans. Am. Phil. Society, for the original
description of Say.

2. D. Mannerheimii, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo-
variegatis, hoc punctis cinereis tribus ornato, elytris cinereo variegatis, fascia
subbasali extus paulo dilatata cinerea, subtus candidus, abdominis lateribus
segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo-notato, pedibus nigris, femoribus annulo
albo ornatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Long. -31 '37.

Dermestes marmoratus\ Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc, 1843, 258.

San Diego and San Francisco, California. The small size given by Count
Mannerheim, enables his specimens to be referred to this species : its characters
are sufficiently pointed out above. The spot or fascia extends one fourth the
length of the elytra.

3. D. f a s c i a t u s, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque fulvo varie-
gatis, elytris lineolis transversis cinereis fasciaque pone basin lata irregular!
ornatis ; infra candidus, abdominis lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi
albo tripunctato ; antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus cinereo annulatis. Long.
3 35.

New Mexico, Mr. Fendler : also allied to the two preceding, but the fascia
of the elytra is not connected with the base, is not dilated externally, and hardly
even touches the scutel ; the latter as in D. marmoratus and Mannerheimii is
cinereous.

4. D. nu bil u s, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo fu I voque
variegatis, elytris cinereo plus minusve variegatis, scutello densius pubscente ;
infra a lbidus, abdominis lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo bipunc-
tato, femoribus nigris albo annulatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Long. *3 35.

Say, New Ins. of Louisiana, collected by Joseph Barabino, (1832.)

Dermestes dissector Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 115.

Texas, collected by Lieut. Haldeman, and by the Boundary Commision ; also

108 [June,

in Canada (Kirby). The general direction of the markings of the elytra is
transverse, sometimes they are so numerous that the elytra appear dull cinereous,
with a few transverse black lines.

5. D. murinus, oblongus niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo-ful-
voque variegatis, elytris cinereo-variegatis, scutello densius pubescente, infra
albidus, abdomine lateribus segmentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo-bipunc-
tato, antennis nigris. Long. *3.

Linn. Faun. Suec. (synon. vid. Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 429).

Middle and Southern States and Nebraska ; probably imported. This species
differs from the last by the color of the antennae : the markings of the elytra are
less disposed to become confluent.

6. D. s o b r in u s, oblongus, niger, subaequaliter fusco-pubescens, (sparsius
in elytris) ; subtus albidus, abdomine maculis nigris quadruplici serie ornato,
femoribus albo-annulatis, antennis obscure ferrugineis. Lonjj. -32.

One specimen, Texas, Mr. Haldeman. This has entirely the form of D.
nubilus, but the uniform pubescence, and the four abdominal series of spots will
enable it to be readily recognized : the last joint of the abdomen is white, with
two lateral and two fainter internal black spots at the base, corresponding to
the spots on the other segments.

7. D. talpinus, oblongus, niger, pubescens, capite thoraceque cinereo va-
riegatis, pilis fulvis intermixtis, scutello fulvo pubescente, elytris lineolis
angustis transversis cinereis variegatis; subtus albidus, abdominis lateribus seg-
mentoque ultimo nigris, hoc basi albo bimaculato, antennis piceis apice dilutiori-
bus, femoribus albo annulatis. Long. *24 '32.

Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1853, 257.

California and Oregon ; abundant. The lines of the elytra are very narrow,
and occasionally are varied with fulvous hairs : the color appears from the nar-
rowness of the markings much darker than in our Eastern species.

8. D. r a 1 1 u s, oblongus magis elongatus, griseo-pubescens, (maculis denudatis
variegatis) thorace minus subtiliter punctato, subtus albidus, abdomine griseo
nebuloso, antennis nigris. Long. '20'.

One specimen, California, Mr. Child. This species is a little narrower than
the preceding, and from the appearance of the hair of the upper surface looks as
if well preserved specimens would be uniformly pubescent, as in the densely
pubescent varieties of D. murinus. The specimen being a female, I am not
certain that it belongs to this division, but have placed it near those to which it
seems most closely allied. The hairs of the thorax appear slightly intermixed
with fulvous, and the punctures are more distinct than usual. The pectus is
white as usual, but the abdomen is of a dirty clouded white color, becoming
white only at the middle of the base.

9. D. m u c o r e u s, oblongus, magis elongatus, nigro-piceus, pubescens, tho-
race lateribus et apice, elytrisque versus basin densius pubescentibus, subtus
candidus, segmentis abdominis gutta utrinque nigra notatis, (pedibus anten-
nisque piceo-rufis). Long. -23.

One mile from New York. This specimen is evidently immature, but the
white undersurface, marked only with the black lateral spots will enable it to
be recognized : the last segment of the abdomen is white, having only the lateral
spot each side at the base. The femora are not annulated. The appearance is
that of a small D. vulpinus, but the sexual characters are those of the present
group.

10. D. p u 1 c h e r, oblongus, rufus, subtilius cinereo pubescens, elytris nigris
hurneris oblique runs. Long. *25.

Philadelphia, Mr. Newman, in a dead oak tree. A moderately robust species,
uniformly but not densely pubescent, both above and beneath, and very re-
markable by its color. The elytra in some lights show some very faint traces
of striaj behind the middle. Five specimens were found.

1854.] 109

11. D. 1 a r d a r i u s, subcylindricus, niger, pubescens, elytris usque ad
medium dense cinereo pubescentibus, macula utrinque basali punctisque utrinque
tribus nigris notatis. Long. *3 # 32.

Linn. Fauna Suec. (v. Ericbson Ins. Deutschl. 436) ; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am.
115.

A common and destructive insect, whicb we owe to theotber continent. Tha
form of body is longer, more cylindrical, and less pointed than in any of the
preceding species.

12. D. e 1 o n g at u s, elongatus, cylindricus, piceus, aequaliter fusco-pubes-
cens, elytris obsolete striatis, antennis rufo-piceis. Long. -35.

Georgia, rare. Still longer and narrower than D. lardarius, with the hairs
uniformly, but not densely placed, and permitting the punctures to be readily
seen. The elytra show traces of slightly impressed striae along their whole
length.

b. Abdominis articulo quarto maris medio penicellato.

13. D. vulpinus, oblongus, niger, cinereo-pubescens, capite t.horacisque
lateribus densius pubescentibus, elytris apice mucronatis, infra niveus, abdomine
lateribus nigro maculato, segmento ultimo nigro maculis duabus albis notato,
ano fulvo pubescente. Long. 34.

Fabr. Spec Ins. 1, 64, (1781), vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 426. Oliv. Ins. 9, 8,
tab. 1, fig. 6.

Dermeste.i macula-Uts DeGeer, Ins. 4, 223. (1774).

Var. Supra aequaliter dense cinereo-fusco pubescens.

Dermestes Iwpinus Erichson, Weigm. Archiv. (1843), 206. Mann. Bull. Mosc.
(1843), 85.

New York, Nebraska, Texas, California. The variety is quite abundant in
the two localities last mentioned. Erichson describes the last segment of the
abdomen as having a broad black vitta ; as, however, the tip is pubescent, and
the lateral spots also large, it seems more natural to describe it as having two
white spots at the base extending beyond the middle. By comparison with
other species, it will be seen that this is the most common form of marking, and
that in the present species, the spots are merely exaggerated beyond their usual
size. The antennae and feet are piceous, the bases of the thighs, especially of
the posterior pair are covered with white pubescence.

Attagenus Latr.

1. A. p e 1 1 i o, ovalis, niger, supra nigro-pubescens, thorace guttulis tribus ad
basin, elytris gutta utrinque ad medium albo-pilosis, infra cinereo-pubescens,
antennarum basi tarsisque fuscis. Long. 2.

Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. (Mand.) 3, 126 ; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 114.

Dermestes pellio Linn. Faun. Suec. (vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 440).

A common European insect, occurring frequently in New England and Canada.

2. A. m e g a t o m a, ovalis niger, supra dense punctulatus, nigro-pubescens,
antennarum basi pedibusque rufis, subtus fusco-pubescens. Long. -15 25.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 441,

Dermestes megatoma Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 313.

Abundant in houses. Probably imported from Europe. The specimens of
Say's species in Dr. Melsheimer's collection belong here, but Say's description
seems rather to refer to the next species.

3. A. s pu r cu s, ovalis minus convexus piceus, infra et supra fusco-pubescens,
thorace confertim punctulato, pedibus antennisque rufis, his apice fuscis. Long.
17.

? Attagenits cylindricornis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 185.

One female, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Less convex than the
preceding, and easily known by the brown pubescence of the upper surface.
The thorax is twice as wide as long, finely p-inctulate, not very convex, broadly
bisinuate at base, with the posterior angles slightly produced.

Say's description is as follows: 'Body reddish brown, with very numerous

110 [June,

short, ferrujinous, somewhat rigid, sericeous hairs : head blackish with an ob-
scure rufous frontal spot; antennae pale rufous, terminal joint dark brown;
mouth rufous ; thorax nearly as dark as the head ; elytra paler than the thorax ;
beneath piceous black; feet pale rufous.'

4. A. dichrous, ovalis minus convexus, niger, minus dense supra longius
pubescens, thorace parce punctulato, utrinque ad basin impresso, elytris, antennis
pedibusque laete rufis. Long. *16

One male, New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Differs from all the others known to
me by the coarser and longer dark greyish hair of the upper surface ; the last
joint of the antennae is as long as the others united, and is slightly sinuate inter-
nally towards the apex. The thorax is more than twice as wide as long, not
very convex, shining and finely but not densely punctulate ; the base is broadly
bisinuate and impressed, the posterior angles are rounded.

A. cylindricus Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 1 13, tab. 7, fig. 3, is unknown to
me ; it was found near the Rocky Mountains, and is said to have the appearance
of a Cryptophagus.

Trogoderma Latr.

1. T. o r n a t u m, subovale, nigrum, subtus griseo-pubescens, thorace con-
vexo, confertim subtiliter punctulato, pilis cinereis fulvisque variegato, elytris
subtiliter punctulatis, lineis undulatis ferru^ineis, pilisque cinereis et fulvis sub-
fasciatis, antennis tibiis tarsisque rufo-piceis vel fuscis. Long. '14 *17.

Megatoma ornata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 185.

One specimen from Texas, Mr. Lindheimer and others from New York. This
species has precisely the form of the next, but is readily distinguished by the fine
dense punctures of the thorax, and the finer punctures of the elytra. The pubes-
cence of the thorax forms two yellow transverse lines, one near the tip, the
other at the middle, and some basal white spots : that of the elytra, forms three
narrow dentated lines and a basal, irregular spot; the anterior and medial lines
are somewhat connected towards the suture. The club of the antennae is elon-
gated, composed of five points not very loosely articulated in the female, and is
broad and serrate in the male.

2. T. inclusum, subovale, nigrum, thorace convexo, vix punctulato,
pilis sparsis cinereis variegato, elytris minus subtiliter punctulatis fascia lata sub-
basali guttam utrinque nigram includente, lineisqueduabusad suturam connexis
cinereis ornatis, antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis vel fuscis, subtus subtiliter nigro-
pubescens. Long. "17.

New York : I once found a considerable number in a trunk full of duplicate
insects: the antennae are as in the female of the last, in all my specimens.

3. T. pallipes, subovale, nigrum, subtus griseo-pubescens, thorace convexo,
parce punctulato, pilis cinereis adsperso, elytris minus subtiliter punctulatis,
lineis undulatis furrugineis, pilisque cinereis et fulvis subfasciatis, antennis
pedibusque testaceis,clava, femoribusque infuscatis. Long. -14.

Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2,269.

One female, Georgia. This species is very closely allied to T. ornatum, but
the less dense punctures of the thorox will enable it to be separated. The
specimen described by Mr. Zeigler was evidently only recently transformed,
and therefore had not yet attained its full color. The club of the antennae is as
in T. ornatum, whence it may be concluded, that the male will be found to have
pectinate antennae.

4. T. tarsale, elongato-ovale, postice paulo angustius, nigrum, thorace
vix punctulato, pilis cinereis adsperso, elytris punctulatis, lineis ferrugineis undu-
latis variegatis, pilisque cinereis subfasciatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis
femoribus infuscatis. Long. -10.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Middle States, not rare ; frequently found in Zoological collections. This
species is smaller and narrower than the preceding, and is slightly ovate in form,

1854.] Ill

the elytra being gradually narrowed from the base : in all those above described
the body is regularly oval, beng equally obtuse at each end. The antennae of
the male are strongly pectinate, those of the female are terminated by a small
four-jointed club.

5. T. pusillum, elongato-ovale, postice haud angustius, nigrum, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, pilis cinereis marmorato, elytris punctulatis lineis undu-
latis ferrugineis, pilisque cinereis fulvisque marmoratis, antennis pedibusque
piceo-rufis, femoribus infuscatis. Long. -08.

Louisiana, given me by Mr. Guex. Considerably smaller than the preceding,
more obtuse anteriorly, hardly narrowed posteriorly, and with the hairy spots
of the elytra forming distinct transverse undulated lines. The antenna? of the
male are strongly pectinate.

Cryptorhopalum Guer.

1. C. balteatum, ovale nigrum, cinereo-pubescens, thorace versus
latera, elytrorurn annulo humerali, fasciis duabus rectis apicequedensius pubes-
cenlibus, tarsis testaceis. Long. -11.

San Diego, California. From the fasciate elytra, this species has the appear-
ance of Trogoderma, but the antennas are terminated by a very large two-jointed
club, which is received in an excavation just within the lateral margin of the
thorax.

2. C. t r i s t e , subovatum nigrum, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, thorace
sat dense subtiliter punctulato, elytris confertim punctulatis, antenrarum basi,
tibiis tarsisque piceis. Lonj. -10 -13.

San Jose, California. Somewhat ovate in form, more obtuse behind than in
front, but broadest about the base of the elytra. The hair is fine, and dark
colored, although not sparse; the punctures of the thorax are not distinct, but
those of the elytra are quite obvious.

Closely allied to this species must be Anthrenus a p i c a 1 i s Mann. Bull.
Mosc. 1843, 258. It is also from California, and (by description) differs from
the species here described, by the tip of the elytra, and the feet being reddish.

3. C. picicorne, ovatum, nigrum, subtiliter nigro-pubescens, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, elytris confertim punctulatis, antennis tarssique piceis.
Long. -09.

Pennsylvania to Georgia. A little broader and somewhat less convex than
the preceding, but very similar to it in characters ; the pubescence appears also
less dense. The base of the antennae is sometimes testaceous; the tibiae appear
to be always black.

4. C. ruficorne, subovatum, nigrum, subtiliter parcius nigro-pubescens,
thorace vix punctulato, elytris punctulatis, antennis tibiis tarsisque obscure
rufis. Long. -08.

Southern States. Easily distinguished by the less abundant pubescence, the
almost smooth thorax, and the reddish brown antennae.

5. C. hemorrhoidale, subovatum, nigrum, subtiliter cinereo-pubes-
cens, thorace vix punctulato, elytris punctulatis, apice late rufis et cinereo
subbifasciatis, antennis tibiis tarsique rufo-piceis. Long. -09.

Anthrenus hcemorrhoidalis Leconte, Ann.Lyc. 1, 170; tab. 11, fig. 4.

Middle and Southern States. In this and the preceding species, the middle of
the base of the thorax is more suddenly produced than in C. picicorne, or C.
triste. The apical spot of the elytra occupies nearly one third of the surface ;
the cinereous pubescence at its anterior portion and at the tip is more dense :
occasionally on each elytron, near the middle of the spot, may be observed a
fuscous dot.

6. C. fusculum, subovatum, nigrum, densius cinereo-pubescens, thorace
subtiliter punctulato, elytris punctatis, (saepe rufescentibus, macula communi
basali triangulari picea,) antennis pedibusque rufis. Long. "06 OS.

Colorado River, California. The dense pubescence, the larger punctures of

112 [[JUNE,

the elytra, and the pale color of the feet and antennae will distinguish the
species ; the elytra of the small specimen are black, while of the larger one,
they are reddish brown, with the base blackish, the dark color extending on the
suture to the middle and not being well denned.

Anthrenus Fabr.
A. Antenna? ll-articulatae, clava triarticulata.

1. A. t h o r a c i c u s, breviter ovatus supra niger, thoracis lateribus, elytris
fasciis tribus, guttaque apicali albosquamosis, anterioribus extrorsum confluen-
tibus, maculam magnam formantibus, sutura, humerisque subtus fulvo-squamosis.
Long. '10 14.

Melsheimer, Proc Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Middle and Southern States. Differs from A. scrophulariae, by the large
external elytral white spot, and from A. pimpinellae by the orange colored suture.
The antennae and thighs are black; the tibiae and tarsi brownish; the under
surface is covered with white scales, portions of the pectus, and a lateral row of
spots on the abdomen are black. The posterior of the three elytral fascia is
rarely entire ; the apical spot is very small. A.adspersus Herbst, (Kafer,
7, 332, tab. 115, fig. 7,) may be a depauperated specimen of this species, but a
comparison will be necessary to determine the fact.

2. A. 1 e p i d u s, breviter ovatus, supra niger ; thoracis lateribus albo-squa-
mosis, gutta nigra inclusa, elytris fasciis tribus angustis suturaque albo squamo-
sis, macula antica suturali aureo-squamosa ornatis, basi parce albo-squamosis.
Long. -11.

San Diego, California : the fasciae at their origin on the suture run obliquely
backwards. The under surface is marked and colored as in the preceding.

3. A. v a r i u s, ovatus, niger, supra luteo-squamosus, thoracis basi utrinque
et ante scutellum, elytrorumque fasciis tribus undatis albidis, infra albidus, an-
tennis pedibusque nigris. Long. 08 '11.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 108. vide Er. Ins. Deutschl. 445.

Anthrenus tricolor Herbst, Ins. 7, 333 ; tab. 115, fig. 8.

Anthrenus destructor Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Abundant in spring, on flowers, especially on those of the Peony; probably
imported from Europe, but now found even in California ; the larva is very
njurious to zoological collections. The antennae are entirely black, the club
narrower than in the preceding species, oval, with the three joints about equal
in size. The white scales of the under surface of the body are mixed towards
the sides and tip of the abdomen with yellow, the first segment of the abdomen
is entirely covered with scales.

4. A. flavipes, breviter ovatus, niger, supra luteo-squamosus, fronte
thoracis lateribus (macula fulva inclusa), elytrorum guttis rotundatis sutu-
raque antice albo-squamosis, infra albo-squamosus, antennis pedibusque rufo-
testaceis. Long. *12.

One specimen, New York, Mr. Calverley. The club of the antennae is broad,
round and compressed ; the first joint of it is very small, and the second only
half as large as the last joint. The spots of the elytra seem inclined to form
three fasciae, and there is, besides, one at the middle of the base of each elytron.
The form of the body is that of A. thoracicus, and as in that species the first
joint of the abdomen has a denuded black line each side behind the coxa and the
white scales are mixed with yellow towards the sides of the abdomen.

B. Antennae 8-articulatae, clava biarticulata.

6. A. castaneae, ovalis minus convexus, niger, supra albo-conspersus,
thorace lateribus subangulatis, elytris saepissime fuscis, fasciis tribus basique
densius squamosis, antennis pedibusque plus minusve testaceis. Long. 06 08.

Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 116.

Abundant in the Middle and Southern States, especially upon the flowers oi

1854.] 113

Castanea pumila. This species seems to be similar to A. museorum ; but I
cannot discover any sexual differences in a large number of specimens examined.
The antennae are sometimes dark-colored towards the extremity; the feet also
vary in color, the thighs being usually darker than the tibiae and tarsi : the elytra
are generally uniform testaceous brown, sometimes the margin and suture are
dark fuscous.

Apsectus Lee.

Caput prosterno receptum ; oculi magni, ocellus frontalis ; mesosternum trans-
versum hand emarginatum ; antennae tenues, clava 3-articulata, scrobiculis male
definitis receptae ; pedes tenues, tibiis linearibus, antici modice distantes.

A curious little insect, covered with long erect hair, and presenting the ap-
pearance of the European Trinodes ; the antennae are precisely as in that genus ;
the prosternum, however, is truncate behind, and the anterior coxae are moderately
separated; the mesosternum is short, transverse and rounded anteriorly, while
in Trinodes it is cleft as in Anthrenus, Trogoderma, &c. The legs are slender,
the tibiae not dilated; the joints of the tarsi diminish in length from the first to
the fourth, the fifth is about equal to the first. In all other characters it agree
with Trinodes.

1. A. h i s p i d u s, ovalis, modice convexus, niger nitidus pilis longis erectis
nigro-cinereis vestitus, thoracis lateribus rectis submarginatis, elytris parce
punctatis, antennis piceis basi pedibusque fiavis. Long. -05 8.

Syncalypta hispida Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 117.

Middle and Southern States, on leaves, not abundant. A specimen kindly
given me by Prof. Haldeman was hatched from a protuberance on the stem of
Rhus radicans, but as some small Hymenoptera emerged from other similar ex-
crescences, I think that the relation of the present genus to them is very doubtful.

The last joint of the antennae of the male is elongated, so as to be nearly
equal to the others united.

Varies in color, having the head, thorax and margin of the elytra occasionally
yellowish brown.

Orphiltxs Er.

1. 0. ater, subovatus, antice subacutus, minus convexus, ater, subglaber,
thorace subtilius, elytris subrugose punctatis, his versus suturam longitudinaliter
impressis. Long. 10 13.

Erichson, Ins. Deutschl. 463.

Middle and Southern States, on flowers. In comparison with the European
0. glabratus, Erichson observes, that this one is one half smaller, less shining,
with the thorax more convex and more finely punctured, and with the elytra
more thickly punctured, and somewhat rugous.

Synopsis ef the ByrrhidjE of the United States,

By John L. Le Conte, M.D.

Ngsodendron Latr.

1. N. unicolor, rotundatum nigrum subnitidum, sat dense punctatum
brevissime parce pubescens, antennis piceis. Long. *2 -23.
Say, Long's Expedition to Sources of St. Peter's River, 2, 274.
Middle, Southern and Western States ; rare.

Syncalypta Stephens.

1. S. s t r i g o s a, subglobosa nigra (squamulosa?) setis brevibus erectis
hispida, capite thoraceque subtilius punctatis, elytris apice fere acuminatis,
striis minus profundis, subpunctatis, suturali pone medium duabusque sub-
marginalibus exaratis, pedibus rufo-piceis. Long. -10.

Simplocaria strigosa Mels. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc 2, 118.

114 [June,

The original type of this species, said to have come from Georgia, was
kindly given me by Dr. Melsheimer. When it came into my possession, it was
covered with an incrustation like mud, which induced Dr. Schaum and myself
to consider it formerly as allied to Georyssus. By softening and cleaning the
specimen, it was prepared for examination, and I then found all its characters
to be of the present genus. The br sties were mostly gone, but a few re-
mained about the head and thorax, indicating them to be short and yellowish
white. A few small white scales remain on the under surface, but all vestige
of such a covering on the upper surface is removed. I perceive no characters
by which it can be separated from th> European S. paleata Er. (Ins.
Deutschl. 470,) although a comparison of specimens is necessary before it can
be placed as synonymous with that epecies.

2. S. echinata, subrotundata, utrinque paulo angustata, modice convexa,
nigra parce fusco-squamulosa, setis longis clavatis nigris hi^pida, capite thora-
ceque subtiliter punctatis, elytrorum striis tenuibus punctulatis, suturali ad
apicem, marginalique exaratis. Long. 10.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen found at Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior.

Byrrhus Linn.
(* Alati ; tarsorum articulus tertius haud lobatus.)

1. B. Kirbyi, ovatus, convexus, niger, pubescens, thorace vittis quatuor
atro holosericeis, (externis postice furcalis), elytris vittis utrinque tribus pos-
tice abbreviatis, maculaque tiansversa ad dodrantem atro-holosericeis ; dorso
figura communi valde transversa sinuata argenteo-pubescente interrupta orna-
tis : antennarum articulo ultimo ovali subtruncato. Long. *3l.

Byrrhus ^'cpes|| Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 116; Steffahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4,
24. '

Lake Superior. Differs from the following species by its smaller size, and
by the elytra being broader and more obtuse posteriorly, whereby the body as-
sumes an ovate form, not seen in the allied species. The markings are very
similar to the next species, but the posterior transverse black spot extending
from near the margin to the middle of each elytron is not seen in B. ameri-
canus. The small silvery spots forming the transverse sinuated figure are
frequently not apparent. I have changed the name given by Mr. Kirby, as
it is preoccupied by a European species.

2. B. americanus, ovalis, convexus, antice subacutus, niger pubescens,
thorace minus distincte vittato, elytris vittis tribus atro holosericeis interrup-
ts, guttisque cinereis figuram communem transversam sinuatam formantibus,
altensque utrinque tribus posticis ornatis : antennarum articulo ultimo rotun-
dato, palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo ovali truncate Long. *4.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

Niagara, Newfoundland and Lake Superior, not rare. The three cinereous
spots behind the transverse figure are placed in a transverse line, about one
fourth from the apex.

3. B. c y c 1 ophoru s, ovalis, convexus, antice subacutus, niger pubescens 5
thorace subvittato, elytris vittis tribus atro-holosericeis interrupts, guttisque
cinereis figuram communem sinuatam formantibus; antennarum articulo ulti-
mo rotundato, palpis maxillaribus articulo ultimo ovali, subtruncato ; pedibus
rufo-piceis. Long. -27.

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 117 ; Steffahny, Germ. Zeitchr. 4, 24; Mannerheim,
Bull. Mosc. 1852, 341.

Lake Superior. Entirely similar in form to the last species, but only half as
large, and with the last joint of the palpi more oval and less truncate. The
figure on the elytra is of the same form, but less transverse, the length included
by it on the suture being about one third of the elytra. The outer black vitta
of the elytra is not obvious, being represented by two or three small spots.

4. B. geminatus, ovalis, antice subacutus convexus, niger, pubescens,

1854.] 115

thoraee subvittato, elytris vittis tribus alro-holosericeis, figuraque communi
sinuata, postice duplicata et rotundata omatis ; antennarum articulo ultimo ro-
tundato. Long. 33.

Lake Superior, one specimen. This species is also similar in form to the two
preceding, but the figure on the elytra instead of being truncate posteriorly, is
rounded, and double, so as to form at the posterior pari of the usual figure a
lunate figure, concave anteriorly. The palpi unfortunately cannot be seen.

5. B. e x i m i u s, ovalis : utrinque subacutus, convexus, niger, olivaceo- pu-
bescens, thoraee cinereo variegato, elytris atro-cinereoque subtessela'is, figura
transversa communi sinuata postice duplicata, maculaque suturali maioie ad
medium ornalis, tarsis antennisque rulo-piceis, his articulo ultimo subaeumi<
nato. Long. *22.

Le Conte, Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen, from the Northern shore of Lake Superior. The larger sutu-
ral cinereous spot at the anterior margin of the dorsal figure will enable this
beautiful species to be readily recognized. The palpi cannot be seen.

6. B. murinus, breviter ovatus, convexus, niger, pubescens, et breviter
setosus, elytris nigro-vittatis, vittis subelevatis, punctis cinereis figuram com-
munem transversam postice duplicatam omatis ; antennarum articulo ulti-
mo rotundato, palpis maxillaribus' articulo ultimo ovato, truncato. Long.
172.

Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 104. Steffahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 24.

Byrrhus undatua Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Byrrhus glabellas Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 118. (specimen de-
tritum.)

Pennsylvania, rare : the American synonyms "were unnecessary, as no differ-
ence has yt-t been pointed out between native and European specimens. Com-
petent European entomo ogistshave pronounced them identical, and their opinion
should be received, until some tangible character can be found for their separa-
tion. The European synonyms are omitted ; they may be found in Erichson,
Ins. Deutschl. (p. 488).

7. B. co n col or Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 117. Unknown to me.

Cvtilus Er.

1. C. varius, subovatus, antice subacutus, convexus, aeneus, vel viridi-
aeneus, pubescens, elytris striatis, interstitiis alternis virescentibus subelevatis,
nigro-tessellatis. Long. 2.

Erichson,. Ins. Deutschl. 400.

Byrrhus varius Fabr. Syst. El. 1, 103; Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. 118; Stef-
fahny, Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 28.

Byrrhus trivittatus Melsheimer, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. 2, 117.

Very abundant through Northern New York, in Maine, and at Lake Superior.
The following variations in color may be observed :

a. Thorax with a large patch of golden hair at the middle of the base ; scutel
covered with grayish hair.

b. Thorax and scutel as above; margin of the elytra and feet reddish- brown,
c Golden hair of the thorax and gray hair of the scutellum less conspicuous;

elytra uniformly dull bronze color, with the alternate interstitial spaces tesst late
with black.

Var. a is most abundant, and is the one named by Dr. Melsheimer; to var. c
may probably be referred Byrrhus alternatus Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 5, 186.

Pedilophorl*s Steffahny. {Morychus Er.)

1. P. ac u m i n at u s, apterus longiusculus, ovalis, antice subacutus, con-
vexus supra aeneus, nitidus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens, thoraee subtiliter,
elytris distinctius punctatis, subtus nigro-piceus, punctatus, griseo-pubescens,
tarsis articulo 3io longe lobato. Long. 18.

Morychus acuminatus Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1852, 341.

116 [June,

Oregon, Col. McCall ; (Sitka, Mannerheim.) The fact that the generic name
ceases to be applicable to certain species now admitted into the genus, is
hardly sufficient to warrant us in substituting the name proposed by Erichson,
for that under which this group was first established.

Simplocaeia Steph.

1. S. tessellata, elongato-ovalis, nigro-aenea, nitida, convexa, utrinque
subacuta, parce cinereo-pubescens, thorace subtiliter punctulato, elytris striis
sat profundis, apice obsoletis, suturali integra, interstitiis parum convexis, obso-
lete punctulatis, maculis cinereo-pubescentibus subtessellatis, pedibus piceis,
tarsis pallidioribus. Long. *13.

Byrrhus tessellatns Lee. Agassiz' Lake Superior, 224.

One specimen, found on the Northern shore of Lake Superior. The reference
of this species to Byrrhus, by me, is another instance of the confusion resulting
from the description of new species of insects of various groups, before the groups
themselves have been submitted to careful study.

2. S. nitida Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1845, 2, 362; Mannh. ibid. 1S52, 342.
Russian America; unknown to me.

Amphicyrta Er.

1. A. chrysomelina, aptera longius ovata, antice angustior, piceo-aenea,
nitida, convexa, dense subtiliter punctulata, tarsis piceis, tibiis anticis extrorsum
obtuse angulatis. Long. '35.

Erichson, (per Steffahny) Germ. Zeitschr. 4, 40.

Oregon, collected by the late J. K. Townsend, and given me by Mr. Will cox.
Larger and narrower than the following species.

2. A. d e n t i p e s, aptera, ovata, antice angustior, piceo-aenea, nitida, fere
gibba, dense punctulata, subtilius in thorace, antennis palpis, pedibusque rufo-
piceis, tibiis anticis extrorsum subacute angulatis. Long. '25 28.

Erichson, (per Steffahny) Germ. Zeitschr. 5, 40.

Eucyphus hybosoroides Mannerheim, Bull. Mosc. 1843, (teste Mann. ibid.
1852, 342.)

Abundant at San Jose, California, under stones, in March; found also occa-
sionally at San Francisco. The synonym cited from Count Mannerheim,
although suspected by me several years ago, and mentioned in my correspon-
dence with scientific friends, is founded upon a description so very inaccurate,
from typographical errors, that the admission of the author himself was neces-
sary to establish it.

3. A. s i m pi ic ip e s Mannh. Bull. Mosc. 1852, 342. Russian America;
unknown to me.

Limnichus Latr.

1. L. olivaceus ,ovalis,convexus, nigro-aeneus, pubedensa olivacea cinerea-
que sericeus, confertim sat grosse punctatus, thorace subcanaliculato lateribus
rectis, basi media longius lobata, antennis pedibusque nigris, prosterno profunde
sulcato. Long. -10.

Illinois, Mr. Willcox. This species closely resembles the nex% but is larger,
the form is more elongated, the punctures are larger and somewhat less dense.

2. L. pu n ct at u s , ovalis convexus, aeneo-niger, pube densa olivacea seri-
ceus, in elytris cinereo vix variegatus, punctatissimus, thorace subcanaliculato,
lateribus fere rectis, basi media longius lobata, antennis pedibusque nigris
prosterno profunde sulcato. Long. *07 '08.

Pennsylvania, June, abundant.

3. L. obscurus, ovalis, convexus, seneo-niger, pube olivacea cinereaque
subsericeus, sat dense punctatus, thorace subcanaliculato, lateribus rectis, basi
media latius lobata, prosterno profunde sulcato, antennis pedibusque nigris,
Long. *10.

1854.] 117

New York. Less densely and more finely punctured than those above described,
the punctures being more distant from each other than their own diameters, ex-
cept on the head, which is confluently punctured ; the punctures of the thorax
are smaller than those of the elytra, and the lobe of the base is only slightly
prolonged. The body is somewhat acuminate at each end.

4. L. ater, ovalis, utrinque attenuatus, convexus, niger nitidus, cinereo-
pubescens, thorace subcanaliculalo subtiliter punctato, basi longius lobato, ely-
tris sat dense punctatis, punctis ad suturam et apicem subtilioribus, antennis
pedibusque nigris, prosterno sulcato. Long. -08.

Mississippi, Dr. Schaum. Distinguished from L. obscurus by its blacker color,
and by the body being more sharply acuminate at each end ; the thorax is longer,
and the basal lobe is more obvious.

5. L. nitidulus, ovalis utrinque attenuatus, convexus niger nitidus, parce
cinereo pubescens, thorace subcanaliculato, subtiliter punctulato, basi modice
lobato, elytris minus dense punctatis, punctis ad suturam apicem et marginem
subtilioribus, antennis pedibusque nigris prosterno profunde sulcato. Long.*07.

Georgia, in Habersham County. Of the same form as L. ater, but more shin-
ing, with the punctures of the elytra larger, less dense, and becoming smaller
towards the edges.

3 V

6. L. o v a t u s , breviusculus ovatus, utrinque attenuatus, convexus, niger
nitidus, densius cinereo-pubescens, thorace basi vix lobato, vix punctulato, elytris
minus distincte punctulatis, antennis pedibusque piceo-rufis, prosterno profunde
sulcato. Long. 06.

Georgia; found also in Louisiana, according to Mr. Motschulsky. Smaller
and much broader than any of the preceding species. The punctures of the
elytra are not obvious, and those of the thorax, although dense, are so fine as to
be hardly visible.

Physemus j Motsch.

Oculi, labrum, et mandibulae libera; antennae tenues clavatae, clava in fovea
superna ad angulo thoracis antico recepta; tarsi liberi.

Mr. Motschulsky informs me that the insect here described is congeneric
with the Russian Physemus velutinus mentioned by him in his catalogue of the
Hydrocanthares of Russia, (p. 12,) and I have acordingly adopted the name
proposed by him. The insect is of small size, broadly ovate in foyn, subacute
posteriorly. The antennae are longer than the head, the first four joints are
thick, the second being a little shorter, the fifth and sixth are somewhat less
thick, the seventh slender, as long as the sixth: the club is oval, not much
broader than the first joint, and apparently solid, though with a high magni-
fying power, it appears indistinctly articulated. The most remarkable char-
acter is that this club is received in a deep hole, each side of the thorax, on
the zipper surface, just behind the anterior angle. The feet are slender, and
formed as in Linnichus.

1. P. minutus, breviter ovatus, utrinque attenuatus, convexus niger,
densissime subtiliter punctulatus, cinereo-pubescens, prosterno haud sulcato,
pedibusque rufo-piceis. Long. -03.

Colerado river, California, Has the habits of Linnichus, and appears when
water is thrown on the banks.

10

118 [June,

Descriptions of New Birds collected between Albuquerque, N. M., and San
Francisco, California, during the Winter of 1853 54, by Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly
and H. B. Mollhausen, naturalists attached to the survey of the Pacific R. R.
Route, under Lt. A. W. Whipple.

By S. F. Baird.

Cypselus melanoleucus, Baird.

Above dark sooty brown all over, except a white band on the wing, formed
by the tips of the secondary quills, and a white patch on the side of the body
opposite the rump, and extending round so as to be separated on the rump by a
space of about one third of an inch. Beneath white, except the under surface of
the wings and tail, the sides of the body, crissum and under wing and tail coverts,
which are glossy soot black, leaving but a narrow interval of white down the
breast and belly. There may be a narrow black, pectoral collar. There is a
narrow light edging to the outer primary quill.

Total length 5 inches and 8-10ths, wing 5 4-10ths, tail 2 8-10ths, tarsus 3-10ths.

(No. 169.) Camp 123, west of San Francisco Mountains.

Ctjlicivora plumbea, Baird.

Above bluish grey ; beneath white. Front uniform with the crown ; eyelids
white, and over the eye a narrow greyish white stripe, within which is another
of bluish black, partially concealed by the feathers. Quills all edged with lighter.
Tail feathers all black ; the entire outer webs and tips of the two exterior white,
the third narrowly margined and tipped with the same. Bill short. Tail con-
siderably rounded.

Total length 4 inches and 4-10ths, wing 1 9-10ths, tail 2, bill from front 4-lOths,
tarsus 6-10ths.

Differs from C. ccerulea in shorter bill and more rounded tail, the outer
feathers of which are not white but nearly black. The black frontlet is also
wanting. Differs from C. atricapilla in absence of black on the top of the head,
this being replaced by a dark stripe on the side. Mr. Lawrence describes the C
atricapilla as having the outer web only of the lateral tail feathers white, but
Bonaparte states the whole feathers to be white.

Bill-Williams' Fork, Feb. 1854.

Psaltria plumbea, Baird.

Upper parts bluish grey, including the crown ; beneath dirty white or brown-
ish white ; cheeks, throat, and forehead tinged with light brown ; outer margins
of all the quills and tail feathers like the back, but brighter (excepting on the
two outer primaries.) Bill and feet black.

Length 4 inches, wing 2 i-10ths, tail 2 4'j-lOths, tarsus 7-10ths.

Compared with specimens from California of P. minima, this species differs
in having the top of the head uniform with the back ; the whole dimensions
larger, and the bill smaller and more delicate.

Hab. Little Colorado, N. M.

Cyanocitta macrolopha, Baird.

General appearance that of C. stelleri. Tail rounded. Head with a very long
pointed crest, the longest feathers about twice the length of the bill*. Head and
upper part of the neck all round, clear sooty black ; crest glossy, greenish black.
Whole back and scapulars and thighs brownish ash, with a slight' gloss of green.
Rump, upper tailcoverts, sides and whole under parts light cobalt blue. Tail
and exposed surfaces of the secondaries and tertiaries ultramarine blue ; outer
webs of primaries more like the rump. Tail feathers, tertiaries and outer webs
of secondaries distinctly barred with black. The short elongated pointed exte-
rior feathers of the forehead streaked with opaque greenish white, turning to
greenish on those more posterior ; over the eye on the eyelids, a row of silky
white feathers.

Length 12i inches, wing 6, tail 5|.

This bird is figured in Fauna Boreali Americana, Birds pi. 54.

1854.] 119

Differs from C. stelleri in longer and narrower crest, the deeper black of the
head ; the feathers on the side of the forehead streaked with white, not green;
the white feathers over the eye ; more grey on the feathers of the chin at base ;
narrower bill, &c.

100 miles west of Albuquerque, N. M.

Carpodacus cassinii, Baird.

Bill very stout and much elongated, straight or even concave for four-fifths its
length, then gently curved. Wings lengthened ; 2d and 3d quills nearly equal
and longest. 1st intermediate between the 3d and 4th. Tail moderately broad;
quite deeply emarginate ; inner feathers nearly the one fourth of an inch shorter
than the outer.

Male. Whole upper part of the head from the bill to the neck of a rich deep
crimson ; sides of the head below the eyes, chin, throat and upper part of the
breast pale purplish. Feathers on the lower part of the hind neck, back, and
scapulars gray, and with a dark brown central streak, and glossed all over with
purplish. Breast, abdomen, belly, and crissum uniform w T hite, anteriorly tinged
with purplish gray, laterally streaked with brown ; under tail coverts white,
similarly streaked. Lower part of the back and rump faintly purplish. Quills
and rectrices brown ; all margined with dull purplish. Secondary and tertiary
quills and primary coverts more broadly margined. Lesser coverts strongly
glossed with purple.

The female is larger than that of C. obscurus ; wings longer ; belly immaculate,
streaked only on the sides.

Male. Total length 6i inches, wing 3 7-12ths, tail 2 10-I2ths, tarsus 7 |-12ths,
bill on ridge 6 -12ths.

This very strongly marked species may be distinguished by the very long and
nearly straight bill w r hich is larger than in any other N. American species. The
crimson of the head extends to the cervix as in C. purpureus ; the back is con-
spicuously streaked ; the lower parts white and streaked only laterally ; the
reverse being the case in C '. familiaris . It resembles C. purpureus most, but is
larger, bill, wings and tail longer, with less purple on the breast, &c.

Camp 104, Pueblo Creek, N. M., and 75 miles west of Albuquerque.

This species is named in honor of Mr. John Cassin, of the Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences of Philadelphia.

Zonotrichia fallax, Baird.

This species bears a very close resemblance to Z. melodia, of which it is the
western representative. Compared with Z. melodia the bill is considerably
smaller and the tail longer. The plumage above is more ashy, the streaks on
the back not so distinct, the spots are more crowded about the breast, but fewer
on the sides ; their color more uniformly chesnut brown.

Length 6i inches, wing 2 8-l0ths, tail 3.

Pueblo creek, New Mexico.

Pipilo mesoleucus, Baird.

Bill considerably curved and inflexed at edges. Tarsi short, outer claw reaching
a little beyond the base of the middle claw. Above nearly uniform dull olive
brown, except a patch of dark chestnut on the top of the head; chin, throat and
upper part of the breast pale reddish white, streaked on the border of the area
with brown ; and below this there is a central large spot, formed by the adja-
cent brown inner vanes of several feathers. This spot is below the collar of
smaller ones just described. Middle of the breast and abdomen white. Lower
part of the belly, crissum, and under tail coverts light ferruginous. Sides like
the back with a slight tinge of rufous. Wings and tail like the back, the latter
with rusty tips.

Total length 81 inches, wing 3 ll-12ths, tail 4 7-12ths, tarsus 5-12ths.

Differs from P. fusca, (which appears to be confined to the Pacific coast,) in
a more distinct patch of chestnut on the crown, not merely tinged with this
color; lighter throat, the rusty color extending further down, as do the attend-

120

[June,

ant spots, and below these again, a large dark spot partially covered "by the
feathers, and not observed in specimens of P. fusca. The middle of the
breast and abdomen clear white, the rusty of crissum extending further on the
belly. The bill is more rounded and shorter, the tarsus shorter, and the outer
claw extends further on the middle claw.

Pipilo aberti is easily distinguished by the black lores and chin, less distinct
spots on the throat, and nearlj r uniform under parts.

A specimen collected by Mr. Clarke, of the Mexican Boundary Survey, at
the Copper Mines, appears to belong to this species. It has unfortunately lost
its tail. The chestnut patch is paler. A smaller race of the same was col-
lected by Lieut. Couch at Santa Catarina in Mexico.

Centurus uropygialis, Baird.

Head and neck all round, and the lower parts of the body brownish ash,
darkest above ; a broad frontal band of dull yellowish white, (not golden.) A
small quadrate patch directly on the vertex, of deep red ; rest of the upper parts
banded transversely with black and white, even on the rump and upper tail
coverts. Middle of the belly yellow, sides of the body along crissum, and lower
tail coverts banded with black and white, like the back. Primaries black, white
at the base ; secondaries with round spots on the outer web ; two central tail
feathers black on the outer vane with a narrow stripe of white at the base,
running for half the length of the feather near the shaft, and tapering to a point ;
inner vane banded alternately with black and white ; two exterior feathers on
each side banded on both vanes ; intermediate ones entirely black.

Total length 9 inches, extent 16, wing 5, tails 4 l-10th.

Differs from C. carolimcs in yellow belly, resembles it in character of trans-
verse bands above, and markings on the tails. C. flaviventris has the middle
tail feathers entirely black, and the rump and upper coverts white. C.
tricolor has the middle of belly red. C. uropygialis also lacks the golden front
and occiput of this and other species.

Bill- Williams Fork of Colorado, New Mexico.

1351.] 121

July 4/A, 1854.
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From Dr. W. R. De Witt, State Librarian, dated Harrisburg, Penn.,
June 27th, 185-1, requesting certain numbers of the Journal deficient in
the series in the State Library.

From M. Giovanni Michellotti, dated Turin, June 8th, 1854, stating
his intention to visit this country, and to bring with him his collection
of Fossils, for which he desired temporary accommodations in the Hall
of the Academy. Referred to the Curators.

From Dr. Wm. P.. Gibbons, dated San Francisco, Cal., June 1, 1854,
accompanying a communication entitled, " Descriptions of new species of
viviparous marine and fresh-water fishes, from the Bay of San Fran-
cisco, and the River and Lagoons of Sacramento ; read before the Cali-
fornia Academy of Natural Sciences, Jan. 9, 1854. "

The communication, being intended for publication in the Proceedings,
was referred to Prof. Haldeman, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Le Conte.

Dr. Leidy presented for publication in the Journal the following com-
munications : "Notice of Product! found in the Western States and
Territories, with descriptions of twelve new species ; by J. G. Norwood
and Henry Pratten, of the Illinois Geological Survey;" and " Notice of
the genus Chonetes, as found in the Western States and Territories,
with descriptions of eleven new species; by J. G. Norwood and Henry
Pratten." Both papers were referred to a Committee consisting of Mr.
Conrad, Dr. Leidy, and Mr. W. P. Foulke.

On leave granted, a resolution was offered, presenting to the State
Library, at Harrisburg, Vols. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the 1st series of the
Journal, and Vols. 1 and 2 of the 2d series of the Journal, and Vols. 1
to 6 of the Proceedings.

July IS th.
Major Le Conte in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, July 10th,
1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings, Vol. 7, No. 2.

From the Rev. Charles Fox, dated Detroit, Michigan, requesting for
the University of Michigan a copy of the Publications of the Academy ;
also relative to a collection of minerals and shells for sale at Detroit.

July lb th.
Dr. Leidy in the Chair.

The Committee on two papers by Messrs. Norwood and Pratten, of
the Illinois Geological Survey, on new species of Producti from the
Western States and Territories, and on new species of Chonetes from
the same, reported in favor of publication in the Journal.

The Committee on Dr. Gibbons' paper, describing new species of vi-

PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA, VOL. VII., NO. IV. 11

122

[July,

viparous fishes from California, reported in favor of publication in the
Proceedings.

Description of Neiu Species of Viviparous JMarine and Fresh-water Fishes,
from the Bay of San Francisco, and from the Fiver and Lagoons of the Sacra-
mento.* By VV. P. Gibbons, M. D.

In the first paper that I read before the Academy, descriptive of these fishes,
I placed them among the Labroids, on account of their corresponding in charac-
ters to this family, as established by Cuvier. Prof. Agassiz, however, in a letter
received from him, objects to this classification, because of the recent modifica-
tions which have been made in the characteristics of the Labroidae. This question
will be settled by a more intimate acquaintance with this extraordinary family,
which probably comprises a large number of species yet undiscovered. The
anomalous phases of animal and vegetable life in California, indicate the necessity
of patient and thorough investigation before coming to final conclusions respecting
the characters of new fishes. In my present descriptions, therefore, I place
these fishes provisionally in the

Family LABROIDAE.

Genus Holconotus.

Head of medium size ; body subeomprf-ssed, arched ; lips thick. Snout pro-
tractile ; cheeks and opercula covered with scales, the latter with a thin mem-
brane round the edges. Teeth conical, few, in a single row in each jaw.
Branchiostegal rays five. Dorsal commences posterior to the pectorals ; lateral
line nearly concurrent. Spinous rays of the dorsal fold into a groove sufficiently
deep to conceal them. A narrow, naked space two scales below the base of
the middle and posterior portion of the dorsal ; the lengLh of this space not con-
stant in the same species, but present in all the viviparous genera.

H. Agassizi, Gibbons. Curve of the dorsum and belly correspond ; a slight
indentation at the base of the head; jaws equal; dorsal with 9 to 11 spinous
rays, first one about a quarter inch long ; 2d, double or treble the length of the
1st; the others gradually lengthening to the 6th, which is .75 inches; the others
about of equal length ; soft portion at its commencement about double the height
of the spinous, regularly increasing to its termination, inch high. 1st ray of
the pectorals and ventrals spinous ; that of the former very short ; first 3 rays
of anal short and spinous. A space, free of scales, extending from the base of
the ventrals on each side to the base of the anal ; the scales lining the edge of
this space are folded ; in the unimpregnated state, the opposite edges of this
space meet. Ryes of medium size, irides varying in color with white, brown
and yellow; superior anterior edge of the pupil flattened; nostrils double;
cranium covered with mucous ducts as far down as the nostrils ; a diffused patch
of ducts between the nostrils and the angles of the mouth.

Head transparent gray, dark brown or black ; back ash color, dark brown and
olive, with metallic tints; sides copper brown, lightening into beautiful iridescent
and flesh color or rose tints as they approach the ventrals. From 24 to 26 longi-
tudinal stripes of silver white or flesh tints below, and varying from this to yellow
or greenish-yellow as they ascend. Above the lateral line these stripes are nearly
concurrent with the dorsum, but below they are nearly straight and parallel.
Fins and tail irregularly marked with brown, black, olive or yellow. An ultra-
marine blue round the preopercle, under the orbit, and about the angle of the
mouth.

Scales on the breast and along the base of the fins smaller than elsewhere.
Extreme length, 15 inches; width, 6 inches ; weight, 1 to 3 lbs.

D. 35; P. 21; V. 6 ; A. 36; C. 20.

Ii. Gibbonsii, Cal. Acad, of N. S Lips thicker ; body less arched than the

* Read before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Jan. 9th and May
15th, 22d, and 29th, 1854.

1854.] 123

preceding species : back with a sharp ridge, anterior to the dorsal; curve of the
belly slight till it comes to the base of the anal, at which point it takes an an-
gular turn of about 00, so as to throw the anal rays in a horizontal direction.
Tail turned upwards from a horizontal position, but as the fish advances in age
this curvature is nearly obliterated. Lateral line nearly concurrent. Eyes
medium size, lower edge of the orbit in a line with the upper lip. hides silver
white and brown.

Back dark, with metallic tints. Head dark brown or transparent gray. An
ultramarine blue band nearly surrounds the orbits, passing forward under the
nostrils, where it curves downwards to the angle of the mouth and upper lip.
Same color round the edges of the opercle and preopercle. About 24 longitudinal
stripes, similar in color to the preceding, but more of a rose tint along the sides.
A reddish-brown band extends along the dorsal and ana] ? the tail mottled with
the same color; blue and orange color bands across the ventrals ; 11 or 12 indis-
tinct transverse red bands across the body. Caudal fin furcate, tail wider at the
base of the fin.

Extreme length, 11 inches; width, 4 inches; weight, 1 lb.

D. 35 ; P. 22 ; V. 6 ; A. 36 ; C. 20.

H. fuliginosus, Gibbons. Head yellowish brown, transparent gray or nearly
black; dark brown or black along the upper jaw on each side. Eyes rather
large ; irides silver white, yellow and purple brown. Lips quite fleshy, lemon
color, the yellow extending under the jaw ; parallel stripes, about 24, somewhat
obscure. Scales alons; the base of the fins and in the space anterior to the ven-
trals and pectorals smaller. The free surface of the scales on the back dark
brown ; the angles formed by the edges filled in with blue, both colors growing
lighter as they pass down the sides. Posterior extremity of the dorsal and anal
rounded, dark band across the caudal and along the anal and ventral ; anal
banded blue and brown. Entire length, 13 to 15 inches ; width, including
dorsal, 5.T) ; weight, 2 to 3 lbs.

D. 30; P. 21 ; V. 6 ; A. 29; C. 20.

Cymatogaster,, Gibbons.
Head of medium size ; snout protractile ; lips thickened ; cheeks and opercula
covered with scales ; soft membrane around the edges ; body oblong, ovate sub-
compressed, regularly arched, the curve of the dorsum and belly corresponding.
Teeth small, conical, three row 7 s in the upper, one in the lower jaw ; those in the
latter extending to the angle of the mouth ; branchiostegal rays 5; pectorals
anterior to dorsal; lateral line concurrent; scales of medium size. Nostrils
double, anterior closed with a valve.

C. Larkinsii, Gibbons. Inferior edge of orbit on a line with the upper lip;
eyes of medium size ; lower jaw a little the longer; dorsal with nine spinous
rays; 1st short, 2d, 3d, and 4th, double the length of its preceding one ; 5th,
the longest, about 1.25 in. above the scales, from which the fin diminishes regu-
larly in height to its termination. Pectorals long and pointed, 1st short and
spinous; anal with the three first short and spinous; posterior half of the fin in
a groove similar to the dorsal. Scales back of head, and along the base of the
fins smaller ; those at the base of the anterior portion of anal very small ; space
free of scales from the base of ventrals to that of the caudal.

Head white, gray or mottled with brown ; back, brown and gray ; sides and
belly, silver white ; from 6 to 8 imperfectly defined yellowish transverse
bands across the body. Dark color along the dorsal.

Extreme length, 15 inches; width 5.5; weight 3 to 4 lbs.

D. 36 ; P. 22 ; V. 6 ; A. 32 ; C. 22.

C. pulchelltjs, Gibbons. Line of the upper lip passing through the centre
of the eyes ; lips thin ; two large scales anterior to the orbits ; dorsal commences
posterior to the pectorals, and opposite the ventrals; 1st three spines of dorsal
short; 2d and 3d double the length of its preceding one; 4th three times as
long as the third; 5th the longest, being one inch and seven-eighths, measuring

124 [July,

from the dorsal groove; from this, tlie height of the fin decreases regularly to
its end, the last ray being about inch high ; 1st three rays of anal spinous,
the outline of the fin being somewhat scolloped; about 68 scales along the
lateral line; about 28 narrow silver longitudinal bands, mucous ducts irregularly
dispersed over the head ; head brown and transparent gray ; back, lead color
above the lateral line ; edge of the dorsal membrane black ; scales along the base
of the fins smaller than elsewhere, those along the anterior portion of the anal
very small.

Entire length 14 inches ; in width, , weight 2 to 3 lbs.

D. 35; P. 26 ; V. 6; D. 32; C. 20.

C. elmptictts, Gibbons. Similar in general characters to the Lar&insit,
body compressed, lighter and more silvery lustre, transverse bands darker, with
a line of dark spots along the dorsal ; edge of anal tipped with black. Extreme
length 9 inches, width 4 inches, weight i pound.

Hysterocarpus, Gibbons.
Head of medium size ; snout protractile, lips moderately thick; body ovate,
compressed, arched ; cheek and opercle covered with scales, membranous round
the edges; teeth conical, in a single row, not extending along the sides of the
jaws. Branchiostegal rays 5. Pectoral opposite the dorsal. Intestinal canal
short, with two inflexions enlarged at each extremity. Scales large, deciduous.
Lateral line nearly concurrent with the back.

H. Traskii. Radius of curvature least along the anterior half of the dorsum.
Facial line about 45 degrees; profile slightly incurved along the interparietal
and frontal bones. Lower jaw the longer. Eyes rather large and near the
facial outline. The dorsal has 17 strong, curved spines: 1st short, the succeed-
ing ones increasing regularly in length to the 6th, which is the longest. The
spinous rays lie in a groove, but only the two first are hidden by it, the others
project about quarter of an inch above it, and alternately lap by each other so as
to form a double row.

Pectoral subquadrangular, with the lower edge rounded, and the first ray short
and subspinous. First ray of the ventrals shorter than the others, spinous and
curved. First three rays of the anal spinous, short, thick and curved, the middle
one largest.

Scales smaller on the summit of the back, on the opercula, at the base of the
tail, of the anal and ventrals, and on the space bounded anteriorly by the ven-
trals and pectorals.

Color. Back varies from ash color to dark brown ; irregular blackish patches
approximating somewhat to bands across the sides. Belly lemon yellow, be-
coming lighter and blending with the ash color up the sides. Sides in some,
punctated with black, dark and yellow patches on the fins. Extreme length
G,5 inches, width 3 inches, weight 2 ounces.

D. 28 ; P. 18 ; V. 6 ; A. 23 ; C. 22.

Var. A. Facial line not so angular as the other, head deeper, less dorsal cur-
vature, and no black bands.

The anatomy of these is similar to that of the viviparous species which I have
already described, except that the uterus, instead of being bipartite at its anterior
extermity, is ovoid, and has but a single system of uterine blood vessels.

The specimens from which this description is made were presented to me by
my friend, Dr. J. B. Trask, who obtained them through the kindness of Mr.
Morris, from the fresh water lagoons of the Sacramento river, and from the
river, where they are found as high up as the fishermen have yet been.

Hyperprosopon, Gibbons.

Head of medium size ; body compressed, oval ; snout protractile; lips thin ;
cheeks, opercle and preopercle scaly, with membranous edges ; teeth conical,
in a single row, extending all round the lower jaw, and about half way down
the upper one; branchiostegal rays 6; dorsal commences behind the pectorals

1854.] 125

and ventrals ; scales medium size ; lateral line nearly concurrent with the back ;
intestinal canal short; eyes very large, irides white, with a brown crescent
above.

H. argenteus. Back regularly arched with a slight incurvation along tbe
frontal bone; curve of the belly greater than that of The back ; upp?r lip on a
line with the superior edge of the orbit; sides of the upper jaw nearly vertical ;
lower jaw the longer ; dorsal has eiuh r to nine spinous rays, 1st short ; 2d, 3d
and 4th, double the length of its preceding one, the 6th ray being the longest ;
dorsal groove obsolete along the soft rays; pectorals cuneiform, first one short
and spinous; first three rays of anal tin spinous ; a space quarter of an inch wide
free of scales extends from the base of the ventrals round the vaginal orifice;
nostrils double, anterior ones closed with a valve ; two or three rows of very fine
scales along the base of the anterior third of the anal ; scales above the lateral
line, and round the fins smaller than elsewhere ; head ash color and dark brown ;
back light brown with blue metallic tints, silver white beloiv the lateral line ;
from 22 to 24 silver white longitudinal stripes ; outer edge of dorsal membrane,
caudal and ventrals, darkly punctated, tips of ventrals black. Length including
tail, 9 inches; width 4.5 inch ; weight half pound.

D. 35 ; P. 26 to 28 ; V. 6 ; A. -36 to 40 ; C. 22.

H. arcuatus, Gibbons. Curvature of the dorsum greater, and of the belly lest
than of the Argenteus. Mouth lower, in reference to the eyes. Head shorter,
eyes smaller, dorsal groove longer. About the same size as the other.

Micrometrus, Gibbons.

Head of medium size, body ovate, compressed ; snout protractile ; lips thin;
cheeks and opercula scaly ; teeth conical, in a double row in each jaw, the inner
row having from four to six ; branchiostegal rays five ; dorsal commences behind
the pectoral, and about opposite the ventrals; scales rather large; intestinal
canal six to ten inches long ; eyes of medium size ; tail forked.

M. aggregatus, Gibbons. Back slightly arched; lateral linenot concurrent
with the dorsal outline; belly curved more than the dorsum; space behind the
ventrals covered with scales; head ash color; body with eight or nine longitu-
dinal rows of black spots, commencing below the lateral line and becoming
obsolete opposite the end of the dorsal, which are interrupted by three or four
lemon colored vertical bands; back dark brown, with blue metallic tints; belly
and tail silver white; extreme length five inches; width, including the dorsal,
2.25 inches ; weight two ounces.

D. 21 ; P. 20 to 24; V. 6; A. 16; C. 20.

M. minimus. Dorsum more curved than the preceding; back brown with
metallic blue tints, sides punctate with black, with lemon color patches alom* -
the middle; a diffused dark brown or black spot about the end of the spinous
rays ; membrane of the dorsal, of the tail and anal punctated black, ventrals
yellow at base, tipped with black: a diffused black patch under the pectorals.
About the same size as the preceding.

Var. a. All the characteristics of the preceding, but with larger scales and
lighter color; extreme length six inches; width 3.25 inches.

My i'ilophagus, Gibbons.

Head of medium size ; snout slightly protractile; lips thickened ; cheeks and
opercula covered with scales: with a soft membrane around the ed<es ; body
oblong ovate, subcompressed, arched; back somewhat flattened; teeth conical
a double row in each jaw, those of the lower jaw extending to the an^le of the
mouth; branchiostegal rays six ; pectorals anterior to the dorsal; lateral line
nearly concurrent with the back; scales large.

M. fasciatus, Gibbons. Curvature of belly greater than that of the back ;
eyes rather large, about a quarter inch above the line of the upper lip ; lower
jaw a little the 'oiger ; dorsal with ten spinous rays, first short, the succeeding
ones gradually in:reasing in length to the sixth, which is the longest, being

126 [August,

about seven-eighths of an inch ; articulated rays higher at their commencement
than the spinous. Dorsal groove continuous to the end of the fin ; pectorals long
and pointed first short and spinous ; anal, first three short and spinous; the
posterior half in a groove similar to the dorsal ; scales smaller in front of ven-
trals and along the base of the anal and caudal ; space free of scales extending
from base of the pectorals around the vaginal orifice about one-third of an inch
wide. Head light ash color or mottled with brown; belly silver white; eight
or ten diffused light brown transverse bands across the sides; dorsal with dark
patches; dark bands across the tail, and along the anal. Length, 15 inches;
width, 6 inches ; weight, 3 pounds.
D. 34 ; P. 24 ; V. 6 ; A. 30 ; C. 23.

Pacuylabrtjs, Gibbons.

Head medium size, one fourth of entire length of the body: snout very pro-
tractile ; lips very thick; cheeks and opercula covered with scales, latter mem-
branous round the edges; teeth conical, few, a single row in each jaw ; bran-
chiostegal rays six: nostrils large, double, anterior one closed with a valve;
dorsal commences behind the pectoral, and opposite the ventrals; scales of
medium size; lateral line nearly concurrent. .

P. variegatus, Gibbons. Body subcompressed ; dorsal outline somewhat
depressed along the spinous portion of the fin; curve of the belly regular; head
covered with mucous ducts; six rows of small, semiconcentric scales on the
cheeks ; the superior row commencing at the upper angle of the preopercula and
terminating at the angle of the jaw ; head naked above this limit; eyes large,
furnished with a nictitant membrane ; i rides white ; tail long and thick, widen-
ing at the base of the caudal; dorsal with 10 spinous rays, first short, 2d double
the length of 1st; 3d, 4th, 5th, still longer; the remaining ones about, an inch
long; articulated rays 1.75 in. long at their commencement, half an inch at
their termination ; rounded; pectorals subquadrangular ; 1st short and spinous ;
1st 3d of anal short and spinous; about 30 longitudinal narrow silver lines;
scales very small about the base of the caudal and anal fins. About 83 scales
along lateral line ; lips flesh color; head transparent gray and dark brown; back
lead color, with metallic tints ; color lighter down the sides. Extreme length
14 inches, width 6 inches, weight 1.75 pounds.

D. 34 ; P. 23 ; V. 6 ; A. 33 ; C. 20.

ELECTION.

Col. Victor Motschulsky, of St. Petersburg, and Alexander Von
Nordmann, of the same city, were elected Oorresjjondents ; and the Rev.
J. Brinton Smith, of Kingsessing, was elected a Member.

August 1.
Mr. Cassin in the Chair.

A letter was read from Mr. E. George Squier, dated New York, July.
18, 1854, transmitting the volume of Transactions of the American
Ethnological Society, acknowledged this evening.

Also a communication from the Royal Bavarian Academy, dated
Munich, May 12th, 1854, transmitting the publications from that
Society, announced . this evening ; also acknowledging the receipt of
certain Nos. of the Journal and Proceedings.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper from Mr. Charles Girard, intended for
publication in the Proceedings, entitled " Descriptions of New Fishes
collected by Dr. A. L. Ileermann, naturalist attached to the Survey of

1354.] 127

the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. Williamson, U. S. A. j" winch
was referred to Dr. Hallowell, Prof. Baird, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy also presented an addition to the paper of Drs. Shuruard
and Evans, on new fossil species from Nebraska, collected by the North
Pacific Railroad Expedition, under Gov. Stevens ; which was referred to
the Committee on the former portion of the paper.

Also, by the same, a second paper from Messrs. Evans and Shumard,
entitled, " Descriptions of new fossil species from the fresh-water Ter-
tiary formation of Nebraska." Referred to Dr. Leidy, Mr. Conrad,
and Mr. Phillips.

Dr. Leidy presented drawings of the dentition of a new genus and
species of extinct mammal from Nebraska, which he characterized under
the name of Dinictis fdina. The specimen was loaned by Prof. Hall,
of Albany. The head is about the size and general form of Machiarodus
primsevus. The genus holds the same relation to Putorius that Machia-
rodus does to Felis.

August Sth.
Major J. Le Conte in the Chair.

A letter was read from the Trustees of the New York State Library,
dated Albany, July 3, 1854, acknowledging the receipt of the Proceed-
ings, Vol. 7, No. 3.

Dr. Leidy presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings, entitled,
" Synopsis of extinct Mammalia, the remains of which have been dis-
covered in the Eocene Tertiary of Nebraska;'' which was referred to Dr.
Genth, Dr. Rand, and Mr. Chas. E. Smith.

August 15$.
Mr. Cassix in the Chair.

A letter was read from the " Societe du Museum d'Histnire Naturelle
de Strasbourg," dated 2d Jan., 1854, transmitting several Vols, of their
Memoirs; also acknowledging the receipt of the Proceedings of the
Academy for 1852.

A paper was presented from Mr. Chas. Girard, containing additional
descriptions of Fishes collected by Dr. Heermann, which was referred
to the Committee on the former portion of the paper.

Also, a paper by the same, entitled, " Enumeration of Marine Fishes,
collected at San Francisco, Cal.j by Dr C. 13. Kennedy, Naturalist to
the Survey of the Pacific R. R. Route, under Lieut. A. W. Whipple."
Referred to Drs. Hallowell, Baird, and Leidy.

Dr. Hallowell presented a paper for publication in the Journal, entitled,
"Contributions to South American Herpetology " which was referred
to Major Le Conte, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. Rand.

1-28

[August,

August '22d.
Wm. Parker Foulke, Esq., in the Chair.

Letters were read

From the Royal Imperial Geological Institute of Vienna, dated 19th
May, 1854, accompanying the donation of its publication, announced
this evening.

From the K. L. C. Acad, der Naturforseher, dated Breslau, 28th
April, 185-4, transmitting the last volume of its Nova Acta.

A paper was presented from Prof. Baird and Mr. Charles Girard, in-
tended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled, " Notice of a new
genus of Cjprioidse ;" which was referred to Dr. Ilallowell, Mr. Cassin,
and Dr. Leidy.

Also, a paper from Mr. Girard, containing " Observations on a col-
lection of Fishes made on the Pacific Coast of the United States, by
Lieut. W. B. Trowbridge, U. S. A., for the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution." lleferred to Dr. Hallowell, Prof. Baird, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Le Conte presented a paper for publication in the Proceedings,
entitled, " Synopsis of the Erotylida3 of the United States." lleferred
to Dr. Ilallowell, Dr. McEuen, and Dr. Leidy.

Dr. Leidy made the following remarks.

My friend, Mr. Hanson, has called my attention to a review of the work
entitled, " A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals,' 5 in the Gardener's
Chronicle, London, April 8, 18-'54, edited by Prof. Lindley. The language in
several passages of this review, would imply that the entophyta, described in
the "Flora and Fauna," had not been discovered by its author. This, though
no doubt unintentional on the part of the editor, is ypt so apt to mislead the
judgment of the readers of the Gardener's Chroniclp, in estimating the value of
the work, that I have considered it, in justice to myself, worthy of notice.

Prof. Lindley remarks in reference to the work, " It may be true, that it dops
not contain much, which may not be found in Robin's second edition of his ad-
mirable work on animals;" and further on, says, " We would point out more
especially the plates, which represent the curious parasites which infest the
intestines of different species of Julus, for though the principal of them are not
overlooked by Robin, etc."

Thus it is made to appear, as if Robin had been the discoverer of most of
the entophytes, described in the " Floia and Fauna," when on referring to pages
358, 395 and 403 of Robin's Histoire Naturelle des Vegetaux Parasites, it will
be found that all the vegetable parasites of the former work are duly accredited
to its author.

The " Flora and Fauna " was presented for publication to the Smithsonian
Institute in December, 1851, and appeared in printed form in April, 1853, the
same year in which the second edition of Robin's work was issued from the
press. The descriptions in the latter of those entophyta discovered by me, were
taken from communications, published in the Proceedings of this Society in 1849.

1 take this occasion to make a few remarks on a question in the same review,
which Prof. Lindley proposes, in reference to the nature of the entophytes above
indicated, whether they are to be considered as fungi or algae. Prof. Lindley
observes, " for our own part, we have little doubt that they are all true fungals,
as also are such productions as Saprolegnia, etc." In presenting an opinion
with so little doubt, Prof. Lindley appears not to be " an coura>it >> with a work
entitled, "The Vegetable Kingdom. By John Lindley, Ph. D., &c," in which
the diagnoses of the two families mentioned are as follows :

1854.] 129

Algales. Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their whole surface by
the medium in which they vegetate; living in water or very damp places, pro-
pagated by zoospores, colored spores or tetraspores.

Fungales. Cellular flowerless plants, nourished through their thallus, (spawn
or mycelium.) living in air; propagated by spores, colorless or brown, and
sometimes inclosed in asci ; destitute of green gonidia.

Now all the entophyta in question, excepting such as are especially described
as fungi, are flowerless plants, and are nourished through their whole surface
by the medium in which they vegetate; aad they live in a watery liquid, (the
intestinal contents,) have no mycelium, and are propagated by spores in the
manner of many undoubted algae ; and, therefore, they agree with the former
diagnosis, and not with the latter. They even differ in a very important char-
acter from Saprolegnia, (which on page 17 of the " Vegetable Kingdom," under
the name of Achlya, is placed among the algae,) which possesses a mycelium,
as I have frequently observed in this curious plant growing upon dead flies,
earthworms, salamanders, &c.

August 29f/i.

Mr. Cassin in the Chair.

The Committees to which were referred several papers hy Mr. Chas.
Grirarcl, read Aug. 1, 15, and 22d, describing new species of Fishes, re-
ported in favor of publication in the Proceedings.

Descriptions of neiv Fishes, collected by Dr. A. L. Heermann, Naturalist attached,
to the Survey of the Pacific Railroad Route, under Lieut. R. S. Williamson,
U. S. A.

By Charles Girard^
PERCIDJE.

1. Centrarchus interrtjptus, G. General form rather elongated, very
much compressed. Nuchal region swollen ; oculo-cephalic region subconcave.
Snout tapering ; lower jaw longest. Posterior extremity of upper maxillary
reaching a vertical line drawn back of the pupil. Head forming a little less
than the third of total length. Eyes large and circular ; their diameter being
comprised four times in the length of side of the head. Scales on cheeks rather
small ; a little larger on the opercle than on the cheek.

D XIII. 11. A VII. 10. C 5. 1. 8. 7. 1. 4. V I. 5. P 13.

The origin of the spiny dorsal is situated opposite the base of the pec-
torals, and the origin of the anal, opposite the space between the eleventh
and twelfth dorsal spines. The tip of rays, as well as the base of anal,
extends a little farther back than the dorsal. The base of ventrals falls upon the
same vertical line as that which would intersect the base of pectorals. Scales
of medium size; minutely serrated.

Greyish brown above, silver grey beneath. Irregular transverse bands of
dark brown or black, interrupted along the lateral line, the portion of the band
above it is somewhat alternating with the portion beneath it. A large black
spot may be seen at the upper angle of opercle.

Specimens from Sacramento River, Cal.

COTT1D.E s. Cataphracti.

2. Cottopsis gulosus, G. Largest specimens a little over three inches in total
length; of which the head forms the third, the caudal fin excepted. Preopercle
provided with two small spines, such as may be observed in several species of
Cottus proper, the head otherwise is smooth; mouth proportionately large;
posterior extremity of upper maxillary reaching a vertical line, which would
pass behind the pupil. A space of five twentieths of an inch exists between the

12

130 [August,

origin of the first dorsal and the occiput. Second dorsal connected with the
first by a low membrane proceeding from the last spiny ray. Tips of posterior
soft rays not quite reaching the base of caudal. Anal, about as high as second
dorsal, but shorter. Caudal, well developed and posterioily rounded. Origin
of ventrals midway between the tip of lower jaw and the anus. Pectorals broad
and large, its longest rays extending posteriorly as far as the fifth ray of second
dorsal.

D IX. 18. A 13. C 3. 1. 5. 4. 1. 2. V 1. 4. P 15.

Lateral line uninterrupted from thoracic region to base of caudal. Abdomen
beset with minute prickles; skin elsewhere smooth.

Ground color reddish brown ; head and (iorsal region spotted with black.
Dorsals, caudal and pectorals barred with blackish ; first dorsal provided poste-
riorly with an elongated black spot. Anal and ventrals unicolor.

Inhabit San Joaquin River, Cal.

Genus ASPICOTTUS. Girard.

Head covered with bony plates. Opercular apparatus armed with strong spines.
.Mouth moderately cleft; jaw equal. Teeth on the maxillaries and front of
vomer; none on the palatines. Gill openings separated by an isthmus ; bran-
chiostegal rays six in number. Dorsals distinct; first, rather small and lower
than the second. Caudal rounded posteriorly. Pectorals broad and large.
Insertion of ventrals under the base of pectorals. A series of bony scutellae
running along the sides of back from head to tail. Skin otherwise smooth.

Obs. To this genus must be referred Cottus bubalis of Euphrasen, from the
Baltic and Norwegian seas.

3. Aspicottus bison, G. Greatest length seven inches and a half. Head
broad and large, forming a little less than the third of the whole length. Body
tapering rapidly backwards. Orbits raised above the surface of the skull, which
exhibits a parieto-occipital carina. Above and inwardly of nostrils a rough
plate is observable. Preopercle provided with four spines, uppermost very
long, extending backwards to the posterior edge of opercle ; the two next ones
are small and directed obliquely downwards; the fourth, may be seen at the
lower edge of that bone and directed obliquely forwards. The opercle has three
spines; a stout one along the upper margin of that bone, and two small ones
towards its inferior margin and directed obliquely downwards. The posterior
extremity of interopercle. finally exhibits the last and smallest spine of the
opercular apparatus. The isthmus is rather large. The first dorsal begins at a
very short distance from the occiput, and is separated from the second by a
similar small space. Its base is contained once and a half in that of the second
dorsal, the po-terior rays of which, do not reach the base of the caudal. The
caudal in itself is rather long. The origin of the anal is under the fourth ray
of second dorsal ; the tips of its posterior rays are almost even with those of the
last mentioned fin, although its base does not extend as far behind. The ventrals
are long and slender; their insertion being nearly equidistant between the
symphysis of lower jaw and the vent. The tips of pectorals reach a vertical
line, which would intersect the second ray of second dorsal fin.

D VIII. 12. A 9. C 4. 1. 5. 4. [.5. V I. 3. P 16.

The lateral line appears to be occupied by a row of oblong bony